Running head: Importance of Child Treatment

The Impact Child Maltreatment has on the World

Review of Literature
Maribel Dominguez
University of Texas at El Paso

Importance of Child Treatment

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Abstract

Children are part of the worlds society as they are citizens of this world who havent
acquired their infinite strengths. Unfortunately there are millions of children who do not live
under proper conditions, worthy of a child. Child Abuse consists of all forms of emotional,
physical, sexual neglect against a child, these definitely put the child at risk of death, harm,
injury and future mental, emotional and physical damage. Child abuse represents the lack of
adult intervention in the suffering of a child. The wellbeing of a child is a human responsibility
that is often times forgotten. Not only is childs suffrage a human responsibility, but also a global
health issue. It has been recognized the great impact that child adverse experiences have on
adulthood and the great health impacts both mentally and physically that child suffrage can
cause. It is important for every individual to understand the importance of proper child treatment.
Setting child care policies, is a controversial topic for world governments, as each individual
citizen has their own set of norms and values. Even though the accepted norms of child
treatment varies depending on the government, the basic human necessities must be respected. It
is fundamental to have child suffrage as the most important global issues, as it targets the
violation of the basic rights of a human being. Children are the promise of every nation, they
represent the future of the world.

Importance of Child Treatment

The impact child maltreatment has on the world

Review of Literature
The proper treatment of children has been a worldwide issue of the 21 st century. Nations
have united to target worldwide issues yet one of the most important yet ignored issues is child
maltreatment. Even though, each nation has different and particular policies and laws that aid in
the protection of children, there are still millions of children in suffrage. Children across the
globe suffer from mental, physical and emotional abuse along with suffering from hunger and
violence.
There is a division of ideas when stating the importance of child treatment and the impact it has
on the world, there are several pieces of evidence that help validate the importance of child care.
There are plenty of different ideas of what are the proper treatment methods for the care
of children. To date, there are books, articles, magazines and other documents in existence that
have been presented which show the plenty of different thoughts of the best way for a child to be
treated. Unfortunately, the best child treatment is not a universal agreement, every individual
has different standpoints. Research has been proposed and completed presenting different results
of the negative impact that child maltreatment has. This literature review will strive to analyze
the different academic articles that present evidence on the impact that child suffrage can have on
different health issues and the path of the world, by addressing the following four questions:
1.

What laws should be enforced and implemented, to make a worldwide

commitment on child care?

2.

What does the constant suffering many children undergo in their everyday lifes
show lack of compassion in this modern society?

3.

What is the accepted way for unfortunate children around the world to be treated?

Importance of Child Treatment

4.

What have been the effects of child suffrage been on adult life?

These four research questions address the relationship between different worldwide issues
including adult disease, crime, violence and its relation to child suffrage. There has been a great
amount of evidence presenting different investigations, on the relevance child treatment has with
future adulthood issues.
What laws should be enforced and implemented, to make a worldwide commitment on
child care?
Child protecting laws are relatively new, as the care for children has been further studied
and analyzed, the importance of child treatment has been admitted. Laws protecting children are
quite limited, around the world, there are millions of children experiencing different types of
abuse. Nations around the world work on delivering the best laws, policies and law
implementation for the protecting of children. Child protecting laws and the implementation of
many previous laws have been enforced to effectively protect the wellbeing of children.
Child Protection Laws
The laws addressing the rights of children, are the fundamental strategy of governments
and organizations to present the importance of child wellbeing to the rest of the world. It is until
recent years, that the fast spread of information has showed the most brutal cases of child
neglect, presenting the great suffrage of millions of children. Nations across the world have
created child protection laws that aid the in health of children, but in the United States, child
maltreatment is a constant stress factor. The United States nation has child protection laws
addressing different issues that may directly affect a childs life, such as state laws on child
abuse, neglect, welfare and adoption.

