E CUACIONES D IFERENCIALES O RDINARIAS

Formulario: Transformada de Laplace

Andrs Merino

Definiciones

1. Transformada de Laplace:

[ f (t)] =

(x) =

( x, y) =

est f (t) dt.

2. Funcin Gamma:

3. Funcin Beta:

Z 1
0

et t x1 dt.

u x1 (1 u)y1 du.

4. Funcin de Heaviside o funcin de salto unitario:

(
1 si t > a,
u(t a) =
0 si t < a.
5. Convolucin:
f (t) g(t) =

Z t

f (u) g(t u) du.

6. Delta de Dirac

(
(t a) =

Principales transformadas

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

s
,
s2 + a2
a
,
[sen at] = 2
s + a2
s
,
[cosh at] = 2
s a2
a
,
[senh at] = 2
s a2

[cos at] =


e at =

1
,
sa

s > 0,
s > 0,
s > | a |,
s > | a |,

s > a,

si t = a,
si t 6= a.

 ( + 1)
,
s +1

6.

[t ] =

7.

[tn ] =

8.

[(t a)] = eas ,

9.

[u(t a)] =

3
3.1

n!
s n +1

> 1 y s > 0,
n N y s > 0,

para todo s,

eas
,
s

s > 0.

Propiedades
Funcin Gamma

G1. ( x + 1) = x ( x ),
 

1
G2.
= ,
2
G3. (n + 1) = n!, para todo n N.

3.2

Funcin Beta
( x ) (y)
.
B1. ( x, y) =
( x + y)
3.3

Funcin de Heaviside o funcin de salto unitario

U1.

f 1 (t) si
t < t1 ,

f 2 (t) si t1 t < t2 ,
f (t) =
f 3 (t) si t2 t < t3 ,

..
..
.
.
f (t) = f 1 (t) + u(t t1 )[ f 2 (t) f 1 (t)] + u(t t2 )[ f 3 (t) f 2 (t)] + .

3.4

Convolucin

C1. [ f (t) g(t)] h(t) = f (t) [ g(t) h(t)],

C2. f (t) g(t) = g(t) f (t).

3.5

Delta de Dirac

D1. u0 (t a) = (t a),
D2.

Z b
a

(
f (t)(n) (t t0 ) dt =

f ( n ) ( t0 )
0

si t0 ( a, b),
si t0 6 ( a, b).

3.6

Transformada de Laplace

L1. Linealidad: La transformada de Laplace tiene inversa, y ambas son lineales.

L2. Transformada de la derivada:


L f 0 (t) = sL [ f (t)] f (0),


L f 00 (t) = s2 L [ f (t)] s f (0) f 0 (0),
h
i
n
L f (n) (t) = sn L [ f (t)] sni f (i1) (0).
i =1

L3. Transformada de la integral:

L
L

Z
0


f ( ) d =

1
L [ f (t)] ,
s

 Z t
1
L 1 [ (s)] dt.
(s) =
s
0

L4. Traslacin en la base:




e at f (t) = L [ f (t)] 

s=s a

L 1 [ (s a)] = eat L 1 [ (s)] .

L5. Derivada de la transformada:


dn 
L
f
(
t
)]
,
[
dsn

[tn f (t)] = (1)n

L 1

i
(n) (s) = (1)n tn

L 1 [ (s)] .

L6. Traslacin:

L
L 1

[u(t a) f (t a)] = eas L [ f (t)] ,



1

eas (s) = u(t a) L [ (s)] 

t=t a

L7. Funcin peridica: (con periodo p)

Z p

[ f (t)] =

est f (t) dt

1 e ps

L8. Convolucin:

[ f (t) g(t)] = L [ f (t)] L [ g(t)] ,

L 1 [ (s)(s)] = L 1 [ (s)] L 1 [(s)] .

3