Human vs The Apple Tree

Presented By
Teresa Burrell, Amanda King-Robinson, & Brenda Pierce

A Discussion on Similarities and Differences

The Common Apple Tree

Originated in Old World--Probably
western Asia

Brought to North America before 1800

Planted in southern Canada & United
States
Grows wild in the eastern U.S., the Pacific
states, & southern Canada
Deciduous tree bearing edible fruit
Dark green foliage, white with pink

tinged flower

(Malus domestica)

Environment
The apple tree is not picky about where it will
grow.
It is found between 0 to 8,202 ft above sea level.
It thrives on well drained soil.

Is most abundant in temperate areas.

Is grown all over the world.

Evolutionary History/Adaptation
Developed fruit that surrounds the seeds to protect
them.The sweetness of the fruit entices organisms to eat
it and then defecate the seeds to help distribute them.
Developed flowers that produce nectar. The nectar attracts
birds and bees which help carry pollen from other plants
to the tree and vice versa helping with pollination of the
tree.
Developed vascular cambium which helps to provide a
strong support for the tree along with transporting food
and water throughout the tree.

TAxonomy of tree vs.Human

Malus domestica
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Malus
Species: Malus domestica

Homo sapiens
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens

Respiratory System
Trees breath CO2 in through their
leaves. Chlorophyll absorbs CO2
and uses it along with water to
dissolve minerals taken up through
the roots. After the chemical
reaction is completed, the leaf
releases oxygen and water vapors
through it pores.
Humans take in Oxygen through
nose and mouth. The oxygen then
travels through the Trachea to the
lungs where it goes through the
bronchi to the Alveoli. The
circulatory system then exchanges
oxygenated blood for CO2 and then
we breath out the CO2

The Nervous System

Unlike humans plants do not have a
nervous system. Although plants don't
have nerves, plants cells are capable of
generating electrical impulses called
action potentials, just as nerve cells in
animals do. In fact, all biological cells are
electrical.

Skeletal system
The skeletal system in humans
gives us shape and support. It also
protects our internal organs.
The heartwood part of a tree would
be considered the skeletal part. It
forms the core of the tree, is made
of deadwood, and provide strength
and support.

Muscular System
Tree do not have muscles, however, the trunk of a tree is
similar to the human muscle system. The trunk of a tree
provides support and is used as pipesto transport nutrients
to the leaves and sugar from the leaves to the rest of the tree.
This is similar to how our muscular system which is an organ
system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. It
permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and
circulates blood throughout the body.

Circulatory System
Both Humans and
Apple trees have
vascular systems
that carry water
and nutrients
throughout the
body.

Heart and Transpiration

The heart muscle
pumps the blood
through the right
atrium and ventricle
through the lungs to
oxygenate the blood
then out through the
body....
But a tree doesnt
have muscles so how
does it pump?

Transpiration is when
water on the surface of a
spongy and palisade cells
inside the leaf evaporates
and then diffuses out of
the leaf.
As more water is lost more
water is drawn up through
the plant to replace it.
It is like a drinking
straw, producing a flow of
water and dissolved
minerals from root to
leaves.

Xylem vessel

Aorta and Carotid artery

The Aorta and Carotid Artery

supply and drain the whole body
system.

This system
transports water
and dissolved
minerals from
the soil next to
the roots up to
the trunk to the
branches. The
living xylem
transports water
and minerals for
only one year.
After a year the
xylem dies and
becomes wood
(dead xylem)
while a new
outer layer of
living xylem
forms.

Innermost layer of the three circulatory tissues

Bone Marrow and cambium

A thin layer of Cambium surrounds the outermost

ring of the living xylem. Cambium is made of a few
layers of living cells that produce both new xylem
and phloem.

Digestion added by Circulatory systems

Phloem Vessel

Circulatory
During digestion, complex sugars are
broken down into monosaccharides and
absorbed into the bloodstream. They are
then carried to the rest of her body parts.