Importance of Child Treatment

Child protection laws are in definite existence in the United States, were child neglect is a
continual issue, the US state and local child protective services (CPS) estimated that in the year
2012, about 686,000 children were victims of some kind of child abuse (Suglia et al., 2014, p.2).
The United States enforces the rights of children as child abuse has become a national issue.
Some of the rights of children include the right to be protected from abuse, neglect and any other
type of maltreatment along with the right to adequate food, shelter and clothing. Even though the
rights of children require of basic human necessities, the treatment of children varies depending
on their guardians culture, beliefs and values.
Every region has different norms on how to raise a child. The relatively new boundaries
set by the United States government to protect the rights of children, vary depending on the state.
One notable example is the state of Texas, were it is legal to discipline a child, by hitting the
childs bottom, with anything, as long as the hitting does not pass any other part of the childs
body. Anda and colleagues (2010) expose the lack of child protection programs an intervention
across the globe, as child maltreatment has a broad set of implications for human health
development (p. 92). According to Anda and colleagues child sexual abuse has been included as
a global burden of diseases, only since 2004 stating. Estimates of death and disability
attributable to particular avoidable risk factors, and medical journals have recently begun to
acknowledge the concept of abuse and related it as a major public health issue by raising
awareness of the body of literature that supports this concept (p. 93). The current child protecting
laws have definitely aided in decreasing the number of abused children, but even then, there are
thousands of children in pain, thus calling for the implementation of the current child protecting
laws.
Implementation of Laws

Importance of Child Treatment

Child protection rights are in existence, many rights and laws have aided in the better
treatment of children across the world and in the United States. It is important to note, however,
that many laws require of implementation, as even with the enforcing of child protection,
millions of children, still experience many forms of abuse. Many organizations and
governmental departments have set to the task of implementing the current appropriate process
to find, stop and prevent child neglect. One of the international known organizations publicly
working on the implementation of laws protecting children across the globe is the Center for
Disease Control and Prevention created in 1947 in the Unites States.
In order to take effective action against the abuse of children, it has been noted that
having the proper set of information to figure out the number of children being abused and the
type of abuse they undergo. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) present a
new mode of child wellbeing investigation, VAICS which are the Violence against Children
Surveys that help determine the rates of child violence. VAICS has had a great impact on the
planning the reduction of violence against children. According to the CDC (2012) the president
of Nigeria showed his support by stating "This is a historic day. A day when Nigeria stands up
and says to our childrenwe commit to protecting you from violence" (para.2). It is important to
mention that Nigeria is the first country in Africa to complete VAICS to aid in child abuse
detection.
Early detection of abuse is fundamental, according to experts detect signs of abuse in a
child, before its late to save their mental, physical and emotional wellbeing. Schwebel and
experts (2002) propose a series of steps to take to prevent or possibly decrease the cases on
unintentional injury, for the individuals with the responsibility to care for a child.

Importance of Child Treatment

Just as pediatricians routinely enact primary prevention toward children at increased risk
of disease, child clinicians should enact primary prevention with behavior-disordered
children who are at increased risk for injury. Prevention techniques might include
education of the child and parent on safety issues, investigation and removal of hazards in
the home and community, and alerting school officials to the childs increased risk of
injury. (p. 736)
According to the piece of evidence above, it is a fundamental and crucial factor for the health of
any child, with the privilege of having an adequate home environment is a childs family. It is of
extreme importance as stated by Stuewig and colleagues (2005) to have A warm, supportive
family environment devoid of rejection and harsh criticism may encourage adolescents to take
responsibility for transgressions without generalizing the negative feelings to the entire self (p.
340). Having an adequate support system, that will aid children understand their worth is one of
the best options to raise good citizens of the world.
What does the constant suffering many children undergo in their everyday lifes show lack
of compassion in this modern society?
The wellbeing of a child is a world responsibility that includes every citizen of the world
to take action. The protection of the physical and mental well-being of children, directly protects
the future of this world. Child suffrage has not been abolished, it is a human responsibility to
protect those that cannot yet protect themselves.

With all of the worlds resources and

innovation, there are still millions of children suffering yet there are many organizations who
choose to target other issues. Organizations with focus on child protection that unite every
country with the same mission to protect children have been created across the globe. Citizens of
this world, have a human approach to terminate the suffrage of children all over the world.

