UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE PUEBLA

Algebra lineal
Ejercicios de determinantes y vectores
Oscar Anguiano Morales

Grupo : EB

INGENIERA EN ELECTRNICA Y TELECOMUNICACIONES

Pgina 216
Inversas
De los problemas 1 al 16 utilice los mtodos de esta seccin para determinar
si la matriz dada es invertible. De ser as calcule la inversa.
1.) A =
Det A = (7)(9)-(9)(-8)
= 63 (-72)
= 63 + 72
= 135
La adjunta de A
B=

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)

Comprobacin
A-1 .A =

= 63 +72 = 135
= -72 + 72 = 0
= -63 + 63 = 0
= 72 + 63 = 135

Pgina 2

2.) A =
Det A = (3)(-8)-(-4)(6)
= -24 (-24)
= -24 + 24
= 0 det A no es invertible, no tiene inversa

3.) A =
Det A = (3)(-21)-(7)(9)
= -63 (-63)
= -63 + 63
= 0 det A no es invertible, no tiene inversa

4.) A =
Det A = (3)(1)-(-8)(--5)
= 3 40
= -37
La adjunta de A
B=

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)
Pgina 3

Comprobacin
A-1 .A =

= 3 40 = -37
= -5 + 5 = 0
= 24 - 24 = 0
= -40 + 3 = -37
5.) A =
Det A = (0)(0)-(1)(1)
= 01
= -1
La adjunta de A
B=

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)

Comprobacin
A-1 .A =

= 0 - 1 = -1
=0-0=0
=0-0=0
Pgina 4

= -1 + 0 = -1
6.) A =
Det A = 1

-1

+1

= 1(2 - 15)-1(0 - 15)+1(0 - 10)

= 1(-13)-1(-15)+1(-10)
= -13 +15 -10
= -8
La adjunta de A
A=
A11=

A12= -

A13=

A21= -

A22=

= (2 15)

= - (0 - 15)

= (0 - 10)

= - (1 - 5)

= (1 - 5)

= -13

= 15

= -10

=4

= -4

A23= -

A31=

= - (5 5)

= (3 - 2)

=0

=1

B=

A32= -

A33=

= - (3 - 0)

= (2 - 0)

= -3

=2

adj A =

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)
Pgina 5

Comprobacin
A-1 .A =

= -13 + 0 + 5 = -8, = -13 + 8 + 5 = 0, = -13 + 12 + 1 = 0

= 15 0 + 15 = 0, = 15 8 + 15 = -8, = 15 12 3 = 0
= -10 + 0 + 10 = 0, = -10 + 0 + 10 = 0, = -10 + 0 + 2 = -8
7.) A =
Det A = 10

-10

+6

= 10(-20 0)-10(-20 - 56)+6(0 (-70))

= 10(-20)-10(-76)+6(70)
= -200 + 760 + 420
= 980
La adjunta de A
A=
A11=
= (-20 0)

A12= = - (-20 56)

A13=
= (0 (-70))

A21= = - (-20 0)
Pgina 6

= -20

= 76

A22=

= 70

A23= -

= (-20 (-42))

A31=

= -(0 (-70))

= 22

=- 70

= 20
A32= -

= (-80 60)

= -(-80 60)

= -140

= 140

A33=
= (100 100)
=0
B=

adj A =

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)

Comprobacin
A-1 .A =

=
= -200 + 200 + 980 = 980, = -200 + 200 - 0 = 0, = -120 - 160 + 280 = 0
= 760 + 220 980 = 0, = 760 + 220 + 0 = 980, = 456 176 - 280 = 0
= 700 700 + 0 = 0, = 700 700 + 0 = 0, = 420 + 560 + 0 = 980

Pgina 7

8.) A =
Det A = 3

-2

+1

= 3(-2 2)-2(0 - 0)+1(0 0)

= 3(-4)-2(0)+1(0)
= --12 - 0 + 0
= -12
La adjunta de A
A=
A11=

A12= -

A13=

= (-2 2)

= - (0 0)

= (0 0)

= -4

=0

=0

A22=
= (-3 0)

A23= -

A31=

= -(3 0)

= -3

= -3

= (4 2)
=2

A21= = - (-2 1)
=3
A32= = -(6 0)
= -6

A33=
= (6 0)
=6
B=

adj A =

La matriz inversa de A
Pgina 8

A-1 =

(adj A)

Comprobacin
A-1 .A =

= -12 + 0 + 0 = -12, = -8 + 6 + 2 = 0, = -4 + 6 - 2 = 0
= 0 0 0 = 0, = 0 6 6 = -12, = 0 6 + 6 = 0
= 0 0 + 0 = 0, = 0 6 + 6 = 0, = 0 6 6 = -12
9.) A =
Det A = 3

-1

+1

= 1(1 0)-1(0 - 0)+1(0 0)

= 1(1)-1(0)+1(0)
= 10+0
= 1
La adjunta de A
A=
A11=

A12= -

A13=

A21= Pgina 9

= (1 0)

= - (0 0)

=1

=0

A22=

A23= -

= (1 0)

= - (-1 0)

=0

=1

A31=

= -(0 0)

=1

= (0 0)

=0

A32= -

= (1 1)

= -(1 0)

=0

= -1

A33=
= (1 0)
=1
B=

adj A =

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)

Comprobacin
A-1 .A =

= 1 - 0 + 0 = 1, = 1 1 + 0 = 0, = 1 1 + 0 = 0
= 0 + 0 0 = 0, = 0 +1 0 = 1, = 0 + 1 - 1 = 0
= 0 + 0 + 0 = 0, = 0 + 0 + 0 = 0, = 0 + 0 + 1 = 1
10.) A =
Det A = 9