Phloem is a
thin layer of
tissues
surrounds the
outside of the
cambium
layer.Phloem is
made of hollow
living tube like
cells that form
an energy, or
food, transport
system.
The phloem has tubelike cells that act as pipes
to transport dissolved sugars, from the leaves
to the rest of the plant. These sugars provide
energy to the different parts of a tree.

Digestion
Human

Tree

Breaks down food

into small
components that
can be absorb
into your small
intestines.

Absorbs CO2
and sunlight
through
photosynthesis
making sugar
to feed the
tree.

Both require H20 and working closely with

the Circulatory System to distribute the
needed nutrients for survival!

Nutrition
Both Apple Trees and Humans need water and micronutrients

Both require H20 in

order to digest their
nutrients!

We both need nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,magnesium, to survive.

The Excretory System

Human

Apple Tree

Fun facts about Apple tree waste...

Stores waste product in
leaves and bark...It is
disposed of when they
fall off the tree.

Tannin

The only major

gaseous
Unripened fruits are high in tannin content.
The high tannin content discourages fruit

excretory

eating animals from consuming the fruit until

product is

the seeds are mature and ready for dispersal.

oxygen!

As the fruit ripens the tannin content lessens.

Reproductive System

Lets get it on
Let
get it on

Sexual
life cycle of an Angiosperm
Angiosperm
Angiosperm

Stam
Stamen---- MaleParts

Malus domestica is self-incompatible

and must be cross-pollinated to
develop fruit.

Pollen is carried from one flower to

another on a different tree by
pollinators (bees).
The apple tree has a life cycle with an
alternation of generations
(Haploid,Diploid).

 Testes
Epididymis
Vas
deferens
Seminal
vesicle
Prostate
Urethra
Penis

Angiosperm Reproduction

Double
Fruit

Biotic Vector

Triploid
Endosperm

Sexual Reproduction

Pollinators

Human Reproduction
Female Reproductive
System

Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina

Over exposing the integumentary system

Purpose:
Protection
Maintain homeostasis
First line of defense
(lymphatic System)

Man vs. Tree

Lymphatic system

Purification System

Endocrine System
Tree Growth Hormones
Plant growth regulators are hormones that work in concert:
Auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, abscisic acid...etc.

Environmental Triggers:
Budbreak | Leaf fall | Seed germination | Geotropism | Phototropism

Human Endocrine System

Group of ductless glands that regulate body processes by
secreting hormones that act on nearby tissues or are
carried by the bloodstream to act on specific target

Hormones are self-produced in the body and translocated to where they affect growth and development
Change in balance of auxin
and ethylene
controls leaf abscission, this
causes
old leaf or ripe fruit to drop.

How do trees grow?

Tree trunks and branches grow thicker
as new cells are added beneath the
bark
These cells make up vessels, called
xylem and phloem
Xylem carries water and nutrient from
the roots to the leaves
Trees grow in 3 places:
At the twig tips (meristem).
At the root tips (meristem).
Around the outside of the trunk,

The exchange and transport systems in plants

Plant cells contain a number of organelles not found in animal cells

Chloroplasts
Bigger and fatter than mitochondria,
chloroplasts are where photosynthesis takes
place, so are only found in photosynthetic
organisms.
Like mitochondria they are enclosed by a
double membrane, but chloroplasts also have a
third membrane called the thylakoid membrane.
The thylakoid membrane is folded into thylakoid
disks, which are then stacked into piles called
grana. The space between the inner membrane
and the thylakoid is called the stroma.
The thylakoid membrane contains chlorophyll
and chloroplasts also contain starch grains,
ribosomes and circular DNA.