Importance of Child Treatment

Humanitarian Approach
Children from developing countries as well as children from well stablished nations
undergo many types of abuse. It is a human approach to help relieve the pain that children
undergo everyday of their short yet painful lives. Many citizens of this world have noted the
irony, that with so many resources, with so many billions of dollars spent on more materialistic
industries, there are still thousands children dying of hunger, violence and abuse. Fortunately,
citizens of different nations have initiated a human approach to help terminate child suffrage.
Still, a human approach to child suffrage may not be as effective without the help of
organizations whose main focus is the wellbeing of children. Global inequalities have been
present since the beginning of time, organizations whose mission is to target global inequalities
have multiplied in the last decades, which state that a humanitarian action is being taken.
The Center for disease control and prevention has proposed several initiatives to target
the child abuse issue. One of the most recent CDC (2012) initiatives presented the public health
agenda of the United Nations, in developing global targeting issue, that could potentially affect
the children all across the globe (para. 1). The United Nations released a list form document that
presented a comprehensive list of Sustainable Development Goals designed to improve global
inequalities by 2030. The CDC document states These goals, ranging from improvements in
economic growth and clean energy to ending world hunger, require that all people from all parts
of the world join together for the common good of humanity (para. 1). Organizations such as
the CDC make a clear message, as seen on the previous statement, that in order to better the lifes
of millions of children, they need global help to terminate their suffrage, fortunately there are
other organizations that too focus on child care.

Importance of Child Treatment

Many organizations and activists are choosing to promote the ending of child suffrage by
suggesting that child suffrage is a strong public health issue, rather than it being a human issue. It
is imperative that child suffrage is terminated or targeted by a human approach to allow the
world to see that child abuse is not accepted, which will help present a strong message to
abusers. Another important milestone that the Center for disease control and prevention
achieved, was creating an International Day (2012) for the Prevention of Child Abuse, in which
they ask that all citizens recognize and set goals to protect the future generations (para. 1). Even
though, the majority of nations have accepted the importance of protecting children, there is still
many individuals who do not accept this issue, experts suggest that informing these individuals
the atrocities that children undergo every day, will aid in the presenting the essential need to end
child suffrage. Presenting the cruel life children have, leads to the questioning of governmental
responsibility and oversight.
Government Responsibility
Child suffrage has been a present issue since the beginning of time. Millions of children
have been abused in the most atrocious ways, but it is until recently that with the many criminal
violence, economic recession and violence that the world has begun to ask the question, what
about children? Why do they have to pay for the government issues? Setting a fault of child
abuse is a controversial topic, yet nation governments are the main entity of fault. The vast
majority believe in the universal thought, that a governments fundamental goal is to protect its
citizens, and children are too citizens that need protection.
Children are citizens of their nation, but they dont have their complete strength or
knowledge to protect their rights as citizens. The status of children as citizens is described as
Undermined, by social welfare interventions and laws that apply levels of control, limitations in

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rights and restrictions in access to certain public spaces that are not imposed on adults (Larkins,
2016, p. 6). It is in this same academic article that the term semi-citizenship is used, to show
that children are citizens for certain topics, but are forgotten for others. Every nation has a
different form to promote the rights of children, it has been noted that European nations focus
more on the perspective that a child has on his or herself in their respected part in their nation.
Children are counted as citizens of their nation, so then why is it that their rights are not
properly protected? According to Caith Larkings (2016), When citizenship is seen as a status
related to national membership or political voting rights, although children are rights holders
according to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), the extent to
which this conveys citizenship upon children is debatable (p. 8). The treatment and proper
discipline of children, will, unfortunately be debatable, but the childs wellbeing should always
be the common interest.
What is the accepted way for unfortunate children around the world to be treated?
Child suffrage is present in every single nation across the world. An important factor to
present is that the type of suffrage may vary, and one form of suffrage may be more prominent
depending on different factors, such as culture, religion and violence. Adding to these important
factors, it is important to understand that abuse severity varies depending on the individual,
what is acceptable for one person, may not be acceptable for another. Experts have noted the
importance of statistical research of child suffrage in every country, as it is a known factor that
the form of abuse each child goes through varies depending on their environment. It is important
to conduct a series of investigation to be able and answer the most controversial questions when
it comes to child treatment that is what is the acceptable treatment of children?
Child Life History

