Advanced Java Book

Advanced Java Programming
Version 1999
First Impression August 1999
Second Impression July 2000
The Team
Production / Series Supervision
Jambu Krishnamurthy
Vice President Product Development
The Head
Sridhar Subramaniam
Head Training Solutions
Technical Writers
Thirumurugan .R
Bakkia Lakshmi .H
Uma .S
Review
Sridhar Subramaniam
Production/Design
Vijay. V
Editor
Nurjehan Dhanani
Copyright 1999, Comp-U-Learn Inc.

All Rights Reserved
No Part of this Book may be reproduced in any form by any means, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any mode,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Exceptions are
made to the program listings, which can be typed, stored in a Computer System and executed. No patent liability is assumed
with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this
book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting
from the use of the information contained herein.
All Trade Marks Acknowledged
The Book at a Glance

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III. Index ....................................................................................................... 291
Before We Begin
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This beginning, a solid, stable one, will take the reader to greater heights
in Programming for the Web and the Internet. Mainly Java. Lets begin.....
The phenomenon is waiting.
How to use this Book

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Each session is divided into 12 topics. It is called the Twelve Point
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an underlined bigger font.
Subheadings appear in bold without underlining.
Note is shown inside a box. It is information which is necessary to
understand the subject discussed but does not come as a part of the text
flow.
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Figure numbers and descriptions are given below each picture, diagram
or screen for proper navigation.
iii
Session 1
Swing in Java
On Completion of this Session

you will be able to understand...
) Introduction to JFC
) Swing and their behavior
) Merits and Demerits of Swing
) Programming in Swing
) Using Tables and Image Lists
) Using Geometric Figures in Swing
In This Session...
Introduction to Java Foundation Classes
Introduction to Swing
The Swing Component Hierarchy
An Overview of Swing Packages
Moving along with Swing
Swing Button
Slider Control and Progress Bar
Image List
Tables
Drawing Objects
JscrollBar
JRadioButton
Swing in Java
Introduction to Java Foundation Classes
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The Abstract Windowing ToolKit

Swing
Java 2D
Drag and Drop
Accessibility
Introduction to Swing
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Swing components are independent of the native windowing system.
They can run on any windowing system that supports the AWT.
Swing provides a pure Java implementation of many of the traditional AWT
components.
Swing is compatible with the AWT and Swing components can be used
interchangeably with AWT components.
The number and quality of the GUI controls provided by Swing is unrivaled by
any other GUI toolkit.
Swing has a very rich collection and user friendly set of interface elements.
Swing gives a consistent user experience across platforms.
Swing has the capability of making Sun Microsystemss dream of Write once,
run anywhere come to reality.
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Swing-based user interface elements are somewhat slower to appear on the users
screen than the peer based components used by the AWT.
Since the user interface elements look almost alike on all platforms, they will
look different from the native controls on at least some platforms, and thus users
will be less familiar with them.
Swing components can be used only with the JDK 1.1 event model. They dont
support JDK 1.0 event model.
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Comp-U-Learn
Swing in Java
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An Overview of Swing Packages
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The com.sun.java.swing.plaf provides support for Swings pluggable look and feel features.
Comp-U-Learn
Swing in Java
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Comp-U-Learn
Moving along with Swing
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Example 1.1:
import javax.swing.*;
class frame extends JFrame
{
public frame()
{
setTitle(Our First Frame);
setSize(300,200);
}
}
public class framedemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
JFrame fr=new frame();
fr.show();
}
}
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Fig. 1.1
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8
Comp-U-Learn
Swing in Java
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Example 1.2:
import java.awt.event.*;
class frame extends JFrame
{
public frame()
{
setTitle(Sample Frame);
setSize(300,200);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
{
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
public class framedemo
{
{
JFrame fr=new frame();
fr.show();
}
}
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Fig 1.2
Comp-U-Learn
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Example 1.3:
import java.awt.*;
class ourpanel extends JPanel
{
public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
{
super.paintComponent(g);
g.drawString(Welcome to Swing,100,80);
}
}
class ourframe extends JFrame
{
public ourframe()
{
setTitle(Sample Frame Window);
setSize(300,500);
{
{
System.exit(0);
10
Comp-U-Learn
Swing in Java
}
});
Container con=getContentPane();
con.add(new ourpanel());
}
}
public class welcome
{
{
JFrame fr=new ourframe();
fr.show();
}
}
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Fig. 1.3
Swing Button
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Example 1.4:
import
import
import
import
import
java.awt.*;
java.awt.event.*;
javax.swing.*;
javax.swing.event.*;
javax.swing.border.*;
Comp-U-Learn
11

class swing extends Frame
{
JTabbedPane tabbedPane = new JTabbedPane();
JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
JPanel[] panels = {buttonPanel};
Icon worldIcon = new ImageIcon(Dbmusic.gif);
Icon printerIcon = new ImageIcon(Eatdrink.gif);
JButton printerButton = new JButton(Print,printerIcon);
JToggleButton worldButton = new
JToggleButton(Connect,worldIcon,true);
public swing()
{
super(Swing Button window);
addWindowListener(new WindowHandler());
String[] tabs = {Buttons};
String[] tabTips = {A Button and a Toggle Button};
for(int i=0;i<tabs.length;++i) {
panels[i].setBackground(Color.blue);
panels[i].setBorder(new TitledBorder(tabTips[i]));
tabbedPane.addTab(tabs[i],null,panels[i],tabTips[i]);
}
printerButton.setBackground(Color.white);
worldButton.setBackground(Color.white);
buttonPanel.add(printerButton);
buttonPanel.add(worldButton);
add(Center,tabbedPane);
setSize(500,500);
setBackground(Color.yellow);
show();
}
public class WindowHandler extends WindowAdapter {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
}
{
swing s=new swing();
}
}
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12
Comp-U-Learn
Swing in Java
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Fig 1.4
Slider Control and Progress Bar
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Comp-U-Learn
13
Example 1.5:
import
import
import
import
import
java.awt.*;
java.awt.event.*;
javax.swing.*;
public class slider extends Frame {

JTabbedPane tabbedPane = new JTabbedPane();
JPanel barPanel = new JPanel();
JSlider slider = new JSlider(JSlider.VERTICAL, 0, 100, 60);
JProgressBar progressBar = new JProgressBar();
JPanel[] panels = {barPanel};
public slider()
{
super (Slide Bar Program);
String[] tabs = {Slider Bars};
String[] tabTips = {A Slider and a progress Bar};
slider.setMajorTickSpacing(10);
slider.setMinorTickSpacing(5);
slider.setPaintTicks(true);
slider.addChangeListener(new SliderHandler());
progressBar.setOrientation(JProgressBar.HORIZONTAL);
progressBar.setMinimum(0);
progressBar.setMaximum(100);
progressBar.setValue(60);
progressBar.setBorderPainted(true);
barPanel.add(new JLabel(Slider));
barPanel.add(slider);
barPanel.add(new JLabel(Progress Bar));
barPanel.add(progressBar);
for(int i=0;i<tabs.length;i++)
{
panels[i].setBackground(Color.red);
tabbedPane.addTab(tabs[i],null,panels[i],tabTips[i]);
}
add(Center,tabbedPane);
setSize(500,500);
setBackground(Color.yellow);
show();
}
14
Comp-U-Learn
Swing in Java
System.exit(0);
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
slider s1 = new slider();
}
public class SliderHandler implements ChangeListener {
public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
progressBar.setValue(slider.getValue());
}
}
}
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Fig. 1.5
Image List
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Comp-U-Learn
15
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Example 1.6:
import
import
import
import
import
public
java.awt.*;
java.awt.event.*;
javax.swing.*;
class list extends Frame {
JTabbedPane tb = new JTabbedPane();

JPanel lpanel = new JPanel();
JPanel[] panels = {lpanel};
Icon i1 = new ImageIcon(videos.gif);
Icon i2 = new ImageIcon(school.gif);
Icon i3 = new ImageIcon(invntory.gif);
Icon i4 = new ImageIcon(members.gif);
Icon[] leaves = {i1, i2, i3, i4};
JList mylist = new JList(leaves);
public list() {
super(List Box Display);
String[] tabs = {Icon List};
String[] tabTips = {An Image List Control};
mylist.setFixedCellHeight(100);
lpanel.add(mylist);
for(int i=0;i<tabs.length;i++) {
panels[i].setBackground(Color.orange);
tb.addTab(tabs[i],null,panels[i],tabTips[i]);
}
add(Center,tb);
setSize(500,500);
setBackground(Color.black);
show();
}
16
Comp-U-Learn
Swing in Java

list l = new list();
}
System.exit(0);
}
}
}
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Fig. 1.6
Tables
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Comp-U-Learn
17
Example 1.7:
import
import
import
import
import
java.awt.*;
java.awt.event.*;
javax.swing.*;
public class table extends Frame {