-3

+9

Pgina 10

= 9(-50 -28)-3(30 - 40)+9(42 + 100)

= 9(-78)-3(-10)+9(142)
= -702 + 30 + 1278
= 606
La adjunta de A
A=
A11=

A12= -

A13=

A21= -

= (-50 28)

= - (30 40)

= (42 + 100)

= - (15 63)

= -78

= 10

= 142

= 48

A22=

A23= -

A31=

A32= -

= (45 40)

= -(63 30)

= (12 + 90)

= -(36 54)

= -45

= -33

= 102

= 18

A33=
= (-90 18)
= -108
B=

adj A =

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)

Pgina 11

Comprobacin
A-1 .A =

=
= -702 +288 + 1020 = 606, = -234 - 480 + 714 = 0, =-702 + 192 + 510 = 0
= -90 - 270 + 180 = 0,

= 30 +450 +126 = 606, = 90 - 180 + 90 = 0

= 1278 + 198 - 1080 = 0,

= 426 + 330 -756 = 0, = 1278 - 132 - 540 = 606

11.) A =
Det A = 3

-1

+0

= 3(-1 2)-1(1 - 2)+0(1 1)

= 3(-3)-1(-1)+0(2)
= -9 + 1
= -8
La adjunta de A
A=
A11=

A12= -

A13=

A21= Pgina 12

= (-1 2)

= - (1 2)

= -3

=1

A22=

A23= -

= (3 0)

= - (1 0)

=2

= -1

A31=

= -(3 1)

=3

= (-1 + 1)

= -2

A32= -

= (2 + 0)
=2

= -(6 0)
= -6

A33=
= (-3 1)
= -4
B=

adj A =

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)

Comprobacin
A-1 .A =

= -9 - 1 + 2 = -8, = -3 + 1 + 2 = 0, = 0 2 + 2 = 0
= 3 + 3 6 = 0, = 1 -3 6 = -8, = 0 + 6 - 6 = 0
= 6 - 2 - 4 = 0, = 2 + 2 - 4 = 0, = 0 - 4 - 4 = -8

Pgina 13

12.) A =
Det A = 1

-0

+1

= 1(4 2)-0(0 - 4)+1(0 2)

= 1(2)-0(-4)+1(-2)
= 2+0-2
= 0 no es invertible, no tiene inversa.

13.) A =

Det A = 5

Det A = 0

=+5

Det A = 0

Det A = 0

= 350 + 0 + 0 + 0
= 350

Pgina 14

La adjunta de A

A=

A11=

= 0 +70 - 0 +0 0 + 0 =70

A12= -

A13=

A14= -

A21=

A22=

A23= -

A24=

A31=

A32= -

Pgina 15

A33=

A34= -

A41=-

A42=

A43= -

A44=

B=

+175= -25

adj A =

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)

Comprobacin

Pgina 16

A-1 .A =

= 350 -0+0+0 = 350, = 0 - 0 + 0 + 0 = 0, =-0 + 0 + 0 + 0= 0, =-0 + 0 0 + 0 = 0

= 0 -0+0-0 = 0, = 0 - 0 - 0 +35 0 = 350, =-0 + 0 + 0 - 0= 0, =-0 + 0 0 - 0 = 0
= 100 -100+0+0 = 0, = 0 - 500 - 0 + 500 = 0, =-0 + 350 + 0 - 0= 350, =-0 + 0 0 - 0 = 0
= 400 -400-0-0 = 0, = 0 - 2000 + 1750 + 250 = 0, =-0 +1400 - 1400 - 0= 0, =-0 + 0 + 350 + 0 = 350

14.) A =
Det A = 1

-6

+2

= 1(-12 60)-6(8 - 35)+2(24 21)

= 1(-72)-6(-27)+2(-45)
= -72 + 162 - 90
= 0 no es invertible, no tiene inversa.

Pgina 17

15.) A =

Det A = 1

=+1

Det A = -1

Det A = 1

Det A = -1

= -21 - 4 + 1 + 15
= -9

La adjunta de A

A=

A11=

A12= -

Pgina 18

A13=

A14= -

A21=

A22=

A23= -

A24=

A31=

A32= -

A33=

A34= -

A41=-

A42=

Pgina 19

A43= -

A44=

B=

adj A =

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)

Comprobacin
A-1 .A =

= -21+3+3+6= -9, = -21+6-3+18 = 0, =-21-3+6+18= 0, =-21+6+3+12= 0

= -4+1+4-1= 0, = 0 =-4+2-4-3= -9, =-4-1+8-3= 0, =-4+2+4-2= 0
= 1+2-1-2= 0, = 1+4+1-6 = 0, =1-2-2-6= -9, =1+4-1-4= 0
= 15-6-6-3 = 0, = 15-12+6+9= 0, =15+6-12-9= 0, =-15-12-6-6 = -9

Pgina 20

16.) A =

Det A = 2

=+2

Det A = 0

Det A = 1

Det A = -7

= -700

La adjunta de A

A=

A11=

A12= -

A13=

=
Pgina 21

A14= -

A21=

A22=

A23= -

A24=

A31=

A32= -

A33=

A34= -

A41=-

A42=

A43= -

Pgina 22

A44=

B= -

adj A =

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)
-

Comprobacin
-

A-1 .A =

= -700-0+0+0= -700, = 0-0+0+0 = 0, =-350+3920-3570+0= 0, =-2450+2450+0-0= 0

= 0+0-0+0= 0, = 0+0-0-700= -700, =0-560+560-0= 0, =0-350-0+350= 0
= 0+0+0+0= 0, = 0+0+0+0 = 0, =0-0-700+0= -700, =0-0+0-0= 0
= 0+0-0+0 = 0, = 0+0-0+0= 0, =0-1120+1120+0= 0, = 0-700-0-0= -700

