Victoria Do Chem_2210

02/11/2015
PROCESSING THE DATA
1. Import your data into excel. Open > locate file (select all files) > Open > Next > Next > Finish.
Remove rows in the file that you do not need. For Trials 1-4, graph each set of data as a scatter
plot and answer numbers 2 10.

Trial 1
14
12
10
8
pH Level

6
4
2
0

50

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Time (sec)

2. Determine the approximate time for the equivalence point; that is, for the biggest jump in pH
in the steep vertical region of the curve. Record this time in the data table.
3. Examine the time data for each of the Trials 1 & 2. In which trial(s) did the indicator change
color at about the same time as the large increase in pH occurred at the equivalence point?
In which trial(s) was there a significant difference in these two times?
According to the data recorded, the indicator in Trial 1 changed color at
about the same time as the large increase in pH occurred at the
equivalence point. In Trail 1, the color changed at about 164 seconds
and the pH jumped at 170 seconds.
Trial 2 showed significant difference in the two times. The colored
changed at about 240 seconds while the pH jumped at 262 seconds.
4. Phenolphthalein changes from clear to red at a pH value of about 9. According to your
results, with which combination(s) of strong or weak acids and bases can phenolphthalein
be used to determine the equivalence point?
With the combination of Phenolphthalein a weak acid and 0.1 M HCl
solution (strong acid), the Phenolphthalein can determine the
equivalence point when 0.1 M NaOH (strong base) is added to it.
Adding hydroxide ions removes the hydrogen ions from the equilibrium
which tips to the right to replace them - turning the indicator pink.

Trial 1
14
12
10

5. On each of the four printed graphs, draw a horizontal line from a pH value of 9 on the
8
vertical axis to its intersection
with the titration curve. In which trial(s) does this line
pH
Level
intersect the nearly vertical
region
of the curve? In which trial(s) does this line miss the
6
nearly vertical region of the curve?
4

Trials cannot be compared

or determined due to error saving on Trial 2.
2
According to Trial 01 graph, the line is fairly close to intersecting the
0
50the
100
150 200
300
400
450
nearly vertical region
of
curve.
The 250
curve
is 350
about
two
pH500
level
higher than where the horizontal line
is
set
at
pH
value
of
9.
Time (sec)

6. Compare your answers to Questions 1 and 3. By examining a titration curve, how can
you decide which acid-base indicator to use to find the equivalence point?
You can determine the indicator to use by looking at the titration
curve and finding the pH near the bottom of the steep increase or
decrease in pH. A good indicator would start to change colors around
this point.
7. Methyl red is an acid-base indicator that changes color at a pH value of about 5. From what
you learned in this lab, methyl red could be used to determine the equivalence point of
what combination of strong or weak acids and bases?
Methyl red could be used to determine the equivalence point of the
weak base NH3 and the strong acid HCl because this titrations
equivalence point was around 7.00.
8. Of the four titration curves, which combination of strong or weak acids and bases had
the longest vertical region of the equivalence point? The shortest?
According to the Data Table and the Time of color
change/equivalence point, Trial 2 with the combination of NaOH and
HC2H2O2 seems to have the longer vertical region of the
equivalence point. Since Trial 2 was unable to be plotted, this is
determined by the time difference of color change and time of

equivalence point. Trial 1 with the combination of NaOH and HCl

has the shorter vertical region of equivalence point.

9. The acid-base reaction between HCl and NaOH produces a solution with a pH of 7 at the
equivalence point (NaCl + H2O). Why does an acid-base indicator that changes color at pH
5 or 9 work just as well for this reaction as one that changes color at pH 7?

Trial 5

I f an indicator changes at 5 or 9, these average out to 7, so this

indicator will give
14 you the timeof pH 5 and 9, of which the middle of
these times would be pH 7.
12

10. In general, how does 10

the shape of a curve with a weak specie (NH3 or HC2H3O2) differ
from the shape of a curve with a strong specie (NaOH or HCl)?
8

The curve
of a weak
species differs in that the initial pH is higher and
ph level
6
the peak pH is lower
4

11.For Trial 5 only, you will use excel to determine the equivalence points by calculating &
plotting the 1st and 2nd 2derivatives. Plot pH vs. volume of NaOH, the first derivative, and
the second derivative. 0Identify the equivalence points in each graph with an arrow and
0
5 to 10
15 indicate
20 which
25
30
35 species
40 are
45equivalent
report the volume of NaOH
next
it. Also,
chemical
to each other at each equivalence point (see theVolume
table below for an example).

1st Derivative
12
10
8
ph level

6
4
2
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

volume

Equivalence Point
18.10 mL NaOH
H3PO4+NaOH

45

12
10
8
ph level

6
4
2
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Volume

Equivalence Point
0 mL (Initial pH level was
2.5)
H3PO4+NaOH

12. Complete each of the equations in the table. For Trial 5, you should write in all three
equations and indicate the equivalent chemical species in the last column.

DATA TABLE
Trial

Time of indicator
color change

Time/species at
equivalence point

2O + NaCL

164

170

NaC2H3O2 + H2O

240

262

Equation for acid-base reaction

NaOH + HCl

NaOH + HC2H3O2

NH3 + HCl

NH3 + HC2H3O2

H3PO4 + NaOH

Na3PO4 + 3H2 O

s
[H3PO4] = [H2PO4-]

Errors:
Trial 2 data was saved incorrectly because it was accidently saved on the LABQuest instead of the USB. Also
in Trail 5, before adding any NaOH, the initial pH level was at 2.5 instead of zero. And measurements of mL of
NaOH in the buret might not have been precise for every measurement.