JTabbedPane tb = new JTabbedPane();
JPanel lpanel = new JPanel();
JPanel[] panels = {lpanel};
String[] columns = {Product ID, Description, Price};
Object[][] cells = {columns,{P001, Ice Cream, Rs.250},
{P002, Barbie Dolls,Rs. 500"},
{P003, Rifles, Rs. 350}};
JTable table = new JTable (cells, columns);
public table() {
super(Table Display);
String[] tabs = {Table};
String[] tabTips = {A Sample Table};
for(int i=0;i<tabs.length;i++) {
panels[i].setBackground(Color.blue);
tb.addTab(tabs[i],null,panels[i],tabTips[i]);
}
lpanel.add(table);
add(Center,tb);
setSize(400,400);
setBackground(Color.green);
show();
}
table t = new table();
}
System.exit(0);
}
}
}
18
Comp-U-Learn
Swing in Java
7KH RXWSXW LV DV VKRZQ EHORZ
Fig. 1.7
Drawing Objects
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DUH ILOOHG ZLWK RUDQJH FRORU
Example 1.8:
import java.awt.*;
class shapes extends JPanel {
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
Comp-U-Learn
19

g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.drawRect(20,30,100,70);
g.drawLine(180,220,300,270);
g.drawRoundRect(140,40,80,50,15,15);
g.drawOval(30,120,100,40);
Polygon p = new Polygon();
p.addPoint(320,320);
g.drawPolygon(p);
g.setColor(Color.orange);
g.fillRect(320,30,100,70);
g.fillRoundRect(70,220,80,50,15,15);
g.fill3DRect(120,300,100,30,true);
for(int i=1;i<=7;i++)
g.draw3DRect(120-i,300-i,100+2*(i-1),30+2*(i-1),true);
g.fill3DRect(120,370,100,30,false);
for(int i=1;i<=7;i++)
g.draw3DRect(120-i,370-i,100+2*(i-1),30+2*(i-1),true);
g.fillOval(200,130,100,40);
}
}
class frame extends JFrame {
public frame() {
setTitle(Drawing Shapes);
setSize(500,500);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
System.exit(0);
}
});
Container con = getContentPane();
con.add(new shapes());
}
}
public class diagram
{
JFrame fr = new frame();
fr.show();
}
}
20
Comp-U-Learn
Swing in Java
7KH RXWSXW RI WKH SURJUDP LV VKRZQ EHORZ
Fig 1.8
JScrollBar
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VFUROO EDU
Comp-U-Learn
21
Example 1.9:
import java.awt.*;
public class ColorSelect extends JFrame
implements AdjustmentListener
private JLabel redLabel;
private JLabel greenLabel;
private JLabel blueLabel;
private JScrollBar red;
private JScrollBar green;
private JScrollBar blue;
private JPanel colorPanel;
{
public ColorSelect()
{ setTitle(ColorSelect);
setSize(300, 200);
{ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
{ System.exit(0);
}
} );
Container contentPane = getContentPane();
JPanel p = new JPanel();
p.setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 2));
p.add(redLabel = new JLabel(Red 0));
p.add(red = new JScrollBar(Adjustable.HORIZONTAL,
0, 0, 0, 255));
red.setBlockIncrement(16);
red.addAdjustmentListener(this);
p.add(greenLabel = new JLabel(Green 0));
p.add(green = new JScrollBar(Adjustable.HORIZONTAL,
0, 0, 0, 255));
green.setBlockIncrement(16);
green.addAdjustmentListener(this);
p.add(blueLabel = new JLabel(Blue 0));
p.add(blue = new JScrollBar(Adjustable.HORIZONTAL,
0, 0, 0, 255));
blue.setBlockIncrement(16);
blue.addAdjustmentListener(this);
contentPane.add(p, South);
colorPanel = new JPanel();
colorPanel.setBackground(new Color(0, 0, 0));
contentPane.add(colorPanel, Center);
}
22
Comp-U-Learn
Swing in Java
public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent evt)

{ redLabel.setText(Red + red.getValue());
greenLabel.setText(Green + green.getValue());
blueLabel.setText(Blue + blue.getValue());
colorPanel.setBackground(new Color(red.getValue(),
green.getValue(), blue.getValue()));
colorPanel.repaint();
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{ Frame f = new ColorSelect();
f.show();
}
}
Fig. 1.9
JRadioButton
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Comp-U-Learn
23
Example 1.10:
import
import
import
import
javax.swing.*;
java.awt.*;
java.awt.event.*;
class radiopanel extends JPanel

{
public radiopanel()
{
setLayout(new GridLayout(4,1));
JRadioButton rb;
ButtonGroup bg=new ButtonGroup();
JLabel l=new JLabel(Ice creams);
l.setFont(new Font(Times New Roman,Font.BOLD,12));
add(l);
rb=new JRadioButton(Vanilla);
add(rb);
bg.add(rb);
rb.setSelected(true);
rb=new JRadioButton(Cassatta);
add(rb);
bg.add(rb);
rb=new JRadioButton(Strawberry);
add(rb);
bg.add(rb);
}}
{
public ourframe()
{
setSize(300,500);
{
{
System.exit(0);
}
});
con.add(new radiopanel());
24
Comp-U-Learn
Swing in Java
}}
public class Radio
{
{
fr.show();
}}
7KH RXWSXW RI WKH SURJUDP LV VKRZQ DV IROORZV
Fig 1.10
Summary
In this session, we learnt about the basic concepts of Java Foundation Classes, Swing
components, Swing Component hierarchy and some methods in those classes. We
tried some Swing components like Button, Toggle Button, Slider, Progress Bar, Table
and Image List. Then we also wrote a program, which enabled us to draw some
geometric figures. The difference between AWT and Swing is only a hairline. The
event handling in Swing is the same as in AWT. However, swing provides a rich
source of components and other added features. The major difference lies in the
usage of canvas in AWT. Only we can draw on the canvas area. The method paint() is
substituted by paintComponent() in Swings. Here, we can draw on any Swing
Component not essentially on a canvas. We will learn about more Swing components
in the next session.
Comp-U-Learn
25
Going Over It Again

I. Fill in the Blanks

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II. State True or False

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III. One line Answers

26
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Comp-U-Learn
Session 2
Swing Component

) Windows and Borders in Swing

) Different types of JOptionPane methods
) Input Dialog Box and its usage
) Implementing JMenu and Jtree
) Pluggable Look and Feel
) Using JComboBox
In This Session...
Introduction
Windows
Borders
Layouts
JoptionPane
Input Dialog Box
Jlabel
Menus
Jtree
Look and Feel
Timer
JComboBox
Swing Components
Introduction
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Windows
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RI WKH $:7 :LQGRZ FODVV KLHUDUFK\ 7KH -:LQGRZ FODVV H[WHQGV WKH $:7 :LQGRZ FODVV
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LV D SDUW RI D -URRW3DQH REMHFW WKDW FRQWDLQV RWKHU SDQHV XVHG IRU RYHUOD\LQJ FRPSRQHQWV DQG
LQWHUFHSWLQJ PRXVH DQG NH\ERDUG HYHQWV
Borders
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LQWHUIDFH DQG LV WKH VXSHUFODVV RI WKH 6ZLQJ ERUGHU FODVVHV ,WV VXEFODVVHV LQFOXGH
BevelBorder
CompoundBorder
EmptyBorder
EtchedBorder
LineBorder
MatteBorder
SoftBevelBorder
TitledBorder
A border that is beveled and raised or lowered

A border consisting of multiple other borders
An empty border used to provide margins.
A border that is etched with highlight and shadow colors.
A border that draws a line around a component
A border that comprises of an image or color
A beveled border with softened corners.
A boxed border with a title.
Layouts
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IROORZLQJ OD\RXWV DUH VXSSRUWHG E\ 6ZLQJ
Comp-U-Learn
31
BoxLayout lays out components in a box like fashion along the x-axis or y-axis
RootPane.RootLayout Used to layout JRootPane objects
OverlayLayout Allows components to be laid out in an overlapping fashion
ScrollPaneLayout Automatically created, managed and used by ScrollPane
objects
SpringLayout Used to lay out components in terms of relative positions, without
determining component sizes.
ViewportLayout Defines the layout used by a JViewport object.
JOptionPane
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LV XVHG WR
Display message dialog boxes

Display and process confirmation dialog boxes
Display and process input dialog boxes
Display and process selection dialog boxes
Display and run Actions
Use internal frame versions of the dialog boxes.
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LV
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6KRZ;;;'LDORJ
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32
Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
ShowMessageDialog
ShowConfirmDialog
ShowOptionDialog
ShowInputDialog
Show a message and wait for the user to click OK.

Show a message and get a confirmation like OK or
Cancel
Show a message and get a user option from a set of
options
Show a message and get one line of user input
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PHVVDJH W\SHV
ERROR_MESSAGE
INFORMATION_MESSAGE
WARNING_MESSAGE
QUESTION_MESSAGE
PLAIN_MESSAGE
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IROORZV
String
Icon
Component
Object[]
draw the string

show the icon
show the component
Show all objects in the array.
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ShowMessageDialog
ShowConfirmDialog
ShowOptionDialog
ShowInputDialog
None
An integer representing the chosen option
An integer representing the chosen option
The stringthat the user supplied or selected
Comp-U-Learn
33