Pgina 23

17.) A =

Det A = 1

=+1

Det A = -1

Det A = 1

Det A = -1

= 1

La adjunta de A

A=

A11=

A12= -

A13=

Pgina 24

A14= -

A21= -

=-

A22=

A23= -

=-

A24=

A31=

=-

A32= -

=-

A33=

A34= -

=-

A41=-

=-

A42=

=-

A43= -

=-

Pgina 25

A44=

B=

adj A =

La matriz inversa de A

Comprobacin
A-1 .A =

= 1 0 + 0 +0 = 1, = 1 - 1 + 0 +0 = 0, =-1 1 + 0 + 0= 0, = 1 1 + 0 +0 = 0
= 0 + 0 0 +0 = 0, = 0 + 1 0 + 0= 1, = 0 + 1 1 + 0= 0, = 0 + 1 1 + 0= 0
= 0 + 0 + -0 0 = 0, = 0 + 0 + 0 0 = 0, = 0 + 0 + 1 0 = 1, = 0 + 0 1 1 = 0
= 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0, = 0 + 0 + 0 + 0= 0, = 0 + 0 + 0 + 0= 0, = 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 1

Pgina 26

18.) A =
Det A = (1)(5)-(2)(1)
= 52
=3
La adjunta de A
A=

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)
-

Comprobacin
A-1 .A ==

= 5-2= 3
= 5-5= 0
= -2+2 = 0
= -2+6= 3
19.) A =
Det A = 1[(1)(-2) (0)(6)] (-1)[(4)(-2) (2)(6)] + 3[(4)(0) (2)(1)]
= [1(-2)] +[1(-20)] [3(2)]
= -2 -20 -6
Pgina 27

= -28
La adjunta de A
A=
A11=

= (1)(-2) (0)(6)= -2

A12= A13=
A21= -

= (4)(-2) (2)(6)= 20

= (4)(0) (2)(1)= -2
-

A22=

= -(2-0)= -2
= -2 -6 = -8

A23= -

- = -(0 + 2) = -2

A31= -

= (-6-3)= -9

A32= -

= -( 6- 12)= 6

A33=

B= -

- = 1+4= 5

- = adj. A=
-

Pgina 28

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)
-

=
-

Comprobacin

-1

A .A =

= -2-8-18 = -28
= -20 -8 + 0 = -28
= -6 -12 -10 = -28

Pgina 29

PAGINA 222
REGLA DE CRAMER
1.)

D=

= (7)(9) - (9)(-8)
= 63 (-72)
= 63 + 72
= 135

D1 =

= (3)(9) (-8)(-8)
= 27 64
= - 37

D2 =

= (7)(-8) (9)(3)
= - 56 27
= - 83

2.)

D=

= (3)(2) - (-1)(4)
= 6 (-4)
= 6+4
= 10

D1 =

= (0)(2) (-1)(5)
=0+5
=5
Pgina 30

D2 =

= (3)(5) (4)(0)
= 15 0
= 15

3.)

D=

= (-20 -24 +6 +16 +12 -15)

= -59 + 34
= 35

D1 =

= 6(-10 + 6) -1(25+33) + 1(10+22)

= 6(-4) -1(58) +1(32)
= -24 -58 +32
= -50

D2 =

= 2(25 + 33) -6(15+24) + 1(33-40)

= 2(58) -6(39) +1(-7)
= 116 -234 -7
= -125

D 3=

= 2(-22 - 10) -1(33-40) + 6(6+16)

= 2(-32) -1(-7) +6(22)
Pgina 31

= -64 +7 +132
= 75

4.)

D=

= -5(-42 0) -8(6 0) +10( 10 + 70)

= -5(-42) 8(6) +10(80)
= 210 48 + 800
= 952

D1 =

= 8(-42 - 0) -8(-12 0) + 10(-20+63)

= -8(-42) -8(-12) +10(43)
= 336 +96 +430
= 862

D2 =

= -5(-12 0) +8(6 0) + 10(9+20)

= -5(-12) +8(6) +10(29)
= 60+48+290
= 398

Pgina 32

D 3=

= -5(-63+20) -8(9+20) - 8(10+70)

= -5(-43) -8(29) -8(80)
= 215 232 640
= -657

5.)

D=

= 12-2+1+2+2-6

= 15-10
=5

D1 =

= 42 + 2 + 0 -2 -7 -0
= 35

D2 =

= 0 7 + 1 + 0 2 21

= -29

D 3=

= 4 0 + 7 + 14 0 2
= 23

Pgina 33

- 6.)
D=

= 0 30 8 2 12 0
= -52
-

D1 =

=0+06+0+60
=0

D2 =

=0+6060+0
=0

D 3=

= 0 30 8 2 12 0
= -52

=0

Pgina 34

7.)

D=

= (210 -150 +360 -84 -270 +500)

= 1070 504
= 566

D1 =

= -70 + 350 + 108 + 196 + 90 + 150

= -70 + 894
= 824

D2 =

= 90 30 280 36 + 210 + 100

= -376 + 400
= 54

D 3=

= -294 90 -180 + 42 162 700

= -1284

Pgina 35

8.)

