Different motors:

DC motor: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAtPHANEfQo
coil in magnetic field induced with current that flips when the motor
turns (brushes connected to ends of the coils):
add coils to make smoother motion (usually encased in steel)
Magnetic current induced from other coils:
-in parallel (shunt motor): good start, drops with load
-in series (series motor): low starting speed, but won't slow down
Also produce Back-EMF: voltage appears in opposite direction. Used by
generators: they tap into this voltage
This makes heat: need a fan...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PDRJKzmqE&feature=iv&src_vid=LAtPHANEfQo&annotation_id=annotation_145077053
Universal motor: special DC series motor that can also run on AC:
The magnetic field also reverts with AC, so the rotation induced is
always in same direction
But need some extra: Eddy current is heavy, so need laminated layers /
very resistant brush contact to the coils
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCEiOnuODac
Brushless DC motors: brushes are noisy, wear out and make sparks
Close to Stepper motor (donkey following carrot) also coil behind can be
energized in opposite polarity (BLDC)
Description of parts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0hWe1oF5UBg
DC motor: axle, coil (copper wire), armature (on coil), commutator (split
rings on axle, brushes (against commutator), 2 magnets inducing magnetic
field, and cover/casting
Hooking up: right wire connection: clockwise rotation; switch up,
anticlockwise
Geared DC motor: gearing attached to axle, slows down and more resistance
offered. Rotation is in rotations of the shaft per minute (RPM)
Brushless DC motor: base, rotor with min 4 coils around, armature,
magnets
Stepper motor: brushless DC motor dividing a rotation in number of steps.
3 classes:
- permanent magnet
- variable reluctance
- hybrid
1) Magnet rotates within coils that are energized as it goes around .
increase resolution with increased number of coils
2) Rotor has teeth that when aligned with one coil are misaligned with
the next. Increase resolution with number of teeth and/or coils
3) Superimposed rotors with teeth and slight misalignment, one + other -.
Coils around have teeth and use same principle
Servo motor:
an actuator with precise control on angle;
motor with sensor for feedback
3 wires: VCC, ground, and PWM signal;
requires controller

H-bridge: "an electronic circuit that enables a voltage to be applied

across a load in either direction. These circuits are often used in
robotics and other applications to allow DC motors to run forwards and
backwards.""