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The treatment of children has definitely changed over the course of time. It is a definite
opinion that the discipline of previous generations was much stricter than the discipline applied
by parents of the 21st century. It is also unfortunately necessary to mention that over the course of
history, there have been brutal cases of child abuse treatment of children that will forever remain
in history. The most well-known cases of child abuse, are the main cause of the implementation
of child rights, which positively impact children suffering abuse as it opened the eyes of
governments, to see child suffrage a violation of human rights.
In order to protect the human rights of children, forms of disciple of a children has
changed from strict to gentle modes of discipline, this does not however mean that child abuse
has ended, but there have been evidence that suggests the decrease of child maltreatment in
traditional households. Hillis, Mercy, Amobi and Kress (2016) analyze the deep effect that
hitting children can have on their brains, more importantly the impact these may have on their
adult life, stating Hitting a child on the buttocks or extremities in the base analysis, we included
these forms in the sensitivity analysis, as evidence suggests spanking is considered a form of
violence, violates rights to protection, can be harmful to development (p. 12). Hitting children
has been the main form of discipline, yet this new generation is working on presenting an
acceptable and more effective modes of child treatment.
Due to the fact that child abuse is a proven global problem, Hillis and colleagues propose
to end all forms of violence against children. Hillis and experts (2016) state the importance of
child treatment across the world, stating childs rights enforced over the year.
Its destructive effects harm children in every country, impacting families, communities,
and nations, and reaching across generations. Recognizing its pervasive and unjust
nature, almost all nations (196) ratified the 1989 United Nations (UN) Convention on the

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Rights of the Child, which recognizes freedom from violence as a fundamental human
right of children. Now, over 25 years later, the UN has launched a new Agenda for
Sustainable Development to end all forms of violence against children (p.2).
Governments have enacted rights for the contribution of the child welfare policy of their
respecting nations. Child are experiencing violence, discrimination and economic recession that
the leaders of their respected governments have caused, are a governmental issue.
Current Child Care around the world
Child suffrage is a public health and human rights problem, which has impactful
consequences, directly transforming child abuse into a social problem that should be both
addressed, and analyzed. Unfortunately there is not one nation in the world free of child
maltreatment. All around the world, children are exploited in different ways, every form of
maltreatment depends of the nations in which the child resides. The acceptable methods and
modes of treatment the neglected children, truly depend on the country where they live, as what
to one country may be acceptable, for another it may not.
Around the world, there are many forms of child abuse, some nations have higher rates of
child employment, rape, prostitution and violence. According to the CDC (2012) found, At least
1 in 4 females and 1 in 10 males have experienced some form of childhood sexual violence in the
majority of countries surveyed. Among victims of childhood sexual violence, few received
healthcare, legal/security aid, or counseling support (para. 3). Experts have noted that even with
the implementation laws there are still immense low rates of modernization, that allow for
human rights to take an effective action.
The child treatment of decades before, is beginning to have its effects, according to
Doctor Felitti, more than half of the recorded suicide attempts are attributed to adverse childhood

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experiences. Based on this piece of evidence, it is evident in other to correct adulthood trauma
and thus better the future of this world. Thus, given our findings, we estimate that violence may
threaten the optimum development of over a billion brains in children, every year (Hillis et al,
2016, p.9). The high rates of suicide and their relationship to children who experienced deep
child abuse show the negative impact child abuse has on adulthood.
What have been the effects of child suffrage been on adult life?
Child treatment is one of the most important yet ignored issues, by society on a
worldwide level. It is unfortunate to see that every issue is presented on social forms, but child
suffrage is left in the dark. Nations have united to address many causes, but the child
maltreatment across the globe, has not been strongly targeted. The reality is that millions of
children are being mistreated on different levels. Children of the world are abused, beaten and
exploded. Research investigations have presented the importance of childhood experiences. It
has been detected, the direct relationship between adulthood wellbeing with the childhood
experiences.
Adulthood Issues Relationship to child suffrage
Research investigations have presented the importance of childhood experiences. It has
been detected, the direct relationship between adulthood wellbeing with the childhood
experiences. Setting the factual relationship with the health issues adults who suffered from
abuse in their childhood, can aid in setting the importance for combating child suffrage across
the world. Child protection should be a global goal, as child suffrage has an impactful domino
effect on the world. However, extreme maltreatment of children, is not the only mistreatment on
children; it is important to mention that often times, children raised in a stable households suffer