D=

=1

= 1(0 - 0 - 0 + 0 - 0 - 0) = 1(0) = 0
-

=-1

= -1(-6 - 6 - 0 + 3 - 0 - 0) = -1(-9)= 9
-

=1

= 1(0 + 0 - 0 + 0 - 0 + 0) = 0
-

= -1

= -1(0 + 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0) = 0

D= 9
-

D1 =

=6

= 6(0 - 0 - 0 + 0 - 0 - 0) = 0
-

=-1

= -1(-12 -30 0 + 15 0 3) = 30
-

=1

= 1(0 + 0 - 0 + 0 - 0 + 0) = 0
-

=-1

= 1(0 + 0 - 0 + 0 - 0 - 0) =
Pgina 36

D1 = 30

D2 =

=1

= 1(-12 - 30 - 0 + 15 - 0 - 3) = -30
-

=-6

= -6(-6 - 6 - 0 + 3 - 0 - 0) = 54
-

=1

= 1(-6 - 24 - 0 + 3 - 0 0) = -39
-

=-1

= -1(0 + 12 - 0 + 3 -60 - 0) = 45

D2 = -30 + 54 39 + 45
D2 = 30

D3 =

=1

= 1(0 + 0 - 0 + 0 -0 + 0) = 0
-

=-1

= 1(6 + 24 - 0 + 3 -60 - 0) = 39
-

=6

= 6(0 + 0 - 0 + 0 -0 - 0) = 0
-

=-1

= -1(0 + 12 - 0 + 3 -60 - 0) = 0

D3= 39
Pgina 37

D4 =
=1

= 1(0 - 0 + 0 - 0 - 0 + 0) = 0

=-1

= -1(30 - 3 + 0 - 12 0 + 0) = -15

=1

= 1(0 + 0 + 0 - 0 - 0 0) = 0
-

=-6

= -6(0 + 0 - 0 + 0 -0 - 0) = 0

D4 = 15

7.)

D=

= (210 -150 +360 -84 -270 +500)

= 1070 504
= 566

D1 =

= -70 + 350 + 108 + 196 + 90 + 150

= -70 + 894
= 824

D2 =

= 90 30 280 36 + 210 + 100

Pgina 38

= -376 + 400
= 54

D 3=

= -294 90 -180 + 42 162 700

= -1284

8.)

D=

=1

= 1(0 - 0 - 0 + 0 - 0 - 0) = 1(0) = 0
-

=-1

= -1(-6 - 6 - 0 + 3 - 0 - 0) = -1(-9)= 9
-

=1

= 1(0 + 0 - 0 + 0 - 0 + 0) = 0
-

= -1

= -1(0 + 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0) = 0

D= 9

Pgina 39

D1 =

=6

= 6(0 - 0 - 0 + 0 - 0 - 0) = 0
-

=-1

= -1(-12 -30 0 + 15 0 3) = 30
-

=1

= 1(0 + 0 - 0 + 0 - 0 + 0) = 0
-

=-1

= 1(0 + 0 - 0 + 0 - 0 - 0) =
-

D1 = 30

D2 =

=1

= 1(-12 - 30 - 0 + 15 - 0 - 3) = -30
-

=-6

= -6(-6 - 6 - 0 + 3 - 0 - 0) = 54
-

=1

= 1(-6 - 24 - 0 + 3 - 0 0) = -39
-

=-1

= -1(0 + 12 - 0 + 3 -60 - 0) = 45

D2 = -30 + 54 39 + 45
D2 = 30

Pgina 40

D3 =

=1

= 1(0 + 0 - 0 + 0 -0 + 0) = 0
-

=-1

= 1(6 + 24 - 0 + 3 -60 - 0) = 39
-

=6

= 6(0 + 0 - 0 + 0 -0 - 0) = 0
-

=-1

= -1(0 + 12 - 0 + 3 -60 - 0) = 0

D3= 39
-

D4 =
=1

= 1(0 - 0 + 0 - 0 - 0 + 0) = 0

=-1

=1

= -1(30 - 3 + 0 - 12 0 + 0) = -15

= 1(0 + 0 + 0 - 0 - 0 0) = 0
-

=-6

= -6(0 + 0 - 0 + 0 -0 - 0) = 0

D4 = 15

Pgina 41

9.)

D=
=1

= 1(0 + 0 + 0 - 0 - 0 + 5) = 1(5) = 5

=0

= 0(0 + 0 + 0 - 0 - 0 + 20) = 0(20)= 0

=1

= 0(0 + 0 + 0 - 0 - 0 + 40) = 0

= -(-1)

= 1(0 + 0 + 0 - 0 - 0 - 24) = -24

D= -19
D1 =

=7

=0

= 7(0 + 0 + 0 - 0 - 0 + 5) = 35

= 0(0 + 0 + 0 0 0 + 5) = 0

=0 -

= 0(-10 + 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 30) = 0
-

=-(-1) -

= 1(6 + 0 - 0 - 2 - 0 + 18) = 22

D1 = 57
Pgina 42

D2 =

=1 -

= 1(0 + 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 15) = -15

-

=-7

=1

= -7(0 + 0 + 0 - 0 - 0 + 20) = - 140

= 1(0 + 0 + 0 + 0 - 0 + 40) = 0
-

=-(-1)

= -1(0 + 0 + 8 + 0 - 0 - 24) = -16

D2 = -15 -140 -16

D2 = -171
D3 =

=1

= 1(30 + 0 + 0 + 0 -0 + 10) = 40
-

=0

= 0(0 + 0 + 0 + 0 -0 + 40) = 0
-

=7

=-(-1)

