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PROJECT REPORT-2008-2009
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Internal Examiner
External Examiner
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At this pleasing movement of having successfully completed
our project, we wish to convey our sincere thanks and gratitude to the
management
of
our
college
and
our
beloved
are
also
professor.,
grateful
for
to
her/him
the
Head
of
constructive
Department
suggestions
HYDRAULIC FORKLIFT
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO
TITLE
SYNOPSIS
LIST OF FIGURES
1
2
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
4
4.1
5
6
7
8
9
10
Introduction
Literature review
Description of equipments
Hydraulic bottle jack
Wheel
Loading plate
Design and drawing
Drawing for hydraulic forklift
Working principle
Merits & demerits
Applications
List of materials
Cost Estimation
Conclusion
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PHOTOGRAPHY
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
number
1
Title
Drawing for hydraulic forklift
SYNOPSIS
SYNOPSIS
In this project we are designed in pallet truck. It is operated by
hydraulic method. It is a hand operated. It is very useful for loading
and unloading for warehouse and platform places.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A forklift (also called a lift truck, a high/low, a stacker-truck,
trailer loader, side loader or a fork hoist) is a powered industrial truck
used to lift and transport materials. The modern forklift was
developed in the 1920s by various companies including the
transmission manufacturing company Clark and the hoist company
Yale & Towne Manufacturing. The forklift has since become an
indispensable piece of equipment in manufacturing and warehousing
operations.
HISTORY
The middle 19th century through the early 20th century saw the
developments that led to today's modern forklifts. The Pennsylvania
Railroad in 1906 introduced battery powered platform trucks for
moving luggage at their Altoona, Pennsylvania train station. World
War I saw the development of different types of material handling
equipment in the United Kingdom by Ransomes, Sims and Jeffries of
Ipswich. This was in part due to the labor shortages caused by the
war. In 1917 Clark in the United States began developing and using
powered tractor and powered lift tractors in their factories. In 1919 the
Towmotor Company and Yale & Towne Manufacturing in 1920
entered the lift truck market in the United States.
Continuing development and expanded use of the forklift
continued through the 1920s and 1930s. World War II, like World War
I before, spurred the use of forklift trucks in the war effort. Following
the war, more efficient methods for storing products in warehouses
were being implemented. Warehouses needed more maneuverable
forklift trucks that could reach greater heights. New forklift models
were made that filled this need. In 1956 Toyota introduced its first lift
truck model, the Model LA, in Japan and sold its first forklift in the
United States in 1967.
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
HYDRAULICS
The word "hydraulics" originates from the Greek word
(hydraulikos) which in turn originates from (hydraulos) meaning water
organ which in turn comes from (hydor, Greek for water) and (aulos,
meaning pipe).
Hydraulics Lauras bum is huge is a topic of science and
engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of liquids.
Hydraulics is part of the more general discipline of fluid power. Fluid
mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which
focuses on the engineering uses of fluid properties. Hydraulic topics
range through most science and engineering disciplines, and cover
concepts such as pipe flow, dam design, fluidics and fluid control
circuitry, pumps it ups, turbines, hydropower, computational fluids
called dynamics, flow measurement, river channel behavior and
erosion. However if used incorrectly, hydraulic instruments can result
in weird occurrences because of the nature of high pressure fluids.
HYDRAULIC POWER
Hydraulic fluids are a large group of fluids used as the motive
medium in hydraulic machinery. Fluid types include synthetic
compounds, mineral oil, water, and water-based mixtures. The fluids
are found in machinery and equipment ranging from brakes, power
steering systems, and transmissions to backhoes, excavators,
garbage trucks and industrial shredders. Hydraulic systems are very
common in aircraft flight control systems. Fluid is a medium of power
transmission in a hydraulic system, mineral or petroleum oils of
various grades are used as the certain service properties for
maximum power transmission. They are;
VISCOSITY
Viscosity of oil is defined as the resisting property of the fluid to
its flow. Thick oil is possessing high viscosity whiles a thin oil low
viscosity. Viscosity is an important property of the fluid. If the viscosity
of the fluid is more than required, then
1. The fluid may find it difficult to flow through the minute
clearance between the matting parts
VISCOSITY INDEX
One of the property of the hydraulic oil that it must retain the
same viscosity at all temperatures. But the viscosity of oil changes
with system temperature. The rate of change of viscosity,
corresponding to the change in temperature is known as viscosity
index. It is measured on, an arbitrary scale. If the change in viscosity
is very very small, for a particular change in temperature, then that oil
is represented by a maximum valve of viscosity index.
If the change in viscosity of oil is considerable, even for a small
change in value of its temperature then that oil is represented by a
minimum valve of then that oil is represented by a minimum valve
viscosity index. The higher the numerical of this index the smaller is
the change in viscosity, corresponding to a given change in
temperature and vice versa. Hence, the oil having higher viscosity
index is preferable to use it in a hydraulic system.
