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TO
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THESIS
PRESENTATION

Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Essential

Minerals Content of Cucumis sativus (Cucumber)
by Tandem Accelerator
PRESENTED
BY

Md. Mahfujar Rahman

Department of Food Engineering & Tea Technology
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114

SUPERVISOR
ANIMESH SARKAR
Lecturer
Department of Food Engineering & Tea Technology
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114

CO-SUPERVISOR
MD. SHAKHAWAT HUSSAIN
Senior Scientific Officer
Food Technology Division
Institute of Food & Radiation Biology
Atomic Energy Research Establishment
Savar, Dhaka-1349

BACKGROUND
Gamma radiation has been widely used in
industrial
processes,
especially
in
food
processing. Gamma radiation can induce certain
alterations that can modify both the chemical
composition and the nutritional value of foods.
Food irradiation is a technology for controlling
spoilage and eliminating food-borne pathogens
that may be present in food.
Radiation is the only treatment that can be
applied to foods through any type of packaging
materials including paper, plastic, wood and

OBJECTIVES
To identify essential mineral elements of
cucumber (Cucumis sativus).
To observe the effect of gamma radiation on
trace element of cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
by Tandem Accelerator.
To reveal the nutritional composition of
cucumber (Cucumis sativus) by neutron
activation analysis.
To observe the effect of gamma radiation on
minerals content of cucumber (Cucumis
sativus) by neutron activation analysis.

Tandem Accelerator
Tandem accelerator is a type of accelerator to
accelerate ions by applying an electrostatic
field with a feature of supplying high voltage
in the middle of accelerating tube. It can
accelerate
ions
in
two
steps:
first,
accelerating negative ions and second,
further accelerating positive ions after
transforming negative ions into positive in
the high-voltage terminal.

Uses & Method of Tandem Accelerator

The tandem accelerator is used for the
elemental composition analysis of solids.
The tandem accelerator also serves as the ioninjector for the synchrotron accelerator, so that
accelerated protons are sent to the synchrotron
accelerator.
Particles in the synchrotron accelerator travel
around the track 2 million times maintaining a
fixed orbit by magnetic intensity generated by

Neutron Activation Analysis

Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is a quantitative and
qualitative method
of high efficiency for the precise
determination of a number of main-components and trace
elements in different types of samples.

Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is used to

measure
traceand
ultra
trace-element
concentrations of impurities in semiconductors
and other high-purity materials.

Food Radiation
Food irradiation is a process in which approved foods
are exposed to radiant energy, including gamma rays,
electron beams, and x-rays to make them
free from
microbes & thus extend their self life.

The "dose" for food irradiation is the amount of

radiation absorbed by the food and it is not the same as
the level of energy transmitted from the radiation
sources. The dose is controlled by the intensity of
radiation and the length of time the food is exposed.

Radiation has been identified as a solution that

enhances food safety through the reduction of potential
pathogens and has been recommended as part of a
comprehensive program to enhance food safety .

Cobalt-60 is the most commonly used radionuclide for

MATERIALS & METHODS

Materials
Sample: Cucumber

Figure: Some samples (cucumber)

Equipments
Blender
Refrigerator
Freeze Drier
Specula
Milling Machine
Analytical Balance
Hydraulic Pressure
Tandem Accelerator etc.

Working Procedure of the Present Study

Sample collection (cucumber)
Washing and peeling
Cutting and homogenized by blender
Polyethylene packaging
Control

1 kGy

2 kGy

2.5 kGy

3 kGy

Storage at -200C for 48 hours

Freeze drying at -520C temperature and 0.370 mbar pressure
Making powder by milling machine
Making tablet by Hydraulic pressure (tablet size 10 mm dia)
Storage tablet at -200C temperature
Analysis for essential minerals by Tandem Accelerator

Polyethylene Packaging of
Sample After Blending

Analysis for essential minerals by

Tandem Accelerator
Powder of Sample Made After Freeze
Drying by Milling Machine

Tablet of The Samples Prepared by

Hydraulic Pressure

Essential Minerals of Cucumber

was Determined by Tandem
Accelerator

Figure: Image of Tandem Accelerator

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Essential Mineral Contents of the Fresh
Cucumber (Control)
Serial No.