= 7(0 + 0 + 0 - 0 -0 + 40) = 280

= 1(0 - 0 + 0 - 0 + 0 - 16) = -16

D3= 304
Pgina 43

D4 =

=1

= 1(0 - 0 + 6 - 0 + 18 - 2) = 22

=0

= 0(0 - 0 + 24 - 0 + 0 - 8) = 0

=0

= 0(0 - 0 + 0 - 0 + 0 16) = 0

=-7

= -7(0 + 0 + 0 - 0 -0 - 24) = 168

D4 = 190

Pgina 44

PAGINA 229 Y 230

MISCELANEA (DETERMINANTES, REGLA DE CRAMER, INVERSAS)
1.) A =
Det A = (7)(9)-(9)(-8)
= 63 (-72)
= 63 + 72
= 135
2.) A =
Det A = (-1)(4)-(0)(2)
= 4-0
=4
3.) A =
Det A = (-3)(4)-(-7)(5)
= -12 (-35)
= -12 + 35
= 23
4.) A = Det A = 3(100 100) 1(-80 + 50) 7 (-80 + 50)
= 3(0) 1(30) 7(-30)
= 30 + 210
= 240

Pgina 45

5.) A =
Det A = 1(24 0) +2(0 - 0) +3 (0 - 0)
= 1(24) +2(0) +3(0)
= 24
6.) A =
Det A = 5(12 0) 0(36 - 0) +0 (600 - 20)
= 5(12) 0(36) 0(580)
= 60
7.) A =
-

Det A = 0(90 18) +2(-60 + 24) +10 (36 - 72)

= 2(-36) + 10(108)
= -72 + 1080
= 1008
8.) A =

Det A = -1(-4 3) +0(-4 - 0) +0 (3 + 0)

= -1(-7) -0(4) + 0(3)
=7
9.) A =
Pgina 46

Det A = 3(0 5) -1(12 + 30) -2 (4 + 0)

= 3(-5) -1(42)- 2(4)
= -15 42 8
= -65
-

10.) A =

- -

Det A = 7 -

= 7(0-0+0-0+40+0)

= 7(40)
= 280

= 0

= 0(0-0-0+0-180-0)

=0

= 0

- = 0(0+32+0+0+180-0)
=0

= 0

- = 0(315+80+0+0+270-50)

=0
Det A = 280

Pgina 47

11.) A =

Det A = 3

= 3(-2+0+0-0-0+0)
= 3(-2)
= -6

= -15

= 0(0-0-0+0-180-0)
=0

= 17

= 0(0+32+0+0+180-0)
=0

= -19

= -19(0 + 0 + 0 0 0 - 0)
=0

Det A = -6

12.) A =
Det A = (-3)(1) (2)(4)
= -3 -8
Det A = -11

Pgina 48

5.) A =
Det A = (9)(-2)-(-10)(-1)
= -18 10
= -28
La adjunta de A

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)

Comprobacin
A-1 .A =

= -18 -10 = -28

=2-2=0
= 90 - 90 = 0
= -10 -18 = -28

14.) A =
Det A = 4

-0

+1

= 4(-2 0)-0(0 0)+1(0 + 6)

= 4(-2)-0(0)+1(6)
Pgina 49

= -8 -0 +6
= -2
La adjunta de A
A=
A11=

A12= = -2

A13=

=0

A22=

A23= -

A21= =6

A31=

=1

=0

=0
A32= -

=2

=0

A33=
= -8
B=

adj A

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)

Comprobacin
A-1 .A =

= -8 + 0 + 6 = -2, = 0 - 0 + 0 = 0, = -2 + 0 + 2 = 0
= 0 + 0 + 0 = 0, = 0 -2 + 2 = -2, = 0 + 0 + 0 = 0
Pgina 50

= 24 + 0 - 24 = 0, = 0 - 0 - 0 = 0, = 6 + 0 - 8 = -2

15.) A =
Det A = 1

+1

+2

= 1(8 + 4)+1(24 20)+2(-3 - 5)

= 1(12)+1(4)+2(-8)
= 12 + 4 16
= 0

no tiene inversa

16.) A =

Det A = 6

=6

Det A = -(-1)

Det A = -5

Det A = -(-8)

= 1500 720
= 780
Pgina 51

La adjunta de A
A11 =

A12 =

A13 =

A14 =

A21 =-

A22 =

A23 = -

A24 =

A31 = -

A32 = -

A33 =

=
Pgina 52

A34 = -

A41 =-

A42 =

A43 = -

A44 =

B=

adj A =

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)
-

Comprobacin
-1

A .A =

Pgina 53

17.) A =
Det A = 1

-1

+1

= 1(0 1)-1(1 0)+1(1 + 0)

= 1(-1)-1(1)+1(1)
= -1 -1 +1
= -1
La adjunta de A
A=
A11=

A12= = -1

A22=
=1

A13=

=1
A23= -

A21= =1

=0

A31=
=-1

A32= -

=1

=0

A33=
= -1
B=

adj A

Pgina 54

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)

==

Comprobacin
A-1 .A =

18.) A =

Det A = 2

-1
-

-0

=2

=
= 4 + 18
= 22
Pgina 55

La adjunta de A
-

A11 =

A12 = -

A13 =

A14 = -

A21 =-

A22 =

A23 = -

A24 =

A31 =

A32 = -

Pgina 56

A33 =

A34 = -

A41 =-

A42 =

A43 = -

A44 =

B=

adj A =

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)

Comprobacin
Pgina 57

A-1 .A =

19.) A =
Det A = 0

-1

-0

=0

= 2
La adjunta de A
A11 =

Pgina 58

A12 = -

A13 =

A14 = -

- -

A21 =-

A22 =

A23 = -

A24 =

A31 =

A32 = -

A33 =

A34 = -

Pgina 59

A41 =-

A42 =

A43 = -

A44 =

B= -

adj A =

La matriz inversa de A
A-1 =

(adj A)
-

Comprobacin
-

A-1 .A = =
=

Pgina 60

1.)

