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BS 812 : Part I : 1975
UDC [625.7.07 : 620.11 : 620.1 1
Testing aggregates
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Co-operating organizations
The Road Engineering Industry Standards committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of
representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations:
*Asphalt and Coated Macadam Association *Greater London Council
Association of Consulting Engineers Institute of Petroleum
*British Quarrying and Slag Federation Institute of Quarrying
*British Tar Industry Association *Institution of Civil Engineers
*Cement and Concrete Association *Institution of Highway Engineers
*Concrete Society (Design and Development Divisional *Institution of Municipal Engineers
Committee) Institution of Structural Engineers
Contractors' Plant Association Ministry of Defence
*County Surveyors' Society Refined Bitumen Association Limited
*Department of the Environment Road Emulsion Association Limited
*Department of the Environment, Transport and Road Road Surface Dressing Association
Research Laboratory *Sand and Gravel Association Limited
Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Society of Chemical Industry
Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment
and Cranes
The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the
committee entrusted with the preparation of the British Standard:
Association of London Borough Engineers and Surveyors
Department of the Environment (Building Research
Establishment)
Natural Environment Research Council-lnstitute of
Geological Science
8601 -5-2k-6
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BS 812 : Part I : 1975
Methods Tables
1. Scope 1. Table deleted
2. References 2. Table deleted
3. Reporting 3. Table deleted
3.1 General 4. Table deleted
3.2 Certificate of sampling 5. Table deleted
4. Text deleted 6. Table deleted
5. Text deleted 7. Mass of sample for sedimentation method
6. Text deleted 8. Mass of sample for decantation method
7. Determination of particle size and shape 9. Table deleted
7.1’ Text deleted 10. Table deleted
7.2 Determination of clay, silt and dust in
fine or coarse aggregates Figures
A 7.3 x e a e k & c l
7.4 Text deleted
7.5 Determination of angularity number
1.
2.
3.
Figure deleted
Figure deleted
Figure deleted
7.6 Text deleted 4. Sedimentation apparatus for deterinination
of clay, fine silt and fine dust content
5. Figure deleted
6. Text deleted’
Foreword -
y -
h I
‘This Part of BS 8 12 has been prepared under the
direction of the Cement, Gypsum, Aggregates and
Quarry Standards Policy Committee. BS 812 was
I
I Testing aggregates
I Part 1. Methods for determination of particle size and shape
The titles of the British Standards referred to in this Table 4. Table deleted.
standard are listed on the inside back cover.
Table 5. Table deleted.
3. Reporting
3.1 General, The report shall affirm that the tests Table 6. Table deleted.
were done in accordance with this standard.
Any departure from the specified test procedure 7.2 Determination of clay, siit and dust in fine or
shall be described with reasons for the departure coarse aggregates
and, if possible, estimates of its effect on the test
results. The report shall also include details of any 7.2.1 Introduction. Three methods are described.
special processing of the sample, other than that The first by sedimentation detects material finer
required by the test methods, carried out in the than 20 pm, the second by decantation detects
laboratory. For example, crushing to provide larger materials finer than 75 prn. The third method is a
quantities of smaller sizes or the separation of field settling method forming a guide only to the
constituents from an as-dug gravel. presence of clay and silt in sand.
3.2 Certificate of sampling. The report shall affirm 7.2.2 Sampling. The sample for these tests shall be
that a certificate of sampling was received with the taken in accordance with BS 8 12 : Part 102.
sample and shall declare all the information given
on the certificate. If a certificate was not received 7.2.3 Sedimentation method
this shall be stated in the report. 7.2.3.1 General. This is a gravimetric method for
determining the clay, fine silt and fine dust. which
includes particles up to 20 pm. Differences in the
nature and density of materials or in the temperature
at the time of testing may vary the separation point.
7.2.3.2 Apparatus and solution. The following is
required.
7.2.3.2.1 A watertiglzt screw-toppedglass jar of
dimensions similar to a 1 kg fruit preserving jar
(for fine aggregate only).
7.2.3.2.2 A device for rotating the jar about its long
axis, with this axis horizontal, at a speed of
80 f20 rev/min ( f x fine aggregate only).