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from psychological maltreatment. It is fundamental that we all as adults take the responsibility to
learn to treat children properly.
The infant lives of all individuals have is a strong determinant of their adulthood lives.
Research shows that the wellbeing of a nations can be directly predicted by the childhood
experiences its citizens experiences, as they are the most important determinants of the
adulthood wellbeing (Felitti, 2002, p. 46). Hillis, Mercy, Amobi and Kress (2016) state,
Evidence confirms associations between childhood violence and major causes of abstract
mortality in adulthood. A synthesis of data on past-year prevalence of violence against children
will help advance the United Nations call to end all violence against children (p. 2).
Investigations have suggested that an adult who had a relatively happy childhood has
greater possibility of a better lives. The U.S.A. Surgeon General (2016) states The implications
are that real-world childhood trauma may be responsible for many psychopathologies usually
considered to have endogenous origins, including various kinds of phobic, depressive, anxiety
and eating disorders, not to mention borderline personality, antisocial personality and multiple
personality disorder (para. 3). Child mistreatment is a world issue, as it repreussion of the future
leaders of the globe.
World Issues
Child suffrage is not only a human issue, but a public health one. Child suffrage is
believed to be a global threat to humanity. A certain part of the population of the world believe
that the brutal unacceptable treatment of children is not their battle to fight, as it is believed that
parents should only care for their own children. In spite of these type of selfish believes, data
gathered from different investigations focusing on child suffrage, prove the direct impact child
abuse has on every individual of the world.

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Violence against Children Surveys project the high levels of HIV lack of testing among
children who have been abused (CDC, 2012, para 5). This academic article provides the great
importance of child treatment, for the health of the entire globe. The CDC, provides statistical
data, which shows how many abused children are infected with the HIV virus. As noted, this
issue can cause an epidemic that must be prevented. The CDC, provides statistical data, which
shows how many abused children are infected with the HIV virus. As noted, this issue can cause
an epidemic that must be prevented.
Diseases such as HIV, which children are contaminated with as they are exposed on being
raped or being children of children who were too, raped there therefor were exposed to the
unwanted disease. Anda, Butchart, Felitti and Brown (2010) provide a more argumentative view
of the real cause of adulthood illness, rather than choosing childhood trauma as the main factor,
stating A growing body of epidemiologic evidence suggests that genotypes can modify
sensitivity to environmental adversity (p. 96). There is a controversial viewpoint on what the
governments should do, to protect those children that no one claims as their own.
CONCLUSION:
To conclude this review of, it is of great importance to reinstate the four research
questions as they were the focus of this review. The four research questions mentioned below
allow for the reader to focus on the fundamental effects of child suffrage.
1. What laws should be enforced and implemented, to make a worldwide commitment on
child care?
2. What does the constant suffering many children undergo in their everyday lifes show
lack of compassion in this modern society?
3. What is the accepted way for unfortunate children around the world to be treated?
4. What have been the effects of child suffrage been on adult life?

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These four research questions allowed for the subtopics of child rights, implementation of child
rights, government responsibility, worldwide health issues, current acceptable child treatment,
the history of child treatment and the humanitarian approach to be addressed thigh the gathering
of credible evidence.
Human intervention to the protection of children is fundamental in order to terminate his
suffrage. Every citizen of the world should set the value of protecting the life of a children. Any
human being shouldnt be denied their basic and innate human rights, and children are being
denied of these. This review of literature came to the conclusion of the importance of both
governmental and humanitarian intervention. Protecting those who cannot protect themselves
because a responsibility for the individual witnessing the abuse.
In is a fundamental that effective governmental intervention in the protection of children.
Governments around the world have united in enforcing and implementing the rights of children.
The United Nations have united to implement child protection policies, such as setting the
International Day for the Prevention of Child Abuse on November 19th. Even with the unity of
nations, it is though this review of literature that important factors that become controversial
when setting child protection policies, is that every individual has a different view on what is the
acceptable or proper way to treat children. The treatment of children is a topic that requires
further investigation, as the mistreatment of children has a strong impact on their adult life.
Suffering as children or having adverse child trauma has been directly related to
adulthood issues. The U.S, Surgeon General states that any experience of abuse of any kind as a
child, can have mental damage that on adult life. The implications of child suffrage are the real
world issues of today, they can be seen in this generation as the great violence occurring all
around the world, spread of disease and psychological disorders. Children deserve to live in

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proper environment, where they are fed, clothed, educated and cared for. Through the collection
of academic investigations, it was possible to present the powerful effects that child abuse has on
the world.
This review of literature focused on several factors that both contribute to the issue of
child abuse/neglect. Child abuse is a human responsibility, evidence have suggested that this
issue is equally as important as other health and worldwide health issues. It was through a series
of collection of academic articles both systematic and investigation that this review of literature
was performed. The scholarly articles used to the gathering of evidence that aided in answering
each research question with legitimate data, where of different viewpoints and focused on
different issues.

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