Ri Rj

|A| E = 1

-0

+0

= 1 (0 1 ) 0 (0 0) + 0 (0 0)
= 1 (-1) 0 (0) + (0)
= -1
B=
|B| = 2

-4

-1

= 2 (-10 0 ) 4 (-6 +3 ) - 1 (0 5)
= 2 (-10) 4 (-3) -1 (-5)
= -20 + 12 + 5
= -3
=
|EB| = 2

-4

-1

= 2 (0 + 10 ) 4 (-3 +6 ) - 1 (5 0)
= 2 (10) 4 (3) -1 (5)
= -20 - 12 - 5
=3
|E||B| = |EB|

Pgina 61

2.)

Rj Rj -3 Ri

|E| = 1

-0

+0

= 1 (1 0 ) 0 (0 + 0) + 0 (0 +3)
= 1 (1) 0 (0) + 0 (3)
=1
B=
|B| = 3

-2

+1

= 3 (-2 2 ) 2 (0 0 ) + 1 (0 0)
= 3 (-4) 2 (0) +1 (0)
= -12 + 0 + 0
= -12
=
|EB| = 3

-2

+1

= 3 (-8 + 10 ) 2 (0 + 18 ) + 1 (0 + 18)
= 3 (2) 2 (18) +1 (+18)
= 6 - 36 + 18
= -12
|E||B| = |EB|

Pgina 62

3.)

Ri j 5 R i

|E| = 1

-0

+0

= 1 (5 0 ) 0 (0 - 0) + 0 (0 - 0)
= 1 (5) 0 (0) + 0 (0)
=5
B=
|B| = 1

-1

+1

= 1 (1 0 ) 1 (0 0 ) + 1 (0 0)
= 1 (1) 1 (0) +1 (0)
=10+0
=1
=
|EB| = 1

-1

+1

= 1 (5 - 0 ) 1 (0 - 0 ) + 1 (0 - 0)
= 1 (5) 1 (0) +1 (0)
=50+0
=5
|E||B| = |EB|

Pgina 63

20.)

D=

= (2)(2)-(3)(-1)
=4+3
=7

D1 =

= (3)(2)-(5)(-1)
=6+5
= 11

D2 =

= (2)(5)-(3)(3)
= 10 + 9
=1

X1 =

X2 =

X1 =

X2 =

21.)

D=

= 36 + 210 9 36 + 63 30 = 234

Pgina 64

D1 =

= 4 + 140 + 27 24 + 7 + 90 = 244

D2 =

= 162 - 42 36 - 162 + 252 + 6 = 244

D3 =

= -72 + 270 + 3 + 12 + 81 + 60 = 354

X1 =

X1 =

X2 =

X2 =

X3 =

X2 =

22.)

D=

D1 =

= 0 - 1 - 0 + 0 - 2 0 = -3

= 0 + 1 - 0 - 0 - 16 0 = -15

Pgina 65

D2 =

= 0 - 8 - 0 - 0 - 1 0 = -9

D3 =

= 1 + 3 - 0 + 8 + 6 + 0 = 18

X1 =

X1 =

X2 =

=5

X3 =

X2 =

=3

X2 =

=6

23.)

D=

= 4 + 36 - 1 + 8 + 6 + 3 = 56

D1 =

= 10 - 9 + 0 - 2 + 15 - 0 = 14

D2 =

= 0 + 60 - 1 + 0 + 6 + 5 = 70

Pgina 66

D3 =

= -4 + 0 + 5 - 40 + 0 - 3 = -42

X1 =

X1 =

X2 =

X2 =

X3 =

X3 =

24.)

