US History

Part A Review

Units we studied in Part A

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Colonialism
Revolution
Articles of Confederation
Constitution
The Early Republic
Westward Expansion
Civil War

Colonialism
Spanish settled Florida and the South West
13 English Colonies
Came to the colonies for
Gold
Glory
God

1st successful colony is Jamestown (Virginia)

1st colony is Roanoke. No one knows what happened
1st colony founded for religious reasons is Plymouth
(pilgrims)

Revolution
Chain of Events
1. French & Indian War
2. Proclamation line of 1763
3. Stamp Acts/Townshend Acts
4. Boston Massacre
5. Tea Act
6. Boston Tea Party
7. Intolerable Acts
8. 1st Continental Congress
9. 2nd Continental Congress
10.Declaration of independence

Revolutionary War Battles

Lexington & Concord- first shots of the war (no
one is sure who fired first)
Bunker Hill- first major battle of the war, the
colonist lose but they do more damage than
the British thought possible
Saratoga- 1st colonial victory, convinces the
French to join on the colonists side (navy,
troops & money)
York Town- Cornwallis surrenders to Washington
Treaty of Paris

Articles of Confederation
Created during the war to align the
colonies against the British.
It was good for that but bad for anything
else

Did not create 1 country, created 13

separate ones
Becomes clear that it would not work

Parts of the Articles

Congress- the only branch they had
Powers
Could raise an army in times of war
Could pass laws

Powers they didnt have

Tax- had to ask the states for money
Enforce its laws- had to ask the states to
do it

Shays Rebellion
We still owed the French for their help in the
Revolutionary War
When Massachusetts began seizing farms a
group of protesters (1200 farmers) marched
on the federal arsenal
The Rebellion was unsuccessful but it did
show that we needed a stronger central
government

The constitution

3 branches of government
The rules for changing it
The bill of rights
The other Amendments

Congress
House of
Representatives
Requirements
25 years old
7 yrs a citizen
Live where you
represent

Powers
Vote on laws
All tax bills start in the
House
Hold trials of
impeachment

Senate
Requirements
30 yrs old
9 yrs a citizen
Live in the state you
represent

Powers
Approve presidential
appointments
Approve treaties
Vote on all laws
Vote to remove or not
after an impeachment

President
Requirements
35
Natural born citizen
14yrs in the country

Powers
Commander in
Chief of the armed
forces
But the cant declare
war

Chief diplomat
Appoints judges
and justices
Enforces the laws

Supreme Court
Requirements
Nominated by
president and
approved by the
senate

Powers
To interpret the
constitution
JUDICIAL REVIEWcan declare any act
of government to
be
unconstitutional.

Amending the Constitution

There are a few ways but the only
one that ever comes up is
2/3 of both houses of congress +
of state governments = an
amendment

The young republic

Adams -XYZ affair, sedition acts

Jefferson - Louisiana Purchase
Madison - War of 1812
Monroe - Monroe doctrine
Jackson - trail of tears
Nullification
Bank war
Spoils system

Westward Expansion
Manifest Destiny- the idea that it was Americas
destiny to spread from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Many people leave the east coast and head west
1. Homestead act- government gives land to people to
who promise to farm on it
2. Gold Rush- 1849 gold is discovered in California
many go to get rich quick
3. Transcontinental railroad- unites the east and west
making the trip quicker than ever also creates a
demand for people to help build the railroad

Westward Expansionism
As more states are added out west it
leads to 2 problems
Sectionalism- allegiance to your region
over the nation
Slavery- are new states going to be
slave or free?

Main cause of the Civil WarRegionalism

North

Industrialized
More factories
More trains
No slavery

Military advantage
All of the navy is in
the north

Agrarian (farmers)
South
Slavery

Military advantage
Most of the war
colleges are in the
south
Knew the land much
better

Francis Cabot Lowell

The War of 1812 boosted American industry
because Americans could not get foreign
goods
Francis Cabot Lowell, a Boston merchant,
noticed that British textile mills had spinning
in one factory and weaving in another
His idea was to combine both of the ideas
in one mill

Lowell, Massachusetts
After Lowell died,
his partners took
his
idea one step
further
and created a
community of
10,000
people.
Lowell
National
Park

Lowell Girls
To work in the mills, the
company hired young
women from nearby towns
Usually worked for a few
years before returning to
marry
Were the highest paid
female workers in the U.S.
made between $1.85 and
$3 per week

The company built

boardinghouses and had
rules to protect the
women

Girl at a loom
Advertisement
for Lowell Mills

Slavery
The south feared Lincoln would
outlaw slavery
South Carolina was the first state to
secede
Lincoln didnt actually make ending
slavery a specific goal of the war
until the Emancipation Proclamation
Which didnt actually free any slaves
but made it a clear goal of the north

Westward Expansion and Conflicts

Missouri compromise 1820
Compromise of 1850
Kansas Nebraska Act
All of these were attempts to decide the line
between slave and free
In the end it was decided that it should be decided
by popular soverignty

Dredd Scott Decision- said slaves were

property and could not sue in court. Ending all
hopes of slaves winning freedom in the courts.

Causes of War
Free and slave
states
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Kansas/Nebraska Act
Sectional Conflicts
Dredd Scott
Harpers Ferry
Lincoln Elected
Southern Secession

Lincolns Goals
Before the War
1. Preserve the
Union- keep states
from seceding.
During The War
2. Emancipation
Proclamation.

Advantages
Union (North)
1. More Resources:
people, food,
factories.
2. More extensive
railroad system.

Confederacy
(South)
1. King Cotton
2. Better Generals
3. Highly motivated
troops.

Strategy
Union
1. Navy blockade
southern ports to
blockade ports.
2. Riverboats and
armies move up
and down
Mississippi to split
south in half.
3. Capture
Richmond!

Confederacy
1. Mostly defensive,
fight on home
court.
2. Attack North if
opportunity arose.

The fighting
Most was on the boarder and in the south
The new riffle led to better accuracy= more
death
Photographs- newspaper covered the war
with greater realism than ever
Telegraph- allowed the north to communicate
much more efficiently than the south
Trains- allowed the north to move troops and
supplies with far greater efficiency than the
south

Anaconda Plan

Reconstruction
What is Reconstruction?

What were the three plans proposed

for Reconstruction?
Lincoln (10%)
Congressional
Johnson

The Civil War (or Civil Rights)

Amendments
13th
14th
15th

Westward Expansion
Go West Young Man!
Dawes Act
Wounded Knee
Homestead Act
Exodusters