Elementos Finitos

Estudo Dirigido - Aplicao em conduo de calor

Considere a aleta circular mostrada na figura, onde se deseja determinar as
distribuies de temperatura e fluxo de calor.

Dados:
L >> ro

r0
r0/4

Po = 2 r0

A0 = r0

m =

16 P0 L h

(4)

9 A0 k

Considerando a equao (3) , com q0 = 0, temos :

d d h P
A t k t = 0
dx dx

(5)
A = A0 1

No exemplo considerado:

3 x

4 L

P = P0 1

3 x

4 L

Utilizando a mudana de variveis :

s=1

3 x

4 L

3 d
d
t =
t
4 L ds
dx

ds =

3
4 L

dx

temos
2
d 2d
s t s t = 0
ds ds

(6)

com 2 definido em (4). As Condies de contorno adotadas so :

x=0 T=Tb ou s =1
x=L T=T ou s =1/4

t=1 , ou seja, t(1) =1

t=0 , ou seja t(1/4)=0

(barra longa)

Esta equao pode ser tranaformada em uma equao de Bessel modificada de

ordem 1, considerando na equao (6) novas mudanas de variveis:
2

s=

resultando em:

ds =

y
2

dy

d Y3 d t y3 t = 0

dy dy

Fazendo na equao acima :

t ( y) =

( y)
y

Obtemos a forma clssica da equao de Bessel modificada de ordem1

2 d2
2
d
+ y y + 1 y = 0
2
dy
dy

cuja soluo da forma :

( y) = A I1( y) + B K1( y)

(6)

In(y) a funo de Bessel modificada de ordem n do primeiro tipo e Kn(y) a

funo de Bessel modificada de ordem n do segundo tipo., definidas por:

In( y) =
2
m = 0
y

y2

1
m! ( s + m + 1 ) 4

2
x cosh( t)
2 n

Kn( y) =
e
sinh( t ) dt
1
n + 0
2

(p) a funo gama definida de tal forma que : (p+1)=p(p)=p!

Soluo :
(1) Determinao da constantes de integrao A e B
1

2 s

2 s

s=

y=

s := 1

=>

t := 1

y( s) 2 s

logo
s :=

1
4

adotando

y( s) = 2

( s , t ) := y( s) t

=>

( s , t ) = 2

t := 0

y( s) = 1

logo

( s , t ) = 0

De (6) temos:

( y) = A I1( y) + B K1( y)

Agora faa o clculo exato das constantes.

I1( y( 1 ) ) A + K1( y( 1 ) ) B = ( 1 , 1 )
I1 y

1
1
A + K1 y B = , 0

4
4
4

K1( y( 1 ) )
I1( y( 1 ) )

M :=
1
1
I1 y K1y
4
4

( 1 , 1 )

c :=
1
, 0
4
A := lsolve( M , c)

B

c=

M=

1.591 0.14

0.565 0.602

2

0
A = 1.371

B 1.287

y = 2 s

x := 0 , 0.05 .. 1

s( x) := 1

3
4

x=
x

X
L

( s) := A I1( y( s) ) + B K1( y( s) )

t ( x) :=

( s( x) )
y( s( x) )

Clculo do Fluxo de calor

2

q x = k A ( T Tinf )

3
d
d
t = k A0 ( T Tinf ) 1 x t ( x)
4 dx
dx

Definindo Q= qx/kA0(T-T), temos:

2 d

Q( x) := s( x)

dx

t ( x)

Formulao Variacional: Considerando a equao (6)

V={ t em C0 |

t(1)=1

t(1/4)=0}

d s2 d t 2 s t v ds = 0

ds ds

V0={ t em C 0 |

para qualquer v em V0

Integrando a primeira parte da expresso acima temos:

L

s2 d t d v + 2 s t v ds = 0

ds ds

para qualquer v em V0

Entao:
L

2d d
2
a( t , v) = s t v + s t v ds

ds ds

t(1)=0

t(1/4)=0}

Escrever a expresso de Keij

s

2
L( ve) = 0
2

2d d
K i , j = s Ni Nj + s Ni Nj ds
ds ds

( )

Soluo para elementos lineares:

nnoel := 2

:= 1 , 0 .. 1

N1( ) :=

d
N1( ) =
d

1
2

d
N2( ) =
d

-0.5

0.5

-0.5

0.5

-0.5

0.5

1+

N2( ) :=

=s

N1( )

N2( )

dN := 0.5

dN := 0.5

NN ( ) :=

dN =

0.5

0.5

N ( ) + s
N ( )
m d 1
m+ 1 d 2

2 elementos
nno := 3 nel := nno 1

nel := nno 1

nel = 2

p := 0 .. ( nno 2 )
coor := 0
0

coor

p+ 1

0
coor = 0.5

1

:= coor +
p

nel

p := 0 .. ( nno 1 )
s := 1
p

3
4

1
s = 0.625

0.25

coor

m := 0 , 1 .. ( nel 1 )
J := s ( 0.5) + s
m

0.188

0.188

J=

.5

m+ 1

Jx := coor ( 0.5) + coor

m

m+1

( 0.5)