D=

= 1(0 + 0 + 12 3 0 0) = 1(9) = 9

= 1(0 0 48 + 6 0 0) = 0(-42) = 0

-1

= -1(0 0 12 + 6 0 0) = -1(-6) = 6

-1

= -1(0 + 4 + 8 - 4 + 0 32) = -1(-24) = 24

D = 9 + 0 + 6 +24 = 39

Pgina 67

D1 =

= 7(0 + 0 + 12 3 0 + 0) = 7(9) = 63

= 0(0 + 0 0 - 6 + 0 0) = 0(-6) = 0

-1

= -1(0 + 0 0 - 6 + 0 0) = -1(-6) = 6

-1

= -1(4 - 4 + 0 + 4 - 1 0) = -1(3) = -3

D1 = 63 + 0 + 6 -3 = 66

D2 =

= 1(0 + 0 + 0 6 0 - 0) = 1(-6) = -6

-7

= -7(0 - 0 0 + -48 + 6 0) = -7(-42) = 294

-1

= -1(0 + 0 24 + 0 - 0 + 0) = -1(-24) = 24

-1

= -1(0 - 2 + 16 + 0 + 0 + 16) = -1(30) = -30

D2 = -6 + 294 + 24 -30 = 282

Pgina 68

D3 =
-

= 1(0 0 + 6 + 0 0 0) = 1(6) = 6

= 0(0 + 0 24 0 0 + 0) = 0(-24) = 0

= 7(0 - 0 12 + 6 - 0 0) = 7(-6) = -42

-1

= -1(0 0 - 4 + 2 - 0 16) = -1(-18) = 18

D1 = 6 + 0 42+ 18 = -18
D4 =

= 1(-4 + 0 + 4 1 0 + 4) = 1(3) = 3

= 0(0 0 16 + 2 0 - 16) = 0(-30) = 0

-1

= -1(0 0 4 + 2 0 16) = -1(-18) = 18

-7

= -7(0 + 4 + 8 4 0 - 32) = -7(-24) = 168

D1 = 3 + 8 + 168 = 189

Pgina 69

X1 =

X2 =

X1 =

X4 =

X3 =

X2 =

X3 =

VECTORES R2
Magnitud y direccin

1.) V=(-4, 4)

Tan =

|V|=

Tan =

Tan =

= 45

=4

2.) V=(

, -2)

Tan =

|V|=

Tan =

Tan =

Pgina 70

3.) V=(

Tan =

|V|=

Tan =

Tan =

4.) V=(-4, -4)

Tan =

|V|=

Tan =

Tan = 1

Tan1= 45

=4

5.) V=(
|V|=

,-2)

Tan =
Tan =

Tan = 1.155

6.) V=(-8, 9)
|V|=
=
=

Tan1= 45

= 0.273

Tan =
Tan =
Tan = -1.125

Tan-1.125=-48.36

= 0.268

Pgina 71

7.) V=(

Tan =

|V|=

Tan =

=
=

Tan = 1.732
=2

8.) V=(

|V|=

Tan =
Tan =

Tan = -0.8660

= -48.89
= 0.227

8.) V=(

|V|=

Tan =
Tan =

Tan = -0.8660

= -48.89
= 0.227

9.) V=(
|V|=

Tan =
Tan =

Tan = -2.666

= -69.44
Pgina 72

 = -0.386

10.) V=(

|V|=

Tan =
Tan =

Tan = -1.732

= -60
=

11.) V=(3 , 2)

Tan =

|V|=

Tan =

Tan = 1.5

= 56.31
= 0.313

12.) V=(
|V|=

Tan =
Tan =

Tan = -0.2

= -11.31
= 0.063

13.) V=(1 , 2)
|V|=

Tan =
Tan =
Pgina 73

Tan = 2

= -63.43
= 0.3524

14.) V=(

Tan =

|V|=

Tan =

Tan = -1.6

= -58
= 0.3222

15.) V=(

|V|=

Tan =
Tan =

Tan = 1

= 45
=

16.) V=(
|V|=
=
=

Tan =
Tan =
Tan = 1-428
= -55
= 0.3055

Pgina 74

17.) V=(

|V|=

Tan =
Tan =

Tan = 0

=0
=0

18.) V=(

|V|=

Tan =
Tan =

Tan = -1.333

= -58.13

= 10

= 0.2952

19.) V=(
|V|=
=

Tan =
Tan =
Tan = -4.5

= -77.47
= 0.4304

20.) Sea u = (2,3) y v = (-5 , 4). Encuentre

a) 3u
=3(2,3)
= ( 6,9)
b) u + v
Pgina 75

= (2 3)(-5 4)
= (-3 + 7)
c) v u
= (-5 , 4) (2 , 3)
= -7 -1
d) 2u 7v
= 2(2 , 3) - 7(-5 , 4)
= (4 , 6) + (-35 , 28)
= (39 , 22)

21.) Sea u = (-3i +2j) y v = (4i + 5j). Encuentre

a) u + v
= -3i +2j + 4i + 5j
= ( i + 7j)
b) u - v
= (-3i + 2j)-(4i + 5j)
= (7i + 3j)
c) v u
= (4i + 5j)- (-3i + 2j)
= 7i + 3j
d) 2u + 3v
= 2(-3i+2j) + 3(4i + 5j)
= 6i + 2j + 12i + 15j
= 18i + 17j
e) 2u - 3v
Pgina 76

= 2(-3i+2j) - 3(4i + 5j)

= -6i + 4j - 12i - 15j
= -18i - 11j
f) u + 2v
= -3i + 2j + 2(4i + 5j)
= -3i + 2j + 8i + 10j
= 5i + 12j
22.) Sea u = (2i -3j) y v = (-4i + 6j). Encuentre
a) u + v
= 2i - 3j +(- 4i + 6j)
= 2i 3j 4i +6j
= -2i + 3j
b) u - v
= (2i - 3j)-(-4i + 6j)
2i 3j + 4i 6j
= 6i 9j
c) 3u
= 3(2i 3j)
= 7i - 9j
d) -7v
= -7(-4i+gj)
= 28i - 42j
e) 8u - 3v
= 8(2i - 3j) - 6(-4i + 6j)
= -16i + 24j - 12i + 18j
Pgina 77

= -28i + 42j
f) 4u - 6v
= 4(2i - 3j) - 6(-4i + 6j)
= -16i + 24j - 12i + 18j
= -28i + 42j

