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Anlisis BasicHyperspectral BasicHyperspectral Tutorial Tutorial

introduce Thistutorial youtovisualization anlisis andinteractive toolsforworking
withhyperspectral data.Inthistutorial, youwill:
nAnalyze perfiles espectrales fromAVIRIS datos de reflectancia
nCompare imagespectra
nExtract meanimagespectra fromregions toknownlibrary espectros de inters (ROI)
nDesign colorimages Usethistutorial withENVI5.1orlater todiscriminate mineraloga.
Apariencia Thenamesofsomemenuitemsandthe ofplotwindows willvary,dependiendo ont
heversion que hautilizado.
Tutorial FilesUsedinthisTutorial filesareavailable fromtheExelis VISwebsite DVD
orontheENVIResource inthehyperspectral directorio.
Descripcin del archivo
.dat reflectancia AVIRIS CupriteReflectance imageandheader
CupriteMineralROIs.xml archivo de regin de inters (ROI)filewithknownmineral aparic
iones
Youwillalsousesomemineral filesthatareincluded withyourENVI biblioteca espectral
de la instalacin.
Theimageusedinthisexercise wascollected bytheAirborne Visible, infrarrojo Imagin
g Spectrometer (AVIRIS) sensor. Datos AVIRIS filesarecourtesy ofNASA/JPL - Calte
ch. Thesample imagecovers theCuprite anarea withdiverse Hillsareaofsouthern Neva
da, tipos de minerales. Thescenewascollected fromanER-2aviones onAugust 8,2011.
Thefullradiance sceneisavailable fromNASA/JPL's website AVIRIS intheFreeData sec
cin. Como se indica acontinuacin, resultando inthefile thisimagewasprocessed Cupri
teReflectance.dat :
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(oreja). Sin embargo, estainformacin mayberestricted fromtransfer pases embargado
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Tutorial de anlisis de
subconjunto nSpatially BasicHyperspectral
nProcessed withFLAASH paraextraer efectos atmosfricos andtocreate una reflectancia
superficial imageinENVIformat
n53bandsmarked como"malo"intheENVIheader archivo.agua Theseareprimarily vaporban
dsthatcausespikes inthereflectance curva.
N1260A1560nm(Bandas 98-128)
a1960n1760nm(bandas 148-170) Consultela"AVIRIS Preproceso Tutorial "forthestepsu
sedtocreate thereflectance imagen.
Antecedentes
Los sensores hiperespectrales- morecommonly espectrmetros knownasimaging -recopil
ar informacin espectral a travs acontinuous thespectrum manynarrow bydividing espe
ctro en bandas espectrales. Airborne andsatellite espectrmetros de imgenes puede c
onllevar uptoseveral cien bandswithaspectral resolucin de 10 nanmetros (nm) o ms es
trecha. Compare los sensores multiespectrales thistobroadband suchasLandsat whic
hhasninespectral bandsandaspectral 8OLI, resolucin de106nm.
Resolucin espectral se refiere tothewidthofeachbandwithin thecaptured espectro.
Respuesta tothewidthofaninstrument Morespecifically, itrefers)athalf ofthebandde
pth (paso de banda. Thisisknownasthefull--- mitad de ancho mximo (FWHM). Muestreo
espectral concepto isaseparate thatrefers tothebandspacing orthequantization th
espectrum atdiscrete, de pasos. Espectrmetros de calidad diseado de modoque theban

dspacing areusually isapproximately equaltotheFWHM,whichexplains whyspectral iso

ftenusedinterchangeably withspectral resolucin de muestreo.
Lossiguientes figura showshowagivenpixelfromamultispectral imageonlycovers banda
s espectrales discretas. Aunque itcanhavemanybandscovering thevisible espectro tr
mico, producir itcannot espectro acontinuous ofanobject likea sensor hiperespect
ral.
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(oreja). Sin embargo, estainformacin mayberestricted fromtransfer pases embargado
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Tutorial Anlisis BasicHyperspectral