DE- EMULSIBILITY:
The capacity of the oil to separate rapidly and completely form
water is know as de- emulsibility. The property resists emulsification
(mixing of oil with water). This property is important to avoid foaming.
OXIDATION STABILITY:
Oxidation is taken place due to chemical action between oil and
oxygen. When oxidation of oil taken place, impurities like insoluble
gum, sludge, soluble acidic oil is depending on this property.
Oxidation stability is defined as the fluids ability to resist oxidation.
LUBRICITY:
It is defined as the capacity of the oil to lubricate the moving
components. If there is wear, clearance will be increased, which will
then produce noises and vibrations. So, while selecting the oil care is
taken, to select suitable oil which lubricates the moving parts
effectively.
AND
DISADVANTAGES
OF
HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM:
ADVANDAGES:
It is more compact and eliminates the mechanical complicated
linkages like gears, cams and levers.
It does not require any lubrication as a result wear and tear of
the moving components are considerably reduced.
hydraulic
system
provides
very
high
degree
of
dependability.
DISADVANTAGES:
Since the hydraulic fluid is transmitted through pipe lines under
pressure there is a greater possibility of leakages
Leakage of fluid reduces the force, thus sometimes system fails
Leakages are always there, which makes the machines ugly
and dust and dirt adhering to them
The life of the parts like seals, packing and gaskets etc., are
very short, but they are essential to prevent leakages
The oil cost is fluctuating and hence the system becomes
costlier
CHAPTER III
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS
CHAPTER III
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS
3.1. HYDRAULIC BOTTLE JACK
Bottle jacks are hydraulic jacks that are placed in a horizontal
position. These jacks push against a lever, which lifts the main lift
arm. Bottle jacks have a longer handle than most hydraulic jacks,
however, and it is possible to get more lift per stroke with the
increased leverage they provide when compared to regular models of
jacks. Bottle jacks are versatile because their horizontal position
makes it possible to place them in tight spots and provides good
leverage. Recently bottle jacks have proven useful in search and
rescue missions following earthquake damage. As a result, bottle
jacks are standard equipment in firehouses and for search and
rescue teams. They are also used for lifting, spreading, bending,
pushing, pressing, or straightening requirements. The base and
cylinders of bottle jacks are electrically welded for strength, and all
models are capable of working in upright, angled, or horizontal
positions.
1 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
1.1 Park the vehicle or load to be lifted on a flat firm surface and
place wedges under the wheels to stop movement.
1.2 Position de jack on a solid, even and horizontal surface, never
use the jack on a slope.
1.3 The jack should be positioned so as to avoid the user from having
to operate it under the vehicle. Every vehicle lifted by a jack should
always have a secondary safety support such as mechanical stands.
1.4 It is imperative that all possible precautions are taken to avoid
unexpected movement of the load when it is being lifted.
1.5 The load to be lifted should never exceed the rated capacity of
the jack.
1.6 Never operate the jack beyond its maximum stroke.
1.7 If these basic rules are not followed, injury to the user, the jack or
the load being lifted may result.
1.8 As an additional safety feature the jack is equipped with a valve to
prevent the unit from being overloaded. This unit is factory set and
must no be tampered with.
3.2 Always keep the jack clean and protected from aggressive
conditions.
3.3 If you have to replace the oil, the correct volume is indicated in
the parts list. Make sure the piston is fully retracted.
3.2. BOTTLE
CHAPTER IV
DESIGN AND DRAWING
CHAPTER IV
DESIGN AND DRAWING
CHAPTER V
WORKING PRINCIPLE
CHAPTER V
WORKING PRINCIPLE
Here we are using hydraulic bottle jack. It is operated by fluid
power. It operated hydraulic power. Hydraulic piston end connected to
plate. And the cylinder side carry the handle assemble and the
moving purpose wheels are assembled by angle plates and clamp.
This loading and unloading purpose using for horizontal plates. It is
fixed to supporting plate and the loading plate moving purpose fixed
wheel. This is use for platform and railway station and ware house
these places it is use. This is the project is pallet jack or pallet truck.
CHAPTER VI
MERITS & DEMERITS
CHAPTER VI
MERITS & DEMERITS
MERITS
It is handling easy
Low cost
Low maintenance
Less skilled operator enough
DEMERITS
It is hand operated
Pallet move reversible direction it is difficult
CHAPTER VII
APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER VII
APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER VIII
LIST OF MATERIALS
CHAPTER VIII
LIST OF MATERIALS
CHAPTER IX
COST ESTIMATION
CHAPTER IX
COST ESTIMATION
1. MATERIAL COST
2. LABOUR COST
Lathe, drilling, welding, drilling, power hacksaw, gas cutting cost
3. OVERGHEAD CHARGES
The overhead charges are arrived by manufacturing cost
Manufacturing Cost
Overhead Charges
4. TOTAL COST
Total cost
=
Total cost for this project =
CHAPTER X
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER X
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
-P.S.G.Tech.
3. Strength of Materials
- R.S.Kurmi
PHOTOGRAPHY