1.

Calcular y representar los diagramas de esfuerzo cortante y momento flector en las ocho
vigas siguientes:

Viga (a):

Equilibrio esttico:

FV = 0 A y = 0
M A = 0 M A = P L

Equilibrio elstico:

! S1 (0 x < L ) :

FV = 0 V y = A y V y = 0
M x = 0 M z = M A + A y x

M z = PL

Diagrama de esfuerzo cortante y momento flector:

Pgina 3 de 16

Viga (b):

Equilibrio esttico:

FV = 0 A y = P
M A = 0 M A = PL

Equilibrio elstico:

! S1 (0 x < L ) :

FV = 0 V y = A y V y = P
M x = 0 M z = M A + A y x
M z 0 = P L
M z = P L + P x
M z L = 0

Recta

Diagrama de esfuerzo cortante y momento flector:

Pgina 4 de 16

Viga (c):

Equilibrio esttico:

FV = 0 A y = P
M A = 0 M A = P L + P L
MA =0

Equilibrio elstico:

! S1 (0 x < L ) :

FV = 0 V y = A y V y = P
M x = 0 M z = M A + A y x
M z 0 = 0
M z = Px
M z L = P L

Recta

Diagrama de esfuerzo cortante y momento flector:

Pgina 5 de 16

Viga (d):

Equilibrio esttico:

FV = 0 A y + B y + P = P A y = B y [ 1]
P
M A = 0 P L = P 2 L + B y 3L B y = 3
Sustituimos en [ 1]:

[ 1]

Ay =

P
3

Equilibrio elstico:

! S1 (0 x < L ) :

FV = 0 V y = A y V y = 3
M x = 0 M z = Ay x

M z0 = 0
P
M z = x
3 M z = PL
L
3

Recta

! S 2 (L x < 2L ) :

FV = 0 V y = A y P V y = 3 P
M x = 0 M z = A y x P (x L )

Vy =

PL

Mz =
L
2P

3
Mz =
x + P L
PL
3
M
z 2L =
3

2P
3

Recta

! S 3 (0 x' < L ) :

FV = 0 V y = B y
M x = 0 M z = B y x'
Mz =

Vy =

P
3

M z0 = 0
P
x'
P L Recta
3
M zL =
3

Pgina 6 de 16

Diagrama de esfuerzo cortante y momento flector:

Pgina 7 de 16

Viga (e):

Equilibrio esttico:

FV

P
P
L+ L
L
L
A y = 2 P B y [ 1]

= 0 Ay + B y =

L P

M A = 0 L L 2 + L L 2 L + 2 = B y 3L

6PL
= B y 3L B y = P
2

Sustituimos en [ 1]:

[ 1]

A y = 2P P A y = P

Equilibrio elstico:

! S1 (0 x < L ) :

FV

P
x
L
P V y 0 = P
V y = P x
L V yL = 0

= 0 V y = Ay

Recta

M x = 0 M z = A y x L x 2
P x2
M z = Px
2L

Mximo parbola

M z0 = 0
M zL =

PL
2

Parbola

dM z
P
PL
=0 P x = 0 x = L Mz =
L
dx
L
2

! S 2 (L x < 2L ) :

P
P
L Vy = P L Vy = 0
L
L
P
L

M x = 0 M z = A y x L x
2

FV

= 0 V y = Ay

M z = Px Px+

PL
PL
Mz =
2
2

Pgina 8 de 16

! S 3 (0 x' < L ) :

FV

P
x'
L
P V y 0 = P
V y = P + x'
L VyL = 0

= 0 V y = B y +

Recta

x'

M x = 0 M z = B y x' L x' 2
P x' 2
M z = P x'
2L

Mximo parbola

M z0 = 0

PL
M zL =
2

Parbola

dM z
P
PL
= 0 P x' = 0 x' = L M z =
L
dx'
L
2

Diagrama de esfuerzo cortante y momento flector:

Pgina 9 de 16

Viga (f):

Equilibrio esttico:

FV

P
2L P
L
A y = B y + P [ 1]

= 0 Ay = B y +

M A = 0 B y 2 L = P 3L B y =

3P
2

Sustituimos en [ 1]:

[ 1]

Ay =

3P
5P
+ P Ay =
2
2

Equilibrio elstico:

! S1 (0 x < L ) :

FV

= 0 Vy =

P V y 0 = 0
x
L V y L = P

Recta

M x = 0 M z = L x 2
P x2
Mz =
2 L

Mximo parbola

M z0 = 0

PL
M zL =
2

Parbola

dM z
P
= 0 x = 0 x = 0 M z0 = 0
dx
L

! S 2 (L x < 2L ) :