Types of
components

Concentration
( ppm )

% of fit error

Minimum
Detection Limit
( ppm )

183699

0.82

1199

Ca

70144

1.44

798

Cr

112931

0.47

357

Mn

8717

4.22

1537

Fe

358512

0.28

833

Ni

29267

1.7

218

Cu

2957

10.47

616

Zn

977

18.88

665

Effect of gamma radiation on Potassium (K)

and Calcium (Ca)
Table: Conc. (ppm) of Potassium (K) and Calcium (Ca) of control & radiated
samples
Serial No.

Sample

Conc. (K)
(ppm)

% of fit
error

MDL (ppm)

Conc. Ca
(ppm)

% of fit
error

MDL (ppm)

Control

183699

0.82

2447

70144

1.44

3367

1.0 kGy

302477

0.73

2389

139367

1.4

5756

2.0 kGy

387421

0.65

2434

179910

1.3

8782

2.5 kGy

358772

0.7

2203

178251

1.41

5825

3.0 kGy

357418

0.67

2354

169022

1.35

7117

Effect of gamma radiation on Chromium (Cr)

Conc. of Chromium (Cr) in various samples
120000

112931

100000

82720

80000
Concentration

63553

60000

42033

40000

19213

20000
0
Control

1.0 kGy

2.0 kGy

2.50 kGy

3.0 kGy

Radiation

Figure: Graphigicaly representation of conc. of Chromium (Cr) of

control & radiated samples.

Effect of gamma radiation on Chromium (Cr)

Conc. of Manganese in various samples

8717

9000
8000
7000
Concentration
6000
4701
4604
5000
3552
4000
2654
3000
2000
1000
0
Control 1.0 kGy 2.0 kGy 2.50 kGy 3.0 kGy
Radiation

Figure: Graphigicaly representation of conc. of Manganese (Mn) of control &

radiated samples.

Effect of gamma radiation on Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni)

Table: Conc. (ppm) of Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni) of control & radiated samples
Serial No.

Types of
sample

Conc. of Iron
(Fe)

% of fit
error

Minimum
detection
limit (in
ppm)

Conc. of
Nickel (Ni)

% of fit
error

Minimum
detection
limit (in
ppm)

Controlled

358512

0.28

833

29267

1.7

277

1.0KGy

224240

0.55

538

15675

2.93

344

2.0KGy

109345

0.85

573

7016

4.86

335

2.5KGy

156003

0.87

665

10264

4.92

366

3.0KGy

44857

1.31

571

186264

0.51

386

Effect of gamma radiation on Cupper (Cu)

Conc. of Cupper (Cu) in various samples
2957
3000
2500
2000

1654

Concentration
1500
1000

607

709

500
0
Control

1.0 kGy

2.0 kGy

2.50 kGy

0
3.0 kGy

Radiation

Figure: Graphigicaly representation of conc. of Cupper (Cu) of control & radiated

samples.

Effect of gamma radiation on Zinc (Zn)

Conc. of Zinc (Zn) in various samples
3500

3025

3186

3000

2327

2500

1971
2000
Concentration
1500

977
1000
500
0
Control

1.0 kGy

2.0 kGy

2.50 kGy

3.0 kGy

Radiation

Figure: Graphigicaly representation of conc. of Zinc (Zn) of control & radiated

samples.

Comparison With Previous

Similar Types of Works
Wheeler et al. (1990) who commented that, there were no changes in
the levels of essential minerals contents on vegetables as well.
Ladaniya M.S. et al. (2003) found that, doses up to 1.5kGy cause
decrease of minerals content of Daucus carota, Daucus sativus and
Daucus aeutanti which has similarity with the present study findings.
Evangelista (2000) In potatoes, alteration of vitamin C is proportional
to the irradiation doses.

Recommendation
There is no similar type of work on Cucumis sativus
(Cucumber) by Tandem accelerator in Bangladesh.
Though, a lot of works have been done on the nutritional
assessment of cucumber as well as the radiation effect
on essential minerals contents of Cucumis sativus
(Cucumber) by Tandem Accelerator.
The work on Cucumber is in still very initial stage. Further
work with wide range of research in nutritive analysis, preservation and
varietal improvement etc. point of view need to be conducted to make it more
familiar and popular to people.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Cucumbers are a nutritious fruits that can help weight
loss, reduce risk of chronic disease and help body form
healthy joints. A single medium cucumber contains more
than 8 mg of vitamin C. Which is important for building
connective tissue and fighting oxidation.

In this study it is observed that the essential mineral

content of Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) is sensitive to
irradiation doses. There are various effect are observed on
the essential mineral contents of Cucumis Sativus
(Cucumber)by different types of radiation doses.

THANK
YOU