3
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institute on ERC Specs and Standards
Licensed by Information Handling Services
7 5 W 3 6 2 4 6 6 9 0022llLï b W
method
I
Nominal size Minimum mass of sample
,Scale graduated
mm kg
,E 63 to 28 6
20 to 14 I
10 to 6 O. 5
5 or smaller 0.3
C-
cylinder. Make up the volume to 1000 ml with 7.2.4.3 Test sample. The sample for test shall
the diluted sodium oxalate solution and complete comply with the appropriate minimum mass given
the determination as described in 7.2.3.4(c). in table 8, and be taken from the original sample
(c) Finalprocedure. Thoroughly mix the received at the laboratory either by quartering or
suspension in the measuring cylinder by inversion by means ofa sample divider, as described in BS 8 12 :
and immediately place the cylinder and contents Part 102.
in position under the pipette. Then gently lower Table 8. Mass of sample for decantation
the pipette (A) until the tip touches the surface of method
the liquid, and then lower it a further 100 mm
into the liquid. 4 min after placing the measuring Nominal size Minimum mass of sample
cylinder in position fill the pipette (A) and the
bore of tap (B) by opening (B) and applying mm kg
gentle suction a t (C).Asmall surplus may be 63 to 28 6
drawn up into the bulb between tap (B) and 20 to 14 1
tube (C), but this shalI be allowed to run away 10 to 6 O. 5
and any solid matter shall be washed out with 5 or smaller 0.3
distilled water from (E). Then remove the pipette
from the measuring cylinder and run its contents
7.2.4.4 Test procedure. Dry the test sample in
into a weighed container, any adherent solids
shallow trays in the oven for 24 f0.5 h, at a
e being washed into the container by distilled
water from (E) through the tap (B).
Dry the contents of the container at 105 f 5 "C
temperature of 105 f 5 "C,cool and weigh it
(mass A).
to constant mass, cool and weigh it. Then place the test sample in the container and
add enough water to cover it. Agitate the contents
7.2.3.5 Calculations. The proportion of clay, fine of the container vigorously and immediately pour
silt and fine dust shall then be calculated from the the wash water over the sieves, which have
following equation : previously been wetted on both sides and arranged
Percentage of clay, fine silt and fine dust with the coarser sieve on top.
=-( 100 1000 M2
M1 V - 0.8)
The agitation shall be sufficiently vigorous to
result in the complete separation from the coarse
where particles of all particles finer than the 75 pm BS test
M1 is the mass of the original sample (g); sieve, and to bring the fine material into suspension
M 2is the mass of the dried residue (g); in order that it will be removed by decantation of
V is the volume of the pipette (mi); the wash water. Take care to avoid, as far as
0.8 is the mass of sodium oxalate (g) in 1 litre of possible, decantation of the coarse particles of the
the diluted solution. sample. Repeat the operation until the wash water
NOTE. No correction is made for water-soluble salts which is clear. Return all material retained on the sieves to
may be present in the sand, since the amount of such salts is the washed sample. Dry the washed aggregate as
normally small. before, cool and weigh it (mass B).
7.2.3.6 Reporting of results. The clay, fine silt and 7.2.4.5 Calculfitions.The results shall be calculated
0 fine dust content shall be reported as a percentage to
the nearest whole number above 10%, to the
from the following equation :
Percentage of material passing a 75 pm BS
nearest 0.5 % between and including 10% and
A - B
0.5 %, and to the nearest O. 1 % below 0.5 %. test sieve = -x 100
A
7.2.4 Decantation method where
7.2.4.1 General. This is a method for determining A is the mass of oven-dried sample (g) ;
the amount of material passing a 75 pm BS test B is the mass of portion retained on the 75 pm
sieve. BS test sieve (g).
7.2.4.2 Apparatus. The following apparatus is 7.2.4.6 Reporting of results. The amount of material
required. finer than a 75 pm BS test sieve shall be reported as
7.2.4.2.1 A scale or balance of suitable capacity a percentage to the nearest whole number above
accurate to 0.05% of the mass of the test sample. 10%, to the nearest 0.5 % between and including
7.2.4.2.2 A well ventilated oven thermostatically 10% and 0.5 %, and to the nearest O. 1 % below
controlled to maintain a temperature of 105 f 5 "C. 0.5 %.
7.2.4.2.3 A 75 pm BS 410full tolerance test sieve 7.2.5 Fieldsettling test. This is an approximate
and a nesting sieve to protect the 75 pm test sieve, volumetric method, which has its main application
e.g. a 1.18 mm sieve. in the routine checking of supplies of sand from a
given source, when the results can be correlated
7.2.4.2.4 A container of a size sufficient to contain with those obtained by the decantation method; it is
the sample covered with water and to permit not applicable to crushed stone sands or coarse
O vigorous agitation without loss of any part of the
sample or water.
aggregates.
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than in the test for bulk density and voids (see 6.1
h of Part 2) the percentage of voids will be different.
Weaker aggregates may be crushed during
compaction and the results will be anomalous if
this method is applied to any aggregate which
breaks down during the test.
7.5.2 Sampling. The sample for this test shall be taken
in accordance with BS 8 12 : Part 102. I
7.5.3 Apparatus. The following apparatus is
required.
7.5.3.1 A metal cylinder closed at one end, of about
0.003 m3 volume, the diameter and height of which
should be approximately equal (e.g. 150 mm and
150 mm).