FV

= 0 V y = Ay

P
x
L

3P

VyL =

5P P
2
Vy =
x
P
2 L
Vy
=
2L

2
P

Recta

M x = 0 M z = A y (x L ) L x 2
5P
5P L P x 2
Mz =
x

2
2
2 L

Mximo parbola

PL

M z L = 2

PL
M
z 2L =

Parbola

dM z
5P P
5L
=0
x =0 x =
Fuera intervalo
dx
2 L
2

Pgina 10 de 16

! S 3 (2 L x < 3L ) :

FV

= 0 V y = Ay

P
5P
P
2L V y =
2P V y =
L
2
2
P

M x = 0 M z = A y (x L ) L 2 L (x L )
PL

P
P L M z 2L =
2
Mz = x

2
2 M
=
P
L
z 3L

Recta

! S 4 (0 x' < L ) :

FV

=0

Vy = P

M z 0 = 0
M x' = 0 M z = P x'
M z L = P L

Recta

Diagrama de esfuerzo cortante y momento flector:

Pgina 11 de 16

Viga (g):

Equilibrio esttico:

P L
P
Ay =
L 2
2
P L L L
M A = 0 M A = P L + +
L 2 2 4
P 3L
11P L
M A = P L + M A =
2 4
8

FV

= 0 Ay =

Equilibrio elstico:

! S1 0 x <

L
:
2

FV

= 0 V y = Ay V y =

P
2

M x = 0 M z = M A + A y x

11P L P
Mz =
+ x
8
2

11P L
8
9P L
MzL =
8
Mz

Recta

! S 2 0 x' < :
2

V y0 = 0
P
P
FV = 0 V y = x'
L VyL =
2

2
P

Recta

x'

M x' = 0 M z = L x' 2
P x' 2
Mz =
2L

Mximo parbola

M z0 = 0

PL
M
=
zL
8

Parbola

dM z
P
= 0 x' = 0 x' = 0 M z = 0
0
dx'
L

Pgina 12 de 16

Diagrama de esfuerzo cortante y momento flector:

Pgina 13 de 16

Viga (h):

Equilibrio esttico:

FV

P
3L
L
A y = 4 P B y [ 1]

= 0 Ay + B y = P +

3L
2
9P L
11P
B y 4L = P L +
By =
2
8

M A = 0 B y 4 L + P L = P 2 L + L 3L

Sustituimos en [ 1]:

[ 1]

A y = 4P

11P
21P
Ay =
8
8

Equilibrio elstico:

! S1 (0 x < L ) :

FV

= 0 V y = Ay

P
x
L

21P

Vy =

0
21P P
8
Vy =
x
13P
8
L
V
=
y L
8
P

Recta

M x = 0 M z = Ay x L x 2
21P
P x2
Mz =
x
8
2L

Mximo parbola

M z0 = 0

17 P L
M zL =
8

Parbola

dM z
21P P
21L
=0
x = 0 x =
Fuera intervalo
dx
8
L
8

Pgina 14 de 16

! S 2 (L x < 2L ) :

FV

= 0 V y = Ay

P
x
L

13P

V
=
21P P y L
8
Vy =
x
5P
8
L
V
=
y 2 L
8
P

Recta

M x = 0 M z = A y x P L L x 2
21P
P x2
Mz =
x P L
8
2L

Mximo parbola

9P L

M z L = 8

9P L
M
z 2L =
4

Parbola

dM z
21P P
21L
=0
x =0 x =
Fuera intervalo
dx
8
L
8

! S 3 (2 L x < 3L ) :

FV

P
x
L
3P

V
=
13P P y 2 L
8
Vy =
x
11P
8
L
V
=
y 3L
8

= 0 V y = Ay P

Recta

M x = 0 M z = A y x P L P(x 2 L) L x 2
13P
P x2
Mz =
x+ PL
8
2 L

Mximo parbola

9P L

M z 2 L = 4
Parbola

11P L
M
z 3L =

dM z
13P P
13L
=0
x =0 x =
Fuera intervalo
dx
8
L
8

Pgina 15 de 16

! S 4 (0 x' < L ) :

FV

=0

Vy = By Vy =

11P
8

M x' = 0 M z = B y x'
Mz =

M z0 = 0
11P
x'
11P L
8
M zL =
8

Recta

Diagrama de esfuerzo cortante y momento flector:

Pgina 16 de 16