23.) demuestre que el vector (

) es un vector unitario

|u|=
=
=
=

24.) demuestre que los vectores

son vectores unitarios

|u|=

25.) demuestre que el vector v=(

) es un vector unitario

|u|=
=
=

Pgina 78

26.) V= ai + 6j 0
U=
|V|=
=
U=
U=

27.) V= 6i + 10j
U=
V=
=
V=
V=
U=
U=
28.) V= 4i - 6j
U=
V=
=
V=
Pgina 79

U=
U=
29.) V= i - j
U=
V=
=
U=
30.) V= 3i - 10j
U=
V=
=
=
U=

31.) V= -3i - 8j
U=
V=
=
V=
U=

Pgina 80

32.) V=ai + aj
U=
V=
=
=
=
U=
U=

33.) V= 7i + 9j
U=
V=
=
V=
U=
U=

34.) V= 4i + 5j
U=
V=
=
V=
Pgina 81

U=
U=
35.) V= ai + bj
U=
V=
=

U=
U=
35.) V= 2i - 3j
U=
V=
=
=
U=
U=
36.) V= 4i - j
U=
V=
=
=
U=
Pgina 82

U=
38.) u= 5i 2u
U=
|u|=
=
=
V=
39.) u= 2i 3j
|u|=
=
=
V=
40.) u= 4i 6j
|u|=
=
=
V=
41.) u= 3i 7u
|u|=
=
=
V=
Pgina 83

42.) u= -2i + 3u
|u|=
=
=
V=
43.) u= -3i 8j
|u|=
=
=
V=
44.) u= 4i 10j
|u|=
=
=

=2

V=
45.) u= -5i 10j
|u|=
=
=

=5

V=
46.) u= 2i 3j, v= -i + 2j
a) (u + v)
(2-1) + (-3+2) = 1i 1j
Pgina 84

|v|=
=
=
U=

b) (2u 3v)
2( 2i 3j) = 4i 6j

3( -i + 2j) = -3i + 6j

(u v) = 7i + 12j
|v|=
=
=
U=

c)3u + 8v
3 ( 2i 3j) = 6i 18j

8 ( -i + 2j) = -8i + 16j

(u + v) = -2i - 2j
|v|=
=
=
U=

=2
-

47.) Sea P = (c, d) y Q = (c + a, d + b). muestre que la magnitud de

c (c + a) = (c + a - c)

es

d(d + b ) = (d + b - d)

|PQ| =

Pgina 85

49.) |V|= 3 = 94.2

Vi= |V| Cos
Vj= |V| Sen
Vi= 3(-0.0732)
= -0.2196
Vi= 3(0.9919)
V=
V=
=

V= -0.2196i + 2.9919j

50.) |V|= 1, = Vi= |V| Cos = 1(-0.9893) = 0.9893

Vj= |V| Sen = 1(0.1461) = 0.1461

= -0.9893
V= -0.9893i + 0.1461j

51.) |V|= 8, = Vi= |V| Cos = 8(-0.9336) = -7.5

Pgina 86

Vj= |V| Sen = 8(0.3584) = -2.9

= -0.9336
V= -7.5 2.9j
52.) |V|= 1, = Vi= |V| Cos = 1(-0.7804) = -0.7804
Vj= |V| Sen = 1(0.6252) = 0.6252

= 141.3
V= -0.7804i + 0.6252j

53.) |V|= 9, = - = 120

Vi= |V| Cos = 9(-0.5) = -4.5
Vj= |V| Sen = 9(0.8660) = 7.8
V= -4.5 + 7.8j

54.) |V|= 6, = - = 120

Vi= |V| Cos = 6(-0.5) = -3
Vj= |V| Sen = 6(0.8660) = 5.2
Pgina 87

V= -3i + 5.2j

55.) |V|= 7, = - = 120

Vi= |V| Cos = 7(-0.5) = -3.5
Vj= |V| Sen = 7(0.8660) = -6.1
V= -3.5i 6.1j

56.) |V|= 3, = - = -225

Vi= |V| Cos = 3(-0.7071) = -2.12
Vj= |V| Sen = 3(0.7071) = 2.12
V= -2.12i + 2.12j
59.) (1.735, 2.437)
|v|=

tan =

= 1.4046

= 61 grados

=3

= 2.95

60.) (0.9502, 0.0344)

|v|=
=
=

tan =
= 0.0362
= 2.3 grados

= 0.951

= 78.26

61.) (-1.735, 2.437)

|v|=
=

tan =
= -1.4046
Pgina 88

=- 61 grados

=3

= -2.95

62.) (1.735, 2.437)

|v|=

tan =

= 1.4046

= 61 grados

=3

= 2.95

63.) (0.4387, 0.3861)

|v|=

tan =

= 1.14

= 54 grados

= 0.5844

= 3.33

64.) (-58., -99)

|v|=
=
=
= 115

tan =
= 1.7
= 66 grados
= 2.73

66.) (0.3192, 0.3129)

|v|=
=
=
= 0.4472

tan =
=1
= 50 grados
= 3.6

65.) (58., 99)

Pgina 89

|v|=

tan =

=
=
= 115

= 1.7
= 66 grados
= 2.73

67.) (0.01468, -0.08517)

|v|=

tan =

=
=

= -5.80
= -89 grados

= 0.0864

= -2.02

68.) (0.01468, 0.08517)

|v|=
=
=
= 0.0864

tan =
= 5.80
= 89 grados
= 2.02

70.) (-0.01468, -0.08517)

|v|=
=
=
= 0.0864

tan =
= -5.80
= -89 grados
= -2.02

69.) (-0.8649, -0.0301)

|v|=
=
=

tan =
= 0.0348
= 2.21 grados
Pgina 90

= 0.87

= 81.45

71.) (-0.1649, 0.6277)

|v|=
=
=
= 0.6489

tan =
= -3.80
= -83.62 grados
= -2.15

Pgina 91

Pgina 92