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OK_OPTION
CANCEL_OPTION
YES_OPTION
NO_OPTION
CLOSED_OPTION
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Property
ICON_PROPERTY
INITIAL_SELECTION_VALUE_PR
OPERTY
INITIAL_VALUE_PROPERTY
INPUT_VALUE_PROPERTY
MESSAGE_PROPERTY
MESSAGE_TYPE_PROPERTY
OPTION_TYPE_PROPERTY
OPTIONS_PROPERTY
SELECTION_VALUES_PROPERTY
VALUE_PROPERTY
WANTS_INPUT_PROPERTY
Setter Method
setIcon
setInitialSelectionValue
Getter Method
getIcon
getInitialSelectionValue
setInitialValue
setInputValue
setMessage
setMessageType
setOptionType
setOptions
setSelectionValues
setValue
setWantsInput
getInitialValue
getInputValue
getMessage
getMessageType
getOptionTyp
getOptions
Get SelectionValue
GetValue
GetWantsInput
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Fig. 2.1
34
Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
Fig. 2.2
7KH FRGH IRU WKH DERYH SURJUDP LV DV IROORZV
Example 2.1:
public class options extends Object
{
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,Simple Dialog Box);
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,Error Dialog Box with
title,Title,JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
System.exit(0);
}
}
,Q WKH DERYH SURJUDP ZH DUH GLVSOD\LQJ WZR VLPSOH GLDORJ ER[HV ,Q WKH ILUVW GLDORJ ER[ ZH DUH
VLPSO\ GLVSOD\LQJ D 0HVVDJH %R[ WKDW KDV WKH GHIDXOW WLWOH 0HVVDJH ,Q WKH VHFRQG GLDORJ ER[
ZH DUH GLVSOD\LQJ D GLDORJ ER[ WKDW KDV (UURU DV WLWOH $OVR WKH LFRQV GLVSOD\HG LQ WKHVH GLDORJ
ER[HV DOVR YDU\ ,Q WKH ILUVW FDVH LQIRUPDWLRQ LFRQ LV GLVSOD\HG ,Q WKH VHFRQG FDVH LFRQ IRU HUURU
PHVVDJH LV EHLQJ GLVSOD\HG
1RZ OHW XV VHH DQRWKHU SURJUDP
Example 2.2:
public class option extends Object
{
{
int result=JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,Continue?,Give
your option,JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
switch(result)
{
Comp-U-Learn
35
case JOptionPane.YES_OPTION:
System.out.println(Yes Button);
break;
case JOptionPane.NO_OPTION:
System.out.println(No Button);
break;
case JOptionPane.CLOSED_OPTION:
System.out.println(Closed Button);
break;
}
System.exit(0);
}
}
7KH RXWSXW RI WKH DERYH SURJUDP LV VKRZQ EHORZ
Fig. 2.3
7KH RXWSXW RQ WKH FRQVROH LV VKRZQ DV IROORZV
:KHQ <HV %XWWRQ LV FOLFNHG
C:\jdk1.2\bin>java option
<HV %XWWRQ
:KHQ 1R %XWWRQ LV FOLFNHG
1R %XWWRQ
:KHQ WKH &ORVH %XWWRQ LV FOLFNHG E\ WKH XVHU WR WHUPLQDWH WKH GLDORJ ER[
36
Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
&ORVHG %XWWRQ
+HUH D VLPSOH GLDORJ ER[ LV GLVSOD\HG RQ WKH VFUHHQ :KHQ WKH XVHU FOLFNV RQ DQ\ RSWLRQ
$SSURSULDWH 0HVVDJHV DUH GLVSOD\HG RQ WKH FRPPDQG SURPSW $ FORVHU ORRN WR WKH RXWSXW ZLOO
HQDEOH XV WR XQGHUVWDQG WKLV
1RZ ZH ZLOO VHH DQRWKHU SURJUDP WKDW ZLOO GLVSOD\ D ,QSXW'LDORJ %R[
Input Dialog Box

7KHUH FDQ EH VLWXDWLRQV ZKLFK PD\ ZDUUDQW WKH XVHU LQSXW DW WLPHV 7KH -2SWLRQ3DQH
FODVV
SURYLGHV WKH VKRZ,QSXW'LDORJ WR TXHU\ WKH XVHU IRU VLPSOH RQHOLQH LQSXW UHTXLUHPHQWV 7KH
GHIDXOW LFRQ LQ WKLV W\SH RI PHVVDJH ER[ LV 48(67,21B0(66$*( 7KH VKRZLQSXW'LDORJ
PHWKRG UHWXUQV D 6WULQJ FRQWDLQLQJ WKH WH[W HQWHUHG E\ WKH XVHU ,I WKH &DQFHO %XWWRQ LV FOLFNHG
RU WKH :LQGRZ LV FORVHG D QXOO6WULQJ LV UHWXUQHG ,I ZH FOLFN WKH 2. %XWWRQ ZLWKRXW HQWHULQJ
DQ\WKLQJ RQ WKH WH[W DUHD RI WKH GLDORJ ER[ DQ HPSW\ VWULQJ LV UHWXUQHG $QRWKHU ZD\ RI XVDJH LV
SDVVLQJ DQ DUUD\ RI REMHFWV WR WKH ,QSXW 'LDORJ %R[ $ OLVW RI RSWLRQV LV JLYHQ WR WKH XVHU WR EH
VHOHFWHG $Q REMHFW IURP WKH JLYHQ OLVW LV SURYLGHG ZKLFK EH VKRZQ DV WKH GHIDXOW VHOHFWLRQ 7KLV
REMHFW VKRXOG EH RQO\ IURP WKH OLVW 7KDW LV RQH RI WKH REMHFWV LQ WKH REMHFW DUUD\ LV XVHG DV D
GHIDXOW VHOHFWLRQ 7KH SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI WKH FKRLFH WR WKH XVHU LV QRW GHILQHG LQ WKH -)&
VSHFLILFDWLRQ ,W LV OHIW IRU WKH ORRN DQG IHHO LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ +RZHYHU HDFK RI WKH ORRN DQG IHHO
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQV FRQWDLQHG LQ WKH -)& XVH D -&RPER%R[ IRU SUHVHQWDWLRQ
,Q WKH IROORZLQJ SURJUDP LQLWLDOO\ DQ LQSXW GLDORJ ER[ LV GLVSOD\HG 7KLV DVNV IRU WKH XVHUV QDPH
DQG WKH QDPH HQWHUHG E\ WKH XVHU LV GLVSOD\HG RQ WKH FRPPDQG SURPSW 7KLV LV D QRUPDO LQSXW
ER[ WKDW KDV QR FKRLFHV DYDLODEOH ,Q WKH VHFRQG FDVH DQ ,QSXW %R[ LV GLVSOD\HG DORQJ ZLWK D OLVW
RI IORZHUV )URP WKH JLYHQ OLVW WKH GHIDXOW VHOHFWLRQ LV 5RVH 7KH XVHU FDQ VHOHFW DQ\ RWKHU
YDOXH DOVR 7KH VHOHFWHG LWHP LV GLVSOD\HG DW WKH FRPPDQG SURPSW 7KH FRGH DQG RXWSXW IRU WKLV
SURJUDP LV JLYHQ EHORZ ,Q WKLV SURJUDP DQ DUUD\ RI 6WULQJ LQVWDQFHV DUH FUHDWHG DQG LQLWLDOL]HG
$IWHU WKH XVHU GLVPLVVHV WKH GLDORJ ER[ WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ HFKRHV WKH XVHUV FKRLFH WR WKH FRQVROH
7KH GLDORJ ER[ GRHV QRW FRQWDLQ DQ\ LFRQ EHFDXVH WKH 3/$,1B0(66$*( W\SH LV XVHG DV D
SDUDPHWHU 7KH UHWXUQ YDOXH LV DQ 2EMHFW 7KH UHWXQH YDOXH ZLOO EH WKH REMHFW VHOHFWHG E\ WKH XVHU
ZKHQ KH FOLFNV RQ WKH 2. %XWWRQ ,I WKH XVHU FOLFNV HLWKHU WKH &DQFHO %XWWRQ RU :LQGRZ &ORVH
%XWWRQ WKH UHWXUQ YDOXH LV QXOO
Example 2.3:
public class input extends Object
{
{
Comp-U-Learn
37

String[]
flow={Rose,Lilly,Jasmine,Marigold,Tulip,Poppy,Zinna
,Dairy};
String ans=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,Enter your
Name,Test Input,JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE);
System.out.println(Your name is +ans);
Object sel=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,Select from the
flowers given,Flower
List,JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE,null,flow,flow[0]);
System.out.println(Your Favourite Flower from selection is
+sel);
System.exit(0);
}
}
2XWSXW RI WKH SURJUDP LV VKRZQ EHORZ
Fig. 2.4
Fig 2.5
7KH RXWSXW DW FRPPDQG SURPSW LV VKRZQ EHORZ
C:\jdk1.2\bin>java input
38
Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
<RXU QDPH LV +DULVK &KDQG
<RXU )DYRULWH )ORZHU IURP VHOHFWLRQ LV 7XOLS
C:\jdk1.2\bin>java input
<RXU QDPH LV QXOO
<RXU )DYRULWH )ORZHU IURP VHOHFWLRQ LV QXOO
Custom Options Creation

,I WKH EXWWRQ FRPELQDWLRQV SURYLGHG E\ WKH SUHGHILQHG RSWLRQ FKRLFH FRQVWDQWV GRQW PHHW WKH
QHHGV RI D GLDORJ ER[ WKH VKRZ2SWLRQ'LDORJ PHWKRG LV SURYLGHG WR FXVWRPL]H WKH RSWLRQ
EXWWRQV FRQWDLQHG LQ WKH GLDORJ ER[ +HUH DOVR ZH SDVV DQ DUUD\ RI 2EMHFW LQVWDQFHV WKDW DUH
XVHG DV WKH RSWLRQV SUHVHQWHG WR WKH XVHU :H FDQ PDNH RQH RSWLRQ DV WKH GHIDXOW VHOHFWLRQ ,I
WKH LWHPV LQ WKH DUUD\ DUH &RPSRQHQWV WKH\ DUH XVHG GLUHFWO\ $Q LFRQ RSWLRQ LV SODFHG RQ D
-%XWWRQ LQVWDQFH DQG DGGHG WR WKH GLDORJ ER[ /HW XV VHH WKH XVDJH RI VKRZ2SWLRQ'LDORJ E\
XVLQJ DQ H[DPSOH
Example 2.4:
public class custom extends Object
{
{
String[] opt={Abort,Retry,Cancel,Ignore};
int choice=JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null,Do you want to
debug the application,Application
Error,JOptionPane.YES_NO_CANCEL_OPTION+JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTIO
N,JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE,null,opt,opt[3]);
switch(choice)
{
case 0:
System.out.println(Abort Chosen);
break;
case 1:
System.out.println(Retry Chosen);
break;
case 2:
System.out.println(Cancel Chosen);
break;
case 3:
System.out.println(Ignore Chosen);
break;
case JOptionPane.CLOSED_OPTION:
System.out.println(Dialog Closed);
break;
}
System.exit(0);
}
}
Comp-U-Learn
39