Jx =

0.25

0.25

he=2Jx

s1( ) := s N1( ) + s N2( )

0

s2( ) := s N1( ) + s N2( )

1

i := 0 .. 1

j := 0 .. 1

K1 :=
i, j

s ( ) 2
2
1
dN dN + ( s1( ) ) NN ( ) NN ( ) J d
i
j
i
j 0
J 2

(
)
0

K1 =

1.905 1.741

1.741 1.882

K2 :=
i, j

s ( ) 2

2
2
dN dN + ( s2( ) ) NN ( ) NN ( ) J d
i
j
i
j 1
J 2

( 1)

K2 =

0.608 0.514

0.514 0.585

K1
0
K10 , 0
0, 1

K1
K1
+
K2
K2
K :=
1, 1
0, 0
0, 1
0, 1

K2
0
K2

0, 1
1, 1

1.905 1.741 0
K = 1.741 2.49 0.514

0.514 0.585
0

1.905
F = 1.741

0
F := ( K) 1

Imposio das condies de contorno

KR := K1

1, 1

+ K2

KR = 2.49

0, 0

FR := 1.741
1

t2 := KR

FR

t2 = 0.699

xh2 := 0 , 0.5 .. 1

nos( xh2 ) := if xh2 < coor , 0 , 1

1

1
tf := t2

0

)
6

0
coor = 0.5

1

tf
th2 ( xh2 ) :=

nos( xh2) + 1

coor

nos( xh2) + 1

tf

nos( xh2)

coor

nos( xh2)

xh2 coor

nos( xh2)

) + tf nos( xh2)

3 elementos
nno := 4

nel := nno 1 nel = 3

p := 0 .. ( nno 2 )

0.333

coor =
0.667
1

coor := 0
0

coor

p+ 1

:= coor +
p

1
nel

p := 0 .. ( nno 1 )
s := 1
p

3
4

1
0.75
s=
0.5
0.25

coor

m := 0 , 1 .. ( nel 1 )
J := s ( 0.5) + s
m

0.188

0.188

J=

0.5

m+ 1

Jx := coor ( 0.5) + coor

m

m+1

( 0.5)

s1( ) := s N1( ) + s N2( )

0

s2( ) := s N1( ) + s N2( )

1

s3( ) := s N1( ) + s N2( )

2

j := 0 .. 1

i := 0 .. 1

K1 :=
i, j

s1( ) 2

dN dN + ( s1( ) ) NN ( ) NN ( ) J d
i
j
i
j 0
J 2

(
)
0

K1 =

3.161 3.047

3.047 3.151

K2 :=
i, j

s2( ) 2

dN dN + ( s2( ) ) NN ( ) NN ( ) J d
i
j
i
j 1
J 2

(
)
1

K2 =

1.641 1.557

1.557 1.63

K3 :=
i, j

(s ( ) )2
2
3
dN dN + ( s3( ) ) NN( ) NN ( ) J d
i
j
i
j 2
J 2

(
)
2

K3 =

0.62 0.568

0.568 0.609

K1
0
0
K10 , 0
0, 1

0
K2
K10 , 1 K11 , 1 + K20 , 0
0, 1
K :=

K2
K2
+ K3
K3
0
0, 1
1, 1
0, 0
0, 1
0

0
K3
K3
1, 0
1, 1

0
3.161 3.047 0

3.047 4.792 1.557

0

K=
0
1.557 2.25 0.568
0

0
0.568 0.609

3.161
3.047
F=
0
0

0
F := ( K) 1

Imposio das condies de contorno

K2
K11 , 1 + K20 , 0

0, 1

KR :=

K2
K2
+ K3
1, 0
1, 1
0, 0

FR :=

KR = 2.49

3.047

t2 := lsolve( KR , FR)

t3

xh3 := 0 ,

1
3

t2 = 0.82

t3 0.568

.. 1

nos( xh3 ) := if xh3 < coor , 0 , if xh3 < coor , 1 , 2

( (

1
t2
tf :=
t3
0

))
8

0
0.333
coor =
0.667
1

tf
th3 ( xh3 ) :=

nos( xh3) + 1

coor

nos( xh3) + 1

tf

nos( xh3)

coor

nos( xh3)

xh3 coor

nos( xh3)

) + tf nos( xh3)

4 elementos
nno := 5

nel := nno 1 nel = 4

p := 0 .. ( nno 2 )

0.333

coor =
0.667
1

coor := 0
0

coor

p+ 1

:= coor +
p

1
nel

p := 0 .. ( nno 1 )

s := 1
p

3
4

1
0.813

s = 0.625
0.438

0.25

coor

m := 0 , 1 .. ( nel 1 )
J := s ( 0.5) + s
m

0.5

m+ 1

Jx := coor ( 0.5) + coor

m

m+1

0.5

0.094
0.094
J=
0.094
0.094

s1( ) := s N1( ) + s N2( )