Thespectral resolucin requerida depende del sensor foraspecific caractersticas ont
hespectral ofthematerial youaretrying toidentify. Eachmaterial exhibe una firma
espectral nica a travs theelectromagnetic espectro. Factores que influyen en el es
pectro de la amaterial incluyen la composicin, la estructura (cristalinidad), tam
ao del grano,Visualizacin de geometra, andmixture.
Resolucin Thehighspectral espectrmetro fromanimaging permite youtoidentify materia
les, mientras que los sensores de banda ancha suchasLandsat TMonlyallowyouto dis
criminar entre materiales. Wewilldemonstrate theseconcepts inthesteps thatfollow
.
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(oreja). Sin embargo, estainformacin mayberestricted fromtransfer pases embargado
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Tutorial Anlisis BasicHyperspectral

Ejercicio 1:ViewMaterial Spectra
Inthisexercise, youwillanalyze perfiles espectrales ofpixels dentro areflectance
imagen, thencompare ofknownmaterials themtolibrary espectros. Anlisis de datos h
iperespectrales generalmente implica datos de reflectancia aparente,wheretheimag
ery inillumination duetotopography mayhave variaciones. Datos Withreflectance,no
rmalmente pixelvalues rangefrom0a1butareoftenscaled bysomefactor toyieldinteger
datos.
La reflectancia superficial imageyouwillviewnexthasbeenscaled Theapparent por 10
.000.
1.StartENVI.
2.ClicktheOpenbuttoninthetoolbar.
3.Seleccione thefileCupriteReflectance.dat.Outofthe andclickOpen224bandas escena
ofthisAVIRIS ENVIautomatically determina thebestbandsto colordisplay atrue apro
ximada-. Banda itassigns Inthiscase,29almacenado,Banda 20togreen, andBand12toblu
e.Thisbandcombination doesnotofferagood colorcontrast thescene amongthedifferent
materiales dentro. Youwillchange thebandcombination inthenextfewsteps.
4.ClicktheDataManager buttoninthetoolbar.
5.Desplcese por thelistofbandsintheimage. Clickonthefollowing bandnames, inorder,
toassign themtothered,verde, andbluechannels, respectivamente:
nFLAASH (banda183...)
nFLAASH (banda193...)

nFLAASH (banda207...) 6.ClicktheLoadDatabutton intheDataManager. Banda Theresult

ing combinacin proporciona todo thescene abetter colorcontrast.
7.ClosetheDataManager.
ViewImageSpectra
ENVIcanextract horizontal (x), vertical (y),andspectral (Z)fromanyimage perfiles
de pantalla. Hiperespectrales isprimarily dataanalysis interesados withextracti
ng perfiles espectrales ,whichtakespectral onthescreen fromthewholefileandnotjus
tthebands muestra informacin. Porejemplo, thefileCupriteReflectance.dat contiene
170bandsof"buena" datos,soaspectral foranygivenpixelwillshowthe perfil
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(oreja). Sin embargo, estainformacin mayberestricted fromtransfer pases embargado
s tovarious underU.S.lawsandregulations.

Los valores de reflectancia Tutorial Anlisis BasicHyperspectral forall170bandas.

1.IntheLayerManager, derecha-, haga clicen[1]CupriteReflectance andselect Perfil
es > Perfil espectral theimageisasmallwhitedotsurrounded byfourwhitecorners .
dentro. Thedotrepresents theselected pixel, Perfil andtheSpectral showsthespectr
um forthatpixel.
2.Notetheshapeofthereflectance ventana Perfil curveintheSpectral; indicar theban
dsmarked thegaps como"malo"intheENVIheader file.Theseareprimarily picos watervap
orbandsthatwouldhavecaused inthereflectance curva.
3.Clickanywhere dentro oftheimagetoselect adifferent pixel. Actualizaciones de p
erfil toshowthespectrum TheSpectral forthatpixel.
4.ClicktheShowarrowontherightsideoftheSpectral Perfil. Aparece Aplotkey withthes
pectrum nameandpixellocation: porejemplo, CupriteReflectance (261,393).Youcanals
ousethispaneltosettheplot
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(oreja). Sin embargo, estainformacin mayberestricted fromtransfer pases embargado
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Tutorial Anlisis BasicHyperspectral

propiedades. Perfil withspectral Formoretipsonworking plotwindows, consultela to
picinENVIHelp perfil espectral.
5.ClicktheRemove AllbuttonabovetheplotkeytocleartheSpectral Perfil.
6.ClicktheCrosshairs iconintheENVItoolbar. A viewimagespectra butithelpstobetter
Thisstepisnotrequired, visualizar theselected pixellocation.
7.ClosetheCursor Valuedialog queaparece.
8.IntheGoTofieldoftheENVItoolbar, typepixelcoordinates 325,444y presstheEnterkey
.lapantalla centros overapinkareainthelowerpartof la imagen. Actualizaciones de
perfil withthespectrum TheSpectral ofthatpixellocation.
Representa Thisspectrum anunknown material. Prximo,youwillcompare este espectro e
spectro toalibrary truthdata thatrepresents tierra-.
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(oreja). Sin embargo, estainformacin mayberestricted fromtransfer pases embargado
s tovarious underU.S.lawsandregulations.

Tutorial de anlisis de
espectros ViewLibrary BasicHyperspectral
Acommon workflow inhyperspectral dataanalysis espectros istocompare fromimagedat
atothosecollected inthefieldorlaboratory derivada. Comparar Thisletsyouquickly i
magespectra tothespectra ofknownmaterials. Caractersticas de absorcin y reflectanc
ia areeasytocompare whenthespectra areplotted inthesame ventana.
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(oreja). Sin embargo, estainformacin mayberestricted fromtransfer pases embargado
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Anlisis BasicHyperspectral Tutorial

incluye grupos ofENVIareseveral withyourinstallation theNASA oflaboratory espect
ros de Laboratorio de Propulsin a Chorro (JPL), JohnsHopkins University (JHU), ye
l U.S.Geological Survey (USGS). Cortesa Dataprovided ofcourtesy oftheJet Propulsi
on Laboratory, California Institute ofTechnology, Pasadena, California.
Copyright 1999,California Institute ofTechnology. Todos los derechos reservados.
Contiene theASTERSpectral Theasterfolder biblioteca (versin 2),whichincludes mile
s oflaboratory spectra fromnatural andman-madematerials cubriendo 400 a1540nm(Ba
ldridge etal.,2009). Contiene theJPLandJHUspectra Thisfolder.
Referencia: Baldridge, A.M.,S.J.Gancho,C.I.Grove, andG.Rivera, 2009.La Bibliotec
a ASTERSpectral versin 2.0.La teleobservacin ofEnvironment ,Vol.113, pp.711-715.
Las bibliotecas espectrales arestored inENVIspectral biblioteca (.sli)Formato, w
itheachlineof theimagecorresponding andeachsample toanindividual espectro corres
pondiente a la medicin de longitud de onda ataspecific anindividual espectral.
1.Fromthemenubar,seleccione Visualizacin > Spectral Library Viewer .
2.La Biblioteca OntheleftsideoftheSpectral Viewer, expanda la carpeta theigcp264
.
3.Ampliar theigcp_ 1.slicollection.
4.ClickontheKAOLINITE_ KL500espectro andnotetheshapeanddetail dela curva de refl
ectancia. Biblioteca AlsonotehowtheXandYunitsofthespectral fromthoseoftheimagesp
ectra intheSpectral plotare escalan de manera diferente Perfil.
5.ClicktheShowbutton Biblioteca intheSpectral toseetheplotkeyforthe caolinita es
pectro thatyouselected visor.
6.Seleccione theKAOLINITE_ KL500espectro namefromtheplotkeyofthe Biblioteca espe
ctral, Perfil anddragittotheSpectral Visor de dilogo. Perfil automticamente TheSpe
ctral escalas que-axistoaccomodate thetwospectra, fordirect comparacin.
7.Seleccione theKAOLINITE_ KL500espectro perfil intheplotkeyoftheSpectral andsel
ect itscolortoblue theCurvetab.Cambio.
8.Continuum extraccin isapowerful visualization toolforspectral anlisis, especialm
ente forabsorption caractersticas. Firma de modoque youcancompare Itnormalizes th
espectral caractersticas de absorcin individual fromacommon basal. Seleccione:Data
Valuedrop- Continuum downlistandselect retirado .El perfil espectral debe lookli
kethefollowing figura:
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odos los derechos reservados. Esta informacin trfico oftheInternational isnotsubje

ct tothecontrols inArmsRegulations (ITAR) ortheExport Administration Regulations
(oreja). Sin embargo, estainformacin mayberestricted fromtransfer pases embargado
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Anlisis BasicHyperspectral Tutorial

9.Zoomintothewavelength gama2000A2500nmshowninthefigure debajo.
Rueda, clickinside Ifyourmousehasascroll theplotwindow androllthewheel tozoomin.
O,haga clic- y lazona youwanttozoominto dragthescroll wheeltodrawaboxaround.
Las caractersticas de absorcin Thedouble cerca2200nmoffers agoodreference imagespe
ctra tolibrary pointfor comparando los espectros. Anteriormente, reflectancia th
eshapeofthe Intheexample curveofthemineral caolinita se asemeje thatoftheimage e
spectro.
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(oreja). Sin embargo, estainformacin mayberestricted fromtransfer pases embargado
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Tutorial Anlisis BasicHyperspectral

Youcouldplotthespectra ofotherknownmaterials fromthespectral biblioteca butwith
cientos ofspectra disponible, thatprocess couldbetime- consumiendo. ENVIhas tool
ssuchasSpectral espectral caracterstica avanzada Adaptador (SFF) ,Spectral Angle
Mapper (SAM) ,Informacin andSpectral divergencia (SID)thatcanmeasure la similitud
entre anunknown andareference material material. Por favor refertothe ENVIHelpf
ormoreinformation onadvanced herramientas espectrales.
Otro waytoextract perfiles espectrales fromanimageistocreate regiones de inters (
ROIs). Uptothispoint, youhaveextracted imagespectra fromasingle pixel. Con anROI
,youareextracting themeanspectra fromallthepixels thatcomprise el ROI.
Perfil ClosetheSpectral Biblioteca andSpectral inpreparation forthenext Visor de
ejercicio.
Ejercicio 2:extraer
estadsticas YoucanuseROIstoextract MeanSpectra fromROIs andaverage spectra fromgr
oups ofpixels. Usted candefine asmanyROIsasdesired inadisplayed imagen. Herramie
nta de inters SeetheRegion(ROI)topicinENVIHelpfordetails ondrawing ROIs.
Inthisexercise, youwillviewROIsofknownmineral typesandextract meanspectra fromth
eROIs.
1.ClicktheRegion inters til(ROI)buttoninthetoolbar.
2.La herramienta FromtheROI barra de men, seleccione Archivo>Abrir.
3.Seleccione thefileCupriteMineralROIs.xml.ThisROIfile andclickOpen representa px
eles wherespecific areknowntooccur minerales.
4.IntheSelect Layerdialog BaseROI Visualization, seleccione [1] ,andclickOK Cupr
iteReflectance.TheROIsforeachmineral typearelisted en theLayerManager. True,File
onOpenissetto IftheENVIpreference AutoDisplay theROIswilldisplay ontheimage.
5.Derecho- .AnROI clickonanyROIintheLayerManager andselect Estadsticas Estadsticas
de resultados, aparece el cuadro de dilogo siguiente: thatshowsthe withanembedde
d plotwindow
nMeanspectrum (blanco)
desviacin nFirststandard aboveandbelowthemeanspectrum (verde)
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odos los derechos reservados. Esta informacin trfico oftheInternational isnotsubje

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(oreja). Sin embargo, estainformacin mayberestricted fromtransfer pases embargado
s tovarious underU.S.lawsandregulations.

Tutorial Anlisis BasicHyperspectral

nla Duracin mnima andmaximum sobres que contienen allofthespectra intheROI (rojo)
6.ClosetheROI Estadsticas Resultados del dilogo.
7.Derecho de inters carpeta clickontheRegions intheLayerManager estadsticas andsel
ect forAllROIs.Theplotwindow showsthemeanspectra forallROIs.
8.Derecho- clickinside theplotwindow andselect StackPlots forcomparison .Thisoff
sets los espectros.
9.Derecho- clickagaininside theplotwindow andselect Leyenda .
10.Zoomintothewavelength gama2000A2500nm.Ifyourmousehasascroll rueda, clickinsid
e theplotwindow androllthewheeltozoomin.O,haga clic- y- dragthescroll wheeltodra
waboxaround theareayouwanttozoominto.El plotshould looksimilar tothefollowing fi
gura:
caractersticas thespectral 11.Compare andnoteunique thatmightallowmineral ofeachs
pectrum, caractersticas de identificacin.
12.closetheROI Viewdialog Whenyouhavefinished, Estadsticas. Dilogo KeeptheROITool
openforthenextexercise.
Ejercicio 3:discriminar la mineraloga
, youwilldesign Inthisexercise colorimages tohelpdiscriminate minerales.
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Anlisis BasicHyperspectral Tutorial

1.Derecho- haga clicen[1]CupriteReflectance intheLayerManager andselect Perfiles
> Perfil espectral .
2.ClicktheSelect buttonintheENVItoolbar.
3.Clickinside oftheredROIthatrepresents caolinita inthelower/partecentral la ima
gen. Perfil TheSpectral showsthespectrum forthatpixellocation.
4.Derecho- clickinside perfil theSpectral andselect RGBBars.rojo,verde y bluever
tical barsappear oftheplottoshowthewavelengths asignado a eachchannel interior.
Herramienta Thisisaquickvisualization.Ifyoulookatthe[1].dat (layerintheLayerMana
ger CupriteReflectance youmayneedtoscroll a therightintheLayerManager), youcanse
ethespecific bandsassigned almacenado, verde andblue:2188.4890 2088.4851 nm,nm,y
2328.1069 nm, respectivamente. Perfil barsinthespectral Thecolored plotconfirm e
sto.
Youcanclickanddragthecolored barstochange themtootherbands. Thisisa goodwaytoenh
ance determinados minerales bycentering onecolorbarinan andtheothertwoonopposite
hombros ofthefeature caracterstica de absorcin.
5.Zoomintothewavelength gama2000A2500nm.Ifyourmousehasascroll rueda, clickinside
theplotwindow androllthewheeltozoomin.O,haga clic- y- dragthescroll wheeltodraw
aboxaround theareayouwanttozoominto.
6.Disable theRegions inters layerintheLayerManager tohidetheROIs.
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(oreja). Sin embargo, estainformacin mayberestricted fromtransfer pases embargado
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Anlisis BasicHyperspectral Tutorial

7.Clickanddragthered,verde, andbluebarstothelocation showninthefigure debajo.
8.Derecho- clickintheSpectral andselect LoadNewBandCombination Perfil .
Porque thegreenchannel fallswithin greenvalues theabsorption caracterstica, va a
continuacin.Theredandbluechannels andnearly haveahigher (igual), reflectancia ina
purple mostrar inareaswherekaolinite isabundant resultante.
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odos los derechos reservados. Esta informacin trfico oftheInternational isnotsubje
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(oreja). Sin embargo, estainformacin mayberestricted fromtransfer pases embargado
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Tutorial Anlisis BasicHyperspectral

experimento withotherpixellocations, usingthemineral ROIsasaguideline, para resa
ltar thosefeatures withnewcolorcombinations. Youshould begintounderstand howtheR
GBcolors corresponden tothespectral firma. Cmo ciertos espectros Youcanalsopredic
t willlook,givenaparticular colorintheRGBimage del pxel. Thenyou candesign andtes
tspecific RGBbandselections thatmaximize yourability tomap determinados minerale
s.
Mineraloga Thisisacrudewayofdiscriminating basedondifferent colorcomposites.
Visualizacin ENVIhasmoreadvanced toolssuchasscatter plotsandthen-D Visualizador .
ENVIalsoprovides arichsetofadvanced todo- pixelandsub pxeles algoritmos de anlisis
espectral tohelpyouperform endmember extraccin, spectral unmixing toestimate the
abundances ofmaterials, deteccin andtarget .Consultelos ENVI detalles forfurther
onthesetopics ayuda.
Aviso de copyright:
ENVI es marca aregistered ofExelis Inc.,asubsidiary ofHarris Corporation.
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(oreja). Sin embargo, estainformacin mayberestricted fromtransfer pases embargado
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