Fig 2.6
7KH RXWSXW VKRZQ LQ WKH FRPPDQG SURPSW LV DV IROORZV
C:\jdk1.2\bin>javac custom.java
C:\jdk1.2\bin>java custom
$ERUW &KRVHQ
&DQFHO &KRVHQ
5HWU\ &KRVHQ
,Q WKH DERYH SURJUDP ZH DUH GLVSOD\LQJ D VLPSOH GLDORJ ER[ ZLWK WKH WLWOH DV $SSOLFDWLRQ
(UURU DQG WKH PHVVDJH 'R \RX ZDQW WR GHEXJ WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ 7KH GLDORJ ER[ KDV IRXU
EXWWRQV $ERUW 5HWU\ &DQFHO DQG ,JQRUH 7KHVH IRXU EXWWRQV DUH FXVWRP FUHDWHG 7KH EXWWRQ
QDPHV DUH VWRUHG DV D 6WULQJ DUUD\ DQG WKH GLDORJ ER[ LV FUHDWHG XVLQJ WKH VKRZ2SWLRQ'LDORJ
PHWKRG 7KH GHIDXOW VHOHFWLRQ LQ WKLV H[DPSOH LV ,JQRUH %XWWRQ 7KH UHWXUQ YDOXH RI WKLV PHWKRG
LV WKH EXWWRQ WKDW ZDV VHOHFWHG E\ WKH XVHU $SSURSULDWH PHVVDJHV DUH GLVSOD\HG RQ WKH FRQVROH
GHSHQGLQJ XSRQ WKH XVHUV VHOHFWLRQ
7KLV LV DOVR GLVSOD\HG DERYH IRU HDV\ UHIHUHQFH &DUH VKRXOG EH WDNHQ LQ WKLV SURJUDP EHFDXVH
DQ\ FKDQJH LQ WKH RUGHU RI REMHFWV LQ WKH 6WULQJ DUUD\ ZLOO SURGXFH KDSKD]DUG UHVXOWV 7KLV LV
EHFDXVH WKH VZLWFKFDVH XVHV WKH KLHUDUFK\ RI EXWWRQ LQ WKH 6WULQJ REMHFW DQG WKH DFWXDO UHIHUHQFH
RI WKH EXWWRQ 7KDW LV ZH DUH QRW XVLQJ WKH UHWXUQ YDOXHV DV <(6B237,21 12B237,21 RU
&/26('B237,21 UDWKHU DV ZKLFK DUH QRWKLQJ EXW WKH LQGH[ YDOXH RI WKH LWHPV LQ WKH
DUUD\ +HQFH DQ\ FKDQJH LQ WKH LQGH[ VKRXOG KDYH D FRUUHVSRQGLQJ FKDQJH LQ WKH VZLWFK FDVH
VWDWHPHQW DOVR ,Q WKLV SURJUDP ZH KDYH IRXU EXWWRQV FDQ WKH <HV 1R &DQFHO
ZKLFK ZH UHQDPH DV $ERUW 5HWU\ FDQFHO DQG ,JQRUH
40
Comp-U-Learn
2. EXWWRQV
Swing Components
1RZ OHW XV VHH D FRPSOHWH SURJUDP WKDW ZLOO GLVSOD\ DOO WKH SRVVLEOH RSWLRQV LQ -2SWLRQ3DQH
+HUH LQ WKLV SURJUDP 7KH PHWKRGRORJ\ LV H[SODLQHG KHUHXQGHU
First choose the dialog type (message, confirmation, option or input)

Choose the icon (error, information, warning, question, none or custom)
Choose the message (String, icon, custom component, or a stack of them)
For a confirmation dialog, choose the option type (default, Yes/No,
Yes/No/cancel, or Ok/Cancel).
For an option dialog, choose the options (Strings, icons, or custom components)
and the default option.
For an input dialog, choose between a text field and a combo box.
Locate the appropriate method to call in the JOptionPane API.
Example 2.5:
import
import
import
import
java.awt.*;
java.awt.event.*;
javax.swing.*;
class ButtonPanel extends JPanel

{ public ButtonPanel(String title, String[] options)
{ setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder
(BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(), title));
setLayout(new BoxLayout(this,
BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
group = new ButtonGroup();
for (int i = 0; i < options.length; i++)
{ JRadioButton b = new JRadioButton(options[i]);
b.setActionCommand(options[i]);
add(b);
group.add(b);
b.setSelected(i == 0);
}
}
String getSelection()
{ return group.getSelection().getActionCommand();
}
ButtonGroup group;
}
public class OptionDialogTest extends JFrame
implements ActionListener
{ public OptionDialogTest()
{ setTitle(OptionDialogTest);
setSize(600, 400);
Comp-U-Learn
41

{ System.exit(0);
}
} );
JPanel gridPanel = new JPanel();
gridPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 3));
typePanel = new ButtonPanel(Type,
new String[]
{ Message,
Confirm,
Option,
Input
});
messageTypePanel = new ButtonPanel(Message Type,
new String[]
{ ERROR_MESSAGE,
INFORMATION_MESSAGE,
WARNING_MESSAGE,
QUESTION_MESSAGE,
PLAIN_MESSAGE
});
messagePanel = new ButtonPanel(Message,
new String[]
{ String,
Icon,
Component,
Other,
Object[]
});
optionTypePanel = new ButtonPanel(Confirm,
new String[]
{ DEFAULT_OPTION,
YES_NO_OPTION,
YES_NO_CANCEL_OPTION,
OK_CANCEL_OPTION
});
optionsPanel = new ButtonPanel(Option,
new String[]
{ String[],
Icon[],
Object[]
});
inputPanel = new ButtonPanel(Input,
new String[]
{ Text field,
Combo box
});
42
Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
JPanel showPanel = new JPanel();

JButton showButton = new JButton(Show);
showButton.addActionListener(this);
showPanel.add(showButton);
gridPanel.add(typePanel);
gridPanel.add(messageTypePanel);
gridPanel.add(messagePanel);
gridPanel.add(optionTypePanel);
gridPanel.add(optionsPanel);
gridPanel.add(showPanel);
gridPanel.add(inputPanel);
contentPane.add(gridPanel, Center);
contentPane.add(showPanel, South);
}
public Object getMessage()
{ String s = messagePanel.getSelection();
if (s.equals(String))
return messageString;
else if (s.equals(Icon))
return messageIcon;
else if (s.equals(Component))
return messageComponent;
else if (s.equals(Object[]))
return new Object[]
{ messageString,
messageIcon,
messageComponent,
messageFont
};
else if (s.equals(Other))
return messageFont;
else return null;
}
public Object[] getOptions()
{ String s = optionsPanel.getSelection();
if (s.equals(String[]))
return new String[] { Yellow, Blue, Red };
else if (s.equals(Icon[]))
return new Icon[]
{ new ImageIcon(icecream.gif),
new ImageIcon(peach.gif),
new ImageIcon(peas.gif)
};
else if (s.equals(Object[]))
return new Object[]
{ messageString,
messageIcon,
messageComponent,
messageFont
Comp-U-Learn
43

};
else
return null;
}
public int getType(ButtonPanel panel)
{ String s = panel.getSelection();
try
{ Class cl = JOptionPane.class;
return cl.getField(s).getInt(cl);
}
catch(Exception e)
{ return -1;
}
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt)
{ if (typePanel.getSelection().equals(Confirm))
JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(this,
getMessage(),
Title,
getType(optionTypePanel),
getType(messageTypePanel));
else if (typePanel.getSelection().equals(Input))
{ if (inputPanel.getSelection().equals(Text field))
JOptionPane.showInputDialog(this,
getMessage(),
Title,
else
JOptionPane.showInputDialog(this,
getMessage(),
Title,
getType(messageTypePanel),
null,
new String[] { Yellow, Blue, Red },
Blue);
}
else if (typePanel.getSelection().equals(Message))
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,
getMessage(),
Title,
else if (typePanel.getSelection().equals(Option))
JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(this,
getMessage(),
Title,
getType(optionTypePanel),
getType(messageTypePanel),
null,
getOptions(),
getOptions()[0]);
}
44
Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
{
JFrame f = new OptionDialogTest();

f.show();
}
private
private
private
private
private
private
ButtonPanel
ButtonPanel
ButtonPanel
ButtonPanel
ButtonPanel
ButtonPanel
typePanel;
messagePanel;
messageTypePanel;
optionTypePanel;
optionsPanel;
inputPanel;
private String messageString = Message;