0

s2( ) := s N1( ) + s N2( )

1

s3( ) := s N1( ) + s N2( )

2

s4( ) := s N1( ) + s N2( )

3

i := 0 .. 1

j := 0 .. 1

K1 :=
i, j

s1( ) 2

dN dN + ( s1( ) ) NN ( ) NN ( ) J d
i
j
i
j 0
J 2

(
)
0

K1 =

4.455 4.368

4.368 4.45
9

K2 :=
i, j

s2( ) 2
2

dN dN + ( s2( ) ) NN ( ) NN ( ) J d
i
j
i
j 1
J 2

( 1)

K2 =

2.819 2.748

2.748 2.813

K3 :=
i, j

(s ( ) )2
2
3
dN dN + ( s3( ) ) NN( ) NN ( ) J d
i
j
i
j 2
J 2

( 2)

K3 =

1.557 1.504

1.504 1.551

K4 :=
i, j

(s ( ) )2

2
4
dN dN + ( s4( ) ) NN( ) NN ( ) J d
i
j
i
j 3
J 2

( 3)

K4 =

0.67 0.635

0.635 0.664

K1
0
0
0
K10 , 0
0, 1

K2
0
0
K10 , 1 K11 , 1 + K20 , 0
0, 1

K2
K2
+ K3
K3
0
K := 0
0, 1
1, 1
0, 0
0, 1
0

0
K3
K3
+ K4
K4
1, 0
1, 1
0, 0
0, 1

0
0
K4
K4
0, 1
1, 1

10

0
0
4.455 4.368 0
4.368 7.268 2.748 0

K= 0
2.748 4.37 1.504
0
0
0
1.504 2.221 0.635

0
0
0.635 0.664
0
0
F := K 1

4.455
4.368

F= 0
0

Imposio das condies de contorno

K2
0
K11 , 1 + K20 , 0
0, 1

K2
K2
+ K3
K3
KR :=
0, 1
1, 1
0, 0
0, 1

K3

0
K3
+ K4

1, 0
1, 1
0, 0

7.268 2.748 0
KR = 2.748 4.37 1.504

1.504 2.221
0
t2
t3 := lsolve( KR , FR)

t4
xh4 := 0 ,

1
4

t2
t3

t4

4.368
FR := 0

0.871
= 0.714

0.484

1
t2

tf := t3
t4

0

.. 1

nos( xh4 ) := if xh4 < coor , 0 , if xh4 < coor , 1 , if xh4 < coor , 2 , 3

tf
th4 ( xh4 ) :=

nos( xh4) + 1

coor

nos( xh4) + 1

tf

nos( xh4)

coor

nos( xh4)

( (

xh4 coor

nos( xh4)

Clculo do Fluxo de Calor

xhe( xh4 ) := coor

nos( xh4)

+ Jx

nos( xh4)

11

))

) + tf nos( xh4)

Qh4( xh4 ) := 1

3
4

2 tf

xhe( xh4 )

tf

nos( xh4) +1

nos( xh4)

1
Jx

nos( xh4)

Qh4( xh4 ) =
0.423
0.324

Regularizao do fluxo

0.26

Qh4( 0.875) = 0.229

qh4m1 :=

Qh4( 0.125) + Qh4( 0.375)

2

0.229

Qh4( 0.375) + Qh4( 0.625)

qh4m2 :=

xh41 := 0 , 0.25 .. 0.25

xh43 := 0.5 , 0.75 .. 0.75

xh42 := 0.25 , 0.5 .. 0.5

xh44 := 0.75 , 1 .. 1

Qh41( xh41) :=

qh4m1 Qh4( 0 )
coor 0

xh41 + Qh4( 0 )

Qh42( xh42) :=

qh4m1 + qh4m2
coor coor
2

Qh43( xh43) :=

qh4m2 + qh4m3
coor coor
3

Qh44( xh44) :=

qh4m3 + Qh4( 1 )
3

) + qh4m2

xh44 coor

) + qh4m3

xh43 coor

1 coor

xh42 coor

) + qh4m1

Representao Grfica das Solues

12

0.229
qh4m3
:=

Qh4( 0.625) + Qh4( 0.875

2

Temperatura ao longo da barra - Elementos finitos lineraes

1
0.87375

Temperatura

0.7475
0.62125
0.495
0.36875
0.2425

analitica
MEF- 2 elementos
MEF - 3 Elementos
MEF - 4 elementos

0.11625
0.01

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5
X

13

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Fluxo de Calor
0.5

0.463

0.425

Fluxo

0.388

0.35

0.313

0.275

Analitica
MEF - 4 elementos lineares

0.238

0.2

0.125

0.25

0.375

0.5

0.625

14

0.75

0.875

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

0.875)

25