The cylinder shall be made from metal of a
thickness not less than 3 mm and shall be of
sufficient rigidity to retain its shape under rough
7.5 Determination of angularity number usage.
7.5.1 General. The angularitynumber is determined 7.5.3.2 A straight metal tamping rod of circular
from the proportion of voids in a sample of cross section 16 mm in diameter and 600 mm long
aggregate after compaction in the specified manner. rounded at one end.
This property is used mainly in the design of mix 7.5.3.3 A balance or scale of capacity 10 kg,
proportions and in research. accurate to I g.
Angularity or absence of rounding of the particles 7.5.3.4 A metal scoop approximately 200 mm x
of an aggregate is a property which is of importance 120 mm x 50 mm (Le. about 1 litre heaped
because it affects the ease of handling of a mixture capacity).
of aggregate and binder (e.g. the workability of
concrete) or the stability of mixtures that rely on 7.5.3.5 BSperforated-plate test sieves from
the interlocking of the particles. The least angular 20.0 mm to 5.00 mm aperture size (but see note
(most rounded) aggregates are found to have about to 7.5.5(a)).
33 % voids and the angularity number is defined as 7.5.4 Calibration of the cylinder. The cylinder shall
the amount by which the percentage of voids be calibrated by determining to the nearest gram
exceeds 33. The angularity number ranges from O the mass of water at 20 f 2 “C required to fill it SQ
to about 12. that no meniscus is present above the rim of the
Since considerably more compactive effort is used container (mass C).
7.5.5 Prcpmitioii qf‘rhe test sariiple. The test sample across the upper edge of the cylinder, and continue
shall be prepared as follows, this finishing process as long as the aggregate does
(a) The amount of aggregate available shall be not lift the rod off the edge of the cylinder on either
sufficient to provide, after separation on the side. Do not push in or otherwise force down the
appropriate pair of sieves, at least 10 kg of the aggregate, and apply no downward pressure to the
predominant size as determined by sieve analysis tamping rod, which shall roll in contact with the
on the BS test sieves. metal on both sides of the cylinder.
The test sample shall consist of aggregate Then weigh the aggregate in the cylinder to the
retained between the appropriate pair of BS test nearest 5 g.
sieves from the following list: Make three separate determinations, and
20.0 mm and 14.0 mm; calculate the mean mass of aggregate in the cylinder
14.0 mm and 10.0 mm; (mass M ) . If the result of any one determination
10.0 mm and 6.30 mm; differs from the mean by more than 25 g, three
6.30 mm and 5.00 mm. additional determinations shall immediately be
NOTE. In testing aggregates larger than 20.0 mm the made on the same material, and the mean of all six
volume of the cylinder should be greater than 0.003 m3, determinations calculated (mass M ) .
but for aggregates smaller than 5.00 mm a smaller cylinder
may be used. The procedure should be the same as with 7.5.7 Calculations. The angularity number of the
the 0.003 m3 cylinder, except that the amount of aggregate shall be calculated from the equation:
compactive effort (mass of tamping rod x height of fall x 100 M
number of blows) should be proportioned to the volume
of rhccylinder used.
Angularity number = 67 - -
CGA
(b) The aggregate to be tested shall be dried for where
at least 24 h in shallow trays in a well ventilated M is the mean mass of aggregate in the
oven at a temperature of 105 f 5 OC,cooled in an cylinder (g);
airtight container and tested. C is the mass ofwater required to fill the
7.5.6 Testprocedure. Fill the scoop and heap it to
cylinder (g);
GA is the relative density on an oven-dried basis
overflowing with the aggregate, which shall be
placed in the cylinder by allowing it to slide gently of the aggregate determined in accordance
off the scoop from the least height possible. with clause 5 of Part 2 of this standard.
Subject the aggregate in the cylinder to 100 blows 7.5.8 Reporthg of results. The angularity number
of the tamping rod at a rate of about two blows per shall be reported to the nearest whole number.
second. .4pply each blow by holding the rod vertical
with its rounded end 50 mm above the surface of
the aggregate and releasing it so that it falls freely.
Do not apply any force to the rod. Evenly distribute
the 100 blows over the surface of the aggregate.
Repeat the process of filling and tamping exactly
as described above with a second and third layer of
aggregate; the third layer shall contain just
sufficient aggregate to fill the cylinder level with the
top edge before tamping.
After the third layer of aggregate has been
tamped, fill the cylinder to overflowing, and strike off
the aggregate level with the top, using the tamping
rod as a straight-edge.
Then add individual pieces of aggregate and
‘roll them in’ to the surface by rolling the tampingrod
8
COPYRIGHT British Standards Institute on ERC Specs and Standards
Licensed by Information Handling Services
__ ~
A -
Section 105. I Flakiness index
'Section 105.2 Elongation index of coarse aggregate
Pari 106 Method for determination ofsliell conte;
A -
i n coarse aggregate
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AMD 6587
Amendment No. 4
published and effective from 30 April 1991
to BS 812 : Part 1 : 1975
Testing aggregates
Part 1. Methods for determination of particle size
and shape