private Icon messageIcon
= new ImageIcon(peach.gif);
private Font messageFont
= new Font(Serif, Font.PLAIN, 8);
private Component messageComponent
= new JPanel()
{ public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
{ super.paintComponent(g);
g.setFont(messageFont);
g.drawString(Component, 0, 8);
}
public Dimension getMinimumSize()
{ return new Dimension(12, 30);
}
};
}
7KH RXWSXW RI WKH SURJUDP LV VKRZQ LQ WKH )LJ
Fig 2.7
Comp-U-Learn
45
Fig 2.8
JLabel
$ -/DEHO LV D VLQJOH ODEHO VLPLODU WR MDYDDZW/DEHO $GGLWLRQDO IXQFWLRQDOLW\ DUH DV IROORZV
Add an Icon
Set the vertical and horizontal position of text relative to Icon
Set the relative position of contents within component
/HW XV VHH D VLPSOH SURJUDP WKDW ZLOO GHPRQVWUDWH ODEHO
Example 2.6:
import java.awt.*;
class label extends JPanel
{
public label()
{
JLabel l1=new JLabel(Our First label);
add(l1);
JLabel l2=new JLabel(Our Second Label);
Font f=new Font(Times New Roman,Font.BOLD+ Font.ITALIC,20);
l2.setFont(f);
Icon i=new
ImageIcon(c:/jdk1.2/demo/jfc/Java2D/images/boat.gif);
l2.setIcon(i);
l2.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.RIGHT);
add(l2);
}
}
{
46
Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
public ourframe()
{
setSize(300,500);
{
{
System.exit(0);
}
});
con.add(new label());
}
}
public class lab
{
{
fr.show();
}
}
7KH RXWSXW RI WKH SURJUDP GLVSOD\HG LV VKRZQ EHORZ
Fig. 2.9
,Q WKLV SURJUDP ZH DUH GLVSOD\LQJ WKH ODEHOV 7KH ILUVW ODEHO LV D VLPSOH ODEHO DQG WKH QH[W ODEHO LV
KLJKO\ VRSKLVWLFDWHG +HUH ZH DUH DWWDFKLQJ DQ ,PDJH WR WKH ODEHO
Comp-U-Learn
47
Menus
6ZLQJ PHQXV OLNH 6ZLQJ ZLQGRZV DUH DQDORJRXV WR WKHLU $:7 FRXQWHUSDUWV 7KH -0HQX%DU
-0HQX -0HQX,WHP -FKHFN%R[0HQX,WHP DQG -UDGLR%XWWRQ0HQX,WHP FODVVHV DUH XVHG LQ WKH
VDPH PDQQHU DV WKH $:7 0HQX%DU 0HQX 0HQX,WHP DQG &KHFN%R[0HQX,WHP FODVVHV 7KH
6ZLQJ 0HQX FODVVHV DUH DOO VXE FODVVHV RI -&RPSRQHQW FODVV +HQFH WKH 6ZLQJ PHQXV DUH DOO ILUVW
FODVV FRPSRQHQWV XQOLNH $:7 0HQXV DQG FDQ EH XVHG ZLWK DQ\ &RQWDLQHU FODVVHV 7KH
LPSRUWDQW IHDWXUH LQ 6ZLQJ PHQXV LV WKH FDSDELOLW\ WR XVH LFRQ LPDJHV LQ PHQXV $Q LPDJH FDQ
EH DGGHG WR D PHQX LWHP YLD LWV FRQVWUXFWRU 7KH IROORZLQJ SURJUDP FRQVWUXFWV D VDPSOH PHQX
Example 2.7:
import
import
import
import
java.awt.*;
java.awt.event.*;
javax.swing.*;
public class MenuTest extends JFrame

implements ActionListener, MenuListener
{ public MenuTest()
{ setTitle(MenuTest);
setSize(400, 300);
{ System.exit(0);
}
} );
JMenuBar mbar = new JMenuBar();
setJMenuBar(mbar);
JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu(File);
fileMenu.addMenuListener(this);
JMenuItem openItem = new JMenuItem(Open);
openItem.setAccelerator
(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_O,
InputEvent.CTRL_MASK));
saveItem = new JMenuItem(Save);
saveItem.setAccelerator
(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_S,
InputEvent.CTRL_MASK));
saveAsItem = new JMenuItem(Save As);
mbar.add(makeMenu(fileMenu,
new Object[]
{ New,
openItem,
null,
saveItem,
saveAsItem,
48
Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
null,
Exit
},
this));
readonlyItem = new JCheckBoxMenuItem(Read-only);
ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
JRadioButtonMenuItem insertItem
= new JRadioButtonMenuItem(Insert);
insertItem.setSelected(true);
JRadioButtonMenuItem overtypeItem
= new JRadioButtonMenuItem(Overtype);
group.add(insertItem);
group.add(overtypeItem);
mbar.add(makeMenu(Edit,
new Object[]
{ new JMenuItem(Cut,
new ImageIcon(cut.gif)),
new JMenuItem(Copy,
new ImageIcon(copy.gif)),
new JMenuItem(Paste,
new ImageIcon(paste.gif)),
null,
makeMenu(Options,
new Object[]
{ readonlyItem,
null,
insertItem,
overtypeItem
},
this)
},
this));
JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu(Help);
helpMenu.setMnemonic(H);
mbar.add(makeMenu(helpMenu,
new Object[]
{ new JMenuItem(Index, I),
new JMenuItem(About, A)
},
this));
popup = makePopupMenu(
new Object[]
{ Cut,
Copy,
Paste
},
this);
getContentPane().addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter()
Comp-U-Learn
49

{
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent evt)

{ if (evt.isPopupTrigger())
popup.show(evt.getComponent(),
evt.getX(), evt.getY());
}
});
}
{ String arg = evt.getActionCommand();
System.out.println(arg);
if(arg.equals(Exit))
System.exit(0);
}
public void menuSelected(MenuEvent evt)
{ saveItem.setEnabled(!readonlyItem.isSelected());
saveAsItem.setEnabled(!readonlyItem.isSelected());
}
public void menuDeselected(MenuEvent evt)
{
}
public void menuCanceled(MenuEvent evt)
{
}
public static JMenu makeMenu(Object parent,
Object[] items, Object target)
{ JMenu m = null;
if (parent instanceof JMenu)
m = (JMenu)parent;
else if (parent instanceof String)
m = new JMenu((String)parent);
else
return null;
for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i++)
{ if (items[i] == null)
m.addSeparator();
else
m.add(makeMenuItem(items[i], target));
}
return m;
}
public static JMenuItem makeMenuItem(Object item,
Object target)
{ JMenuItem r = null;
if (item instanceof String)
r = new JMenuItem((String)item);
else if (item instanceof JMenuItem)
r = (JMenuItem)item;
else return null;
50
Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
if (target instanceof ActionListener)
r.addActionListener((ActionListener)target);
return r;
}
public static JPopupMenu makePopupMenu
(Object[] items, Object target)
{ JPopupMenu m = new JPopupMenu();
for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i++)
{ if (items[i] == null)
m.addSeparator();
else
m.add(makeMenuItem(items[i], target));
}
return m;
}
{ Frame f = new MenuTest();
f.show();
}
private JMenuItem saveItem;
private JMenuItem saveAsItem;
private JCheckBoxMenuItem readonlyItem;
private JPopupMenu popup;
}
Fig. 2.10
Comp-U-Learn
51

2XWSXW VKRZLQJ WKH VKRUW FXW 0HQX
Fig. 2.11
7KH RXWSXW RQ WKH FRPPDQG OLQH ZKHQ WKH PHQXV DUH VHOHFWHG LV VKRZQ DV IROORZV
C:\jdk1.2\bin>java MenuTest
Overtype
Read-only
Copy
New
Open
Cut
Paste
Index
About
Insert
Exit
$ PHQX EDU RQ WRS RI WKH ZLQGRZ FRQWDLQV WKH QDPHV RI WKH SXOO GRZQ PHQXV ,Q WKLV H[DPSOH
ZH KDYH FUHDWHG D PHQX EDU DQG DGGHG LW WR WKH IUDPH 7KH PHQX EDU DSSHDUV RQ WKH WRS RI WKH
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52
Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
JTree
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Example 2.8:
import
import
import
import
import
java.awt.*;
java.awt.event.*;
javax.swing.*;
javax.swing.tree.*;
public class SwingTree extends JFrame {

public static String TITLE = SwingTree;
Container frameContainer;
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane();
JTree tree;
Renderer renderer = new Renderer();
DefaultMutableTreeNode mn =
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Sample Tree Structure);
DefaultMutableTreeNode stat =
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Stationary);
DefaultMutableTreeNode sn1 =
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Computer);
DefaultMutableTreeNode n1 =
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Floppy Disk);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Printer Catridge);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Compact Disks);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Print out paper);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Digitizer);
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new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Non Computer);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Erazer);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Pencil);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Sharpener);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Scale);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Ball Pins);
DefaultMutableTreeNode food =
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Food Items);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Vegetables);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Brinjal);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Tomato);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Pumpkin);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Turnip);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Raddish);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Fruits);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Guava);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Mango);
DefaultMutableTreeNode n18=
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Apple);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Banana);
new DefaultMutableTreeNode(Fig);
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu(File);
JMenuItem fileExit = new JMenuItem(Exit);
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Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
public SwingTree() {
super(TITLE);
buildGUI();
setupEventHandlers();
setSize(500,500);
show();
}
void buildGUI() {
fileMenu.add(fileExit);
menuBar.add(fileMenu);
setJMenuBar(menuBar);
mn.add(stat);
mn.add(food);
stat.add(sn1);
stat.add(sn2);
food.add(sn3);
food.add(sn4);
sn1.add(n1);
sn1.add(n2);
sn1.add(n3);
sn1.add(n4);
sn1.add(n5);
sn2.add(n6);
sn2.add(n7);
sn2.add(n8);
sn2.add(n9);
sn2.add(n10);
sn3.add(n11);
sn3.add(n12);
sn3.add(n13);
sn3.add(n14);
sn3.add(n15);
sn4.add(n16);
sn4.add(n17);
sn4.add(n18);
sn4.add(n19);
sn4.add(n20);
tree = new JTree(mn);
frameContainer = getContentPane();
frameContainer.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
tree.setCellRenderer(renderer);
scrollPane.getViewport().add(tree);
frameContainer.add(Center,scrollPane);
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}
void setupEventHandlers() {
fileExit.addActionListener(new MenuItemHandler());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingTree app = new SwingTree();
}
System.exit(0);
}
}
public class MenuItemHandler implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String cmd = e.getActionCommand();
if(cmd.equals(Exit)) System.exit(0);
}
}
class Renderer extends JLabel implements TreeCellRenderer {
public Component getTreeCellRendererComponent(JTree tree,
Object value, boolean selected, boolean expanded,
boolean leaf, int row, boolean hasFocus) {
setText(value.toString()+
);
return this;
}
}
}
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56
Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
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Fig. 2.12
Look and Feel

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Comp-U-Learn
57

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GLVSOD\HG WR WKH XVHU WKH YLHZ DQG WKH ZD\ WKDW WKH REMHFWV VWDWH LV XSGDWHG WKH FRQWUROOHU
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Example 2.9:
import java.awt.*;
class PlafPanel extends JPanel
{ public PlafPanel()
{ metalButton = new JButton(Metal);
motifButton = new JButton(Motif);
windowsButton = new JButton(Windows);
add(metalButton);
add(motifButton);
add(windowsButton);
metalButton.addActionListener(this);
motifButton.addActionListener(this);
windowsButton.addActionListener(this);
}
{ Object source = evt.getSource();
String plaf = ;
if (source == metalButton)
plaf = javax.swing.plaf.metal.MetalLookAndFeel;
else if (source == motifButton)
plaf = com.sun.java.swing.plaf.motif.MotifLookAndFeel;
else if (source == windowsButton)
plaf =
com.sun.java.swing.plaf.windows.WindowsLookAndFeel;
try
{ UIManager.setLookAndFeel(plaf);
SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(this);
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Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
}
catch(Exception e) {}
}
private JButton metalButton;
private JButton motifButton;
private JButton windowsButton;
}
class PlafFrame extends JFrame
{ public PlafFrame()
{ setTitle(PlafTest);
setSize(300, 200);
{ System.exit(0);
}
} );
contentPane.add(new PlafPanel());
}
}
public class PlafTest
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ JFrame frame = new PlafFrame();
frame.show();
}
}
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Fig. 2.13
Comp-U-Learn
59
Timer
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Example 2.10:
import java.awt.*;
public class time {
{
tPanel p1=new tPanel();
JFrame f=new fram();
f.show();
}
}
class fram extends JFrame
{
public fram()
{
setTitle(timer Demo);
setSize(400,400);
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Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
{
{
System.exit(0);
}
});
con.add(new tPanel());
setVisible(true);
}
}
class tPanel extends JPanel{
Timer timerActivity,timerCountdown;
int TIMEOUT=40;
int countdownTicks=TIMEOUT;
JLabel countdownDisplay;
public tPanel()
{
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
requestFocus();
String s=Application will terminate +TIMEOUT+ seconds of
inactivity ;
add(new JLabel(s),North);
add(countdownDisplay=new
JLabel(Integer.toString(TIMEOUT)),South);
addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter(){
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e)
{
timerActivity.restart();
countdownTicks=TIMEOUT;
updateDisplay();
}
});
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter(){
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e)
{
updateDisplay();
}
});
addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter(){
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e){
Comp-U-Learn
61

updateDisplay();
}
});
timerCountdown=new Timer(1000,new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{
serviceCountdownTimer();
}
});
timerCountdown.setRepeats(true);
timerActivity=new Timer(TIMEOUT*1000,new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{
serviceActivityTimer();
}
});
timerActivity.setRepeats(false);
timerCountdown.start();
timerActivity.start();
}
public boolean isFocusTraversable(){
return true;
}
public void handleUseractivity()
{
updateDisplay();
}
void serviceCountdownTimer(){
countdownTicks;
updateDisplay();
}
void updateDisplay(){
countdownDisplay.setText(Integer.toString(countdownTicks));
}
void serviceActivityTimer(){
System.exit(0);
}
}
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Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
Fig. 2.14
JComboBox
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Comp-U-Learn
63
Example 2.11
import java.awt.*;
class ComboBoxFrame extends JFrame
{
private ComboBoxTestPanel panel;
private JComboBox style;
public ComboBoxFrame()
{
setTitle(ComboBoxTest);
setSize(300,200);
{ System.exit(0);
}
} );
style = new JComboBox();
style.setEditable(true);
style.addItem(Serif);
style.addItem(SansSerif);
style.addItem(Courier);
style.addItem(Times New Roman);
style.addItem(Impact);
style.addActionListener(this);
JPanel p = new JPanel();
p.add(style);
getContentPane().add(p, South);
panel = new ComboBoxTestPanel();
getContentPane().add(panel, Center);
}
{
JComboBox source = (JComboBox)evt.getSource();
String item = (String)source.getSelectedItem();
panel.setStyle(item);
}
}
class ComboBoxTestPanel extends JPanel
{
public ComboBoxTestPanel()
{ setStyle(Serif);
}
public void setStyle(String s)
{
setFont(new Font(s, Font.PLAIN, 12));
repaint();
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Comp-U-Learn
Swing Components
}
public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString(We are learning JComboBox now with this
example,0,50);
}
}
public class ComboBoxTest
{
{
JFrame frame = new ComboBoxFrame();
frame.show();
}
}
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Fig. 2.15
Summary
In this session we learnt about JTree, JComboBox, JLabel, JTimer, JMenu and
JOptionPane. Java Swings has a huge amount of components. We have covered
some of the important components only. The appearance of these components will
give a clear idea regarding the Metal, Motif and Window look and feel types. Also
we have seen some of the new eventListeners and interfaces. We have also seen
some Swing events also. This will help us to have a clear idea on JFC and Swings.
Comp-U-Learn
65
Going Over It Again


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66
Comp-U-Learn
Session 3
Beans Fundamentals

) Java Beans Basics

) Beans Architecture
) Bean Box
) Creating a Bean
) Bundled Beans
In This Session...
Introduction to Java Beans
Beans Architecture
Bean Concepts
Bean Box
Using Bean Box
Menu Items in Bean Box
Using Bound Properties
Creating a Bean
Other Bundled Beans
The EventMonitor
JDBC SELECT
The QuoteMonitor
Beans Fundamentals
Introduction to Java Beans

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By adhering to specific naming conventions, known as design patterns, when

naming Bean features. Bean introspection relies on the API to discover Bean
features via design patterns.
By explicity providing property, method, and event information with a related
Bean Information class. A Bean information class implements the BeanInfo
interface.
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Fig. 3.4
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Using Bound Properties

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Beans Fundamentals
Fig. 3.11
Creating a Bean
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Create a bean source code as a java file in our JDKs bin directory and compile it
using javac.
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Create a jar file which will contain the .class file and a .mf file.
Copy the jar file into BDKs jars directory.
In command line run the beanbox usually we can get our bean in the Toolbox.
Example 3.1:
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.beans.*;
public class mybean extends Canvas
implements Serializable
{
public mybean()
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{
resize(100,60);
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillRect(30,10,30,40);
}
}
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Manifest-Version: 1.0
Name: mybean.class
Java-Bean: True
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Usage: jar {ctxu}[vfm0M] [jar-file] [manifest-file] [-C dir]

files ...
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list table of contents for archive
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store only; use no ZIP compression
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If any file is a directory then it is processed recursively.

The manifest file name and the archive file name needs to be
specified
in the same order the m and f flags are specified.
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Beans Fundamentals
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added manifest
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Fig. 3.14
Other Bundled Beans

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Comp-U-Learn
Beans Fundamentals
Fig.. 3.17
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Summary
In this session we have seen the basic things related to the Java Beans. Here
we have dealt about the BDK and its requirements. We have used some of the
bundled beans to get the practical idea about the beans. Also we have seen the
creation of our own beans and its display in the toolbox. Now we can create
our own bean and add it to the tool box.
Going Over It Again


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84
Comp-U-Learn
Session 4
Inside Beans

) Introspection
) Persistence in Beans
) Java.Beans Package
) BeanInfo Interface
In This Session...
Introspection
Making an Applet
Persistence
Making Beans Serializable
Java.Bean Package
Introspection Methods
BeanInfo Interface
Using BeanInfo Classes
Future Descriptor Classes
Event Handling Classes
Other Interfaces
Aggregation
Inside Beans
Introspection
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public class Introspector extends Object

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public String getString();

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public void addPulseListener(PulseListener pl);

public void removePulseListener(PulseListener pl);
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public void addEventTypeListener(EventTypeListener pl)

public void removeEventTypeListener(EventTypeListener pl)
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Inside Beans
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Fig. 4.4
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<html>
<head>
<title>Test page for MyApplet as an APPLET</Title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Test for MyApplet as an APPLET</h1>
90
Comp-U-Learn
P\DSSOHW
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Inside Beans
This is an example of the use of the generated
MyApplet applet. Notice the Applet tag requires several
archives, one per JAR used in building the Applet
<p>
<applet
archive=./myApplet.jar,./support.jar
,./jelly.jar
code=MyApplet
width=382
height=271
>
Trouble instantiating applet MyApplet!!
</applet>
</body>
</html>
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Inside Beans
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Methods
instantiate()
isInstanceOf()
getInstanceOf()
isDesignTime()
setDesignTime()
isGuiAvailable()
setGuiAvailable()
Usage
Creates an instance of a bean from the serialized
object.
Determines if a bean is of a specified class or
interface.
Returns an object that represents a particular view ofa
bean.
Determines whether beans are running in an
application builder environment.
Identifies the fact that beans are running in an
application builder environment.
Determines whether a GUI is available for beans.
Identifies the fact that a GUI is available for beans.
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Methods
getBeanInfo()
getBeanInfoSearchPath()
getBeanInfoSearchPath()
decapitalize()
Usage
Returns information about a class as a BeanInfo object.
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BeanInfo class.
Convert a String object to a standard variable name in
terms of capitalization.
BeanInfo Interface
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int getDefaultPropertyIndex()
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Inside Beans
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Write a BeanInfo class whose getIcon() method knows how to load the images.
Pack all the images and classes into jar archive.
Load the jar file into our tool of choice.
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Comp-U-Learn
95

package sunw.demo.juggler;
import java.beans.*;
import java.awt.Image.*;
public class JugglerBeanInfo extends SimpleBeanInfo
{
public Image getIcon(int iconKind)
{
if (iconKind == BeanInfo.ICON_COLOR_16x16)
{
Image img;
img = loadImage(JugglerIcon.gif);
return img;
}
return null;
}
}
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Manifest-Version: 1.0
Name: JugglerBean.class
Java-Bean: True
Name: JugglerBeanInfo.class
Java-Bean: False
Name: JugglerIcon.gif
Java-Bean: False
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96
Comp-U-Learn
Inside Beans
C:\jdk1.2\bin>jar cvfm <jar file> <manifest file> <all the .class
files>
<all the .gif files>
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Summary
In this session we have seen the introspection concept related to the Java Beans. Also
we have dealt with serialization in JavaBeans. We have used some of the classes in
the java.beans packages. In the middle of the session we have seen the BeanInfo
interface and its classes along with an example. At the end of the session we learnt
about various descriptors and its concepts.
98
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Inside Beans
Going Over It Again


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99
Session 5
Servlet Programming

) Java Servlets Basics

) Servlets Classes
) Developing & Running Servlets
) HTML Form Handling
) Life Cycle of Servlets
In This Session...
Introduction to Server-Side Java
Servlets
The Other World
Why Servlets?
Supports for Servlets
Servlet Architecture
Developing a Servlet
Running a Servlet
Handling HTML Form
Servlet Life Cycle
Init and Destroy Methods
Service Method
Servlet Programming
Introduction to Server-Side Java

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104
Comp-U-Learn
Servlet Programming
Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

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Vendor
Gefion Software
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IBM
Servlet Programming
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Comp-U-Learn
Servlet Programming
Example 5.1:
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class hello extends HttpServlet
{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,
HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
res.setContentType(text/html);
PrintWriter out= res.getWriter();
out.println(<HTML>);
out.println(<HEAD><TITLE> Hello Servlets!! </TITLE></HEAD>);
out.println(<BODY>);
out.println(<BIG> Hello Guys! Servlet Welcomes You!! </BIG>);
out.println(</BODY></HTML>);
}
}
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Java Servlet Development Kit (JSDK). It contains the servlet API class files
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Comp-U-Learn
111
Write the servlet program and save it with .java extension.

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which contain our .java file should have the JSDK)
Then copy the .class file in to the servlets directory of our Apache server.
Now open the browser. Enter the URL of our servlets file. The syntax is
htttp://<host name>/servlets/<.class file name without .class extension>.
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Servlet Programming
Example 5.2:
// first.html
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> HTML & Servlets </TITLE>
<BODY>
<FORM METHOD=GET ACTION=http://localhost/servlets/ex1">
Enter your Name :
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Enter your Country Name :
<INPUT TYPE=text NAME=cname><P>
<INPUT TYPE=submit>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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// ex1.java
import java.io.*;
public class ex1 extends HttpServlet
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res)
{
String name1=req.getParameter(name);
String name2=req.getParameter(cname);
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out.println(<HEAD><TITLE> HTML Welcomes Servlets!!
</TITLE></HEAD>);
out.println(<BODY>);
out.println(My Name is: +name1);
Comp-U-Learn
113

out.println(<P>);
out.println(My Country is: +name2);
out.println(</BODY></HTML>);
}
}
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114
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Servlet Programming
Servlet Life Cycle

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destroy()
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public void destroy();
Service Method
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public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)

throws ServletException, IOException;
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Example 5.3:
import
import
import
import
javax.servlet.*;
javax.servlet.http.*;
java.io.*;
java.util.*;

{
public void init(ServletConfig config)
throws ServletException {
116
Comp-U-Learn
Servlet Programming
// Always pass the ServletConfig object to the super class
super.init(config);
}
//Process the HTTP Get request
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
{
response.setContentType(text/html);
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println(<html>);
out.println(<head><title>BasicServlet</title></head>);
out.println(<body>);
// Prints the REQUEST_METHOD sent by the client
out.println(Your request method was + request.getMethod()
+ \n);
out.println(</body></html>);
out.close();
}
//Process the HTTP Post request
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
{
out.println(<html>);
out.println(<head><title>BasicServlet</title></head>);
out.println(<body>);
// Prints the REQUEST_METHOD sent by the client
out.println(Your request method was + request.getMethod()
+ \n);
out.println(</body></html>);
out.close();
}
//Get Servlet information
public String getServletInfo() {
return BasicServlet Information;
}
}
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Fig. 5.6
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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Life Cycle of Servlet
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION=http://localhost/servlets/ex2 >
<BR><BR>
Press Submit Button to invoke your method
<BR><BR>
<INPUT TYPE=submit>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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Servlet Programming
Fig. 5.7
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Summary
In this session we learnt about Java Servlets basics, usage of servlets, servlets
alternatives and the basic architecture of Java Servlets. Then experienced with
writing a simple servlet and running the servlet. We also learnt how the servlets are
performed behind the HTML code. At the end of the session we learnt about the life
cycle of the Java Servlets and its methods.
Going Over it Again


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120
Comp-U-Learn
Session 6
More on Servlets

) Server & Client

) Servlet Chaining
) HTML Generation
) Servlet in a Middle Tier
In This Session...
The Server
The Client
The Request
Servlet Chaining
HTML Generation
Building HTML Packages
HTML Object
HTML Document
HTML Elements
HTML Form
Using HTML Package
Servlet- A Middle Tier
More on Servlet
The Server
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public string ServletRequest.getServerName()

public int ServletRequest.getServerPort()
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public string ServletContext.getServerInfo()

public object ServletContext.getAttribute()
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Example 6.1:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class ex1 extends GenericServlet
{
Comp-U-Learn
123
public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)

throws ServletException,IOException
{
res.setContentType(text/plain);
out.println(Server Host Name: +req.getServerName());
out.println(ServerPort: +req.getServerPort());
out.println(Servlet Context:
+getServletContext().getServerInfo());
}
}
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Fig. 6.1
The Client
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Comp-U-Learn
More on Servlet
public String ServletRequest.getRemoteAddr()
public String ServletRequest.getRemostHost()
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public String ServletRequest.getParameter(String name)

public String[] ServletRequest.getParameterVales(String name)
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Example 6.2:
import
import
import
import
public
{
java.io.*;
java.util.*;
javax.servlet.*;
class ex2 extends HttpServlet

res)
{
res.setContentType(text/plain);
out.println(Query String...);
out.println(req.getQueryString());
out.println(The file \ + req.getPathInfo()+\);
out.println(Is stored at \ + req.getPathTranslated()+\);
}
}
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Fig. 6.3
Note
When giving any URL there should not be a space. Also the ? symbol
separates the file name from the parameters. If we want to give more than one
parameter, we can pass a number of parameters concatenating with + symbol.
For example, +WWSVHUYOHWVH["SDUDPHWHUSDUDPHWHU
Servlet Chaining
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By using the servlets we can quickly change the appearance of a page or a group
of pages, or type of content.
We can take a kernal of content and display it in special formats.
It also support esoteric data types
They handle the content of the future, so we dont have to run our script every
time new content is added.
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Example 6.3:
import
import
import
import
java.io.*;
java.util.*;
javax.servlet.*;

{
128
Comp-U-Learn
More on Servlet
res)
{
String contentType=req.getContentType();
if(contentType==null)
return;
res.setContentType(contentType);
BufferedReader in= req.getReader();
String line=null;
while((line= in.readLine())!=null)
{
line=replace(line,<BLINK>, );
line=replace(line,</BLINK>, );
out.println(line);
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse
res)
{
doGet(req,res);
}
private String replace(String ln, String old, String news)
{
int id=0;
while((id=ln.indexOf(old, id))>=0)
{
ln=ln.substring(0,id)+ news + ln.substring(id+old.length());
id+=news.length();
}
return ln;
}
}
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Building HTML Packages

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WR WKH +70/ 3DFNDJH JHQHUDWLRQ
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HTMLObject
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Example 6.4:
package HTML;
import java.util.Vector;
public abstract class HTMLObject{
protected Vector htmlObjects = null;
// Static Alignment values
public static final int LEFT = 0;
public static final int CENTER = 1;
public static final int RIGHT = 2;
// Set the objects initial alignment to LEFT
private int alignment = LEFT;
// This abstract method forces all derived classes to
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// implement the toHTML() method. The toHTML() method
// should return the HTML String necessary to
// display this object in its current state.
public abstract String toHTML();
// Constructor
public HTMLObject() {
// Default size of HTMLObject vector
htmlObjects = new Vector(5);
}
// Add a HTMLObject
public void addObject( HTMLObject value) {
if ( value != null ) {
htmlObjects.addElement(value);
}
}
// Remove a HTMLObject, if the element is removed
// successfully, returns true
public boolean removeObject( HTMLObject value) {
return htmlObjects.removeElement(value);
}
return false;
}
// Set the objects Alignment
public void setAlignment(int value) {
if ( value >= LEFT && value <= RIGHT ) {
alignment = value;
}
}
// Get the objects Alignment
public int getAlignment() {
return alignment;
}
}
HTMLDocument
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Example 6.5:
package HTML;
public class HTMLDocument extends HTMLObject {
private String title = new String();
private String backgroundImage = new String();
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private String backgroundColor = new String();
private String textColor = new String();
private String linkColor = new String();
private String vlink = new String();
private String alink = new String();
// Default Constructor
public HTMLDocument() {
}
// Constructor with title
public HTMLDocument(String value) {
title = value;
}
// Set the document Title
public void setTitle(String value) {
title = value;
}
}
// Get the document Title
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
// Set the document Background Image
public void setBackgroundImage(String value) {
backgroundImage = value;
}
}
// Get the document Background Image
public String getBackgroundImage() {
return backgroundImage;
}
// Set the document Background Color
public void setBackgroundColor( String value) {
backgroundColor = value;
}
}
// Get the document Background Color
public String getBackgroundColor() {
return backgroundColor;
}
// Set the document Text Color
public void setTextColor(String value) {
textColor = value;
}
}
// Get the document Text Color
public String getTextColor() {
return textColor;
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}
// Set the document Link Color
public void setLinkColor(String value) {
linkColor = value;
}
}
// Get the document Link Color
public String getLinkColor() {
return linkColor;
}
}
// Return String containing the HTML formatted document
public String toHTML() {
String document = new String(<html><head>\n);
document = document.concat(<title> + title +
</title></head>\n\n<body );
if ( backgroundImage.length() > 0 ) {
document = document.concat(BACKGROUND=\ +
backgroundImage + \ );
}
String color = getBackgroundColor();
if ( color.length() > 0 ) {
document = document.concat(BGCOLOR=\ + color +
\ );
}
String textColor = getTextColor();
if ( textColor.length() > 0 ) {
document = document.concat(TEXT=\ + textColor +
\ );
}
if ( linkColor.length() > 0 ) {
document = document.concat(LINK=\ + linkColor +
\ );
}
if ( vlink.length() > 0 ) {
document = document.concat(VLINK=\ + vlink + \ );
}
if ( alink.length() > 0 ) {
document = document.concat(ALINK=\ + alink + \ );
}
document = document.concat(>\n);
// Iterate through all objects in the htmlObjects Vector
for ( int x = 0; x < htmlObjects.size(); x ++ ) {
try {
document =
document.concat(
((HTMLObject)htmlObjects.elementAt(x)).toHTML() +
\n);
}
catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
// This will only log the error to stderr
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System.err.println(ex.getMessage());
}
catch (Exception ex) {
// This will only log the error to stderr
}
}
// Then close the document
document = document.concat(\n</body>\n</html>\n);
return document;
}
}
HTML Elements
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HTMLText
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Example 6.6:
package HTML;
public class HTMLText extends HTMLObject {
private String text = new String();
private boolean bold = false;
private boolean italic = false;
private boolean underline = false;
private boolean center = false;
// Default Contructor
public HTMLText() {
}
// Constructor initialized with Text value
public HTMLText(String value) {
text = value;
}
}
// Set the text value
public void setText(String value) {
text = value;
}
}
// Get the current text value
public String getText() {
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return text;
}
// Set Text Bold to true/false
public void setBold(boolean value) {
bold = value;
}
// Returns True if Bold is on
public boolean isBold() {
return bold;
}
// Set Text Italic to true/false
public void setItalic( boolean value) {
italic = value;
}
// Returns True if Italic is on
public boolean isItalic() {
return italic;
}
// Set Text Underline to true/false
public void setUnderline( boolean value) {
underline = value;
}
// Returns True if Underline is on
public boolean isUnderline() {
return underline;
}
// Set Text Center to true/false
public void setCenter( boolean value) {
center = value;
}
// Returns True if Center is on
public boolean isCenter() {
return center;
}
// Set Text Preformatted to true/false
// Return String containing the HTML formatted Text
String html = new String (text);
if ( isBold() ) {
html = (<B> + html + </B>);
}
if ( isItalic() ) {
html = (<I> + html + </I>);
}
if ( isUnderline() ) {
html = (<U> + html + </U>);
}
if ( isCenter() ) {
html = (<CENTER> + html + </CENTER>);
}
if ( isPreformatted() ) {
html = (<PRE> + html + </PRE>);
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}
return html;
}
}
HTMLHeading
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Example 6.7:
package HTML;
public class HTMLHeading extends HTMLObject {
private String text = new String();
private int heading;
public static final int H1 = 1;
// Constructor that initializes Heading Level to H1
public HTMLHeading() {
heading = H1;
}
// Constructor that sets the initial Heading Text and Level
public HTMLHeading(String txt, int head) {
if ( txt != null ) {
text = txt;
}
if ( head >= H1 && head <= H6 ) {
heading = head;
}
}
// Set Heading Text
public void setText( String value) {
text = value;
}
}
// Get Heading Text
public String getText() {
return text;
}
// Set Heading Level
public void setHeadingLevel( int value) {
if ( value >= H1 && value <= H6 ) {
heading = value;
}
}
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// Get Heading Level
public int getHeadingLevel() {
return heading;
}
// Return String containing the HTML formatted Heading
String html = new String(<H + heading);
switch ( getAlignment() ) {
case HTMLObject.LEFT:
html = html.concat( ALIGN=\LEFT\);
break;
case HTMLObject.CENTER:
html = html.concat( ALIGN=\CENTER\);
break;
case HTMLObject.RIGHT:
html = html.concat( ALIGN=\RIGHT\);
break;
}
html = html.concat(> + text + </H + heading + >);
return html;
}
}
HTMLLineBreak
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Example 6.8:
package HTML;
public class HTMLLineBreak extends HTMLObject
{
public HTMLLineBreak() {
}
// Return String containing the HTML formatted Line Break
return new String(<BR>);
}
}
HTMLInput
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137

VRXUFH IRU WKH +70/,QSXW FODVV
Example 6.9:
package HTML;
public class HTMLInput extends HTMLObject {
protected String type = new String();
protected String name = new String();
protected String input_value = new String();
protected String attributes = new String();
public HTMLInput() {
}
// Set the Input Type
protected void setType(String value) {
type = value;
}
}
// Get the Input Type
public String getType() {
return type;
}
// Set the Input Name
public void setName(String value) {
name = value;
}
}
// Get the Input Name
public String getName() {
return name;
}
// Set the value of the Input Object
public void setValue(String value) {
input_value = value;
}
}
// Get the value of the Input Object
public String getValue() {
return input_value;
}
// Set the additional attributes string
// This will be used to specialize an input type
protected void setAttributes(String value) {
attributes = value;
}
}
// Get the additional attributes string
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public String getAttributes() {
return attributes;
}
// Return String containing the HTML formatted Input
String html = new String(<INPUT TYPE=\ + getType() +
\ NAME=\ + getName() + \ );
// Add the VALUE
if ( input_value.length() > 0 ) {
html = html.concat( VALUE=\ + input_value + \);
}
// If there is any additional attributes
if ( attributes != null ) {
html = html.concat(attributes);
}
// Ending Character
html = html.concat(>);
return html;
}
}
HTMLInput Object
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Example 6.10:
package HTML;
public class HTMLTextInput extends HTMLInput {
private int size = -1;
private int maxlength = -1;
public HTMLTextInput() {
// Set the Input Type
setType(TEXT);
}
// Set the Input Size
public void setSize(int value) {
if ( value > -1 ) {
size = value;
}
}
// Get the Input Size
public int getSize() {
return size;
}
// Set the Maximum Length
public void setMaxLength(int value) {
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if ( value > -1 ) {
maxlength = value;
}
}
// Get the Maximum Length
public int getMaxLength() {
return maxlength;
}
// Return String containing the HTML formatted Text Input
String html = new String();
if ( size > -1 ) {
html = html.concat( SIZE= + size);
}
if ( maxlength > -1 ) {
html = html.concat( MAXLENGTH= + maxlength);
}
setAttributes(html);
return super.toHTML();
}
}
HTMLForm
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Example 6.11:
package HTML;
import java.util.*;
public class HTMLForm extends HTMLObject {
private String action = new String();
private boolean post_method = false;
private String enctype = new String (text/html);
public HTMLForm() {
}
// Set the action
public void setAction( String value) {
action = value;
}
}
// Get the action
public String getAction() {
return action;
}
// Set the POST method to true/false