References
http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Homo_sapiens/classification/
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/plants-cannot-think-and-remember-but-theres-nothing-stupid-about-them-theyre-shockingly-sophisticated/
http://bobbledybooks.com/theme-of-the-month-trees/
http://clipart.me/premium-healthcare-medical/leaf-lung-51878
http://elmcare.com/trees/how_trees_breathe.htm
http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/TreePhys.htm
http://slideplayer.com/slide/6115929/
http://texasforestservice.tamu.edu/uploadedFiles/TFSMain/Learn_and_Explore/Conservation_Education_Resources/Tree_Trails/4.2%20Tree%20Parts.pdf
http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/apple-straw-1858382.jpg
http://www.biologydiscussion.com/essay/excretion-in-animals-humans-and-plants-with-diagram/1570
http://www.biologyreference.com/Ho-La/Hormones-Plant.html#ixzz44hJob700
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/structure-of-the-human-respiratory-system.html
http://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/trees-shrubs/tree-fertilization-guide/
http://www.floridasnature.com/landscape/autograph_tree.htm
http://www.oplin.org/tree/fact%20pages/apple_common/apple_common.html
http://www.plantinfo.co.za/plant.php?plant=Malus%20domestica
http://www.polyvore.com/skulls_bones/collection?id=2445494
http://www.slideshare.net/RichardBader/plant-adaptations-bd-mod
https://8salembodysystems.wikispaces.com/Circulatory+System
https://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2012/paukert_ryan/adaptation.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_system
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/428053139557020236/
https://www.pinterest.com/sofiagomez1/nervous-system/

Glossary

Abscisic Acid- a plant hormone that assists in development processes

Angiosperm-a plant that has flowers and produces seeds enclosed within a carpel.
Animalia- taxonomic Kingdom comprised of all animals
Auxin- a plant hormone that causes the elongation of cells in shoots and is involved in regulating plant growth.
Cambium-a cellular plant tissue from which phloem, xylem, or cork grows by division, resulting in secondary thickening.
Chlorophyll-a green pigment, present in all green plants
Chordata-any of a phylum (Chordata) of animals having at least at some stage of development a notochord, dorsally situated central
nervous system, and gill clefts and including the vertebrates, lancelets, and tunicates.

Cytokinin-a class of plant growth substances that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.
Deciduous-shedding its leaves annually
Defecate- discharge feces from the body
Ethylene-plant growth substance (phytohormone, plant hormone), involved in promoting growth
Eukarya-a domain of organisms having cells each with a distinct nucleus within which the genetic material is contained
Geotropism-the growth of the parts of plants with respect to the force of gravity.
Gibberellins-any of a group of plant hormones that stimulate stem elongation, germination, and flowering.
Heartwood-the dense inner part of a tree trunk, yielding the hardest timber
Hominidae-members are known as great apes or hominids, are a taxonomic family of primates
Homo-A genus comprised of primates characterized by bipedalism, skills in tool usage, and large cranial capacity.
Homo sapien-Homo is the human genus, which also includes Neanderthals and many other extinct species of hominid; H. sapiens is the
only surviving species of the genus Homo.

Lenticels-one of many raised pores in the stem of a woody plant that allows gas exchange between the atmosphere and the
internal tissues

Glossary cont.

Magnoliopsida-a valid botanical name for a class of flowering plants.

Magnoliophyta-comprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary
Malus-is a genus of about 3055 species of small deciduous apple trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae
Malus domestica-A cultivated deciduous tree in the rose family, native to Eurasia and having alternate simple leaves and white or pink
flowers.
Mammalia-warm-blooded higher vertebrates (as placentals, marsupials, or monotremes) that nourish their young with milk secreted by
mammary glands, have the skin usually more or less covered with hair, and include humans.
Nectar-a sugary fluid secreted by plants, especially within flowers to encourage pollination by insects and other animals.
Phloem-the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.
Photosynthesis-the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and
water.
Phototropism-the orientation of a plant or other organism in response to light
Plantae-the taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct plants
Pollen-a fine powdery substance, typically yellow, consisting of microscopic grains discharged from the male part of a flower or from a male
cone
Pollination-a process in which pollen is transferred to the female reproductive organs of seed plants
Primate-any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs,
monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans.
Rosaceae- is a medium-sized family of flowering plants
Rosales-an order of dicotyledonous plants having flowers with the petals separate
Transpiration-the process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through pores in their leaves.
Xylem-the vascular tissue in plants that conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root and also helps to form the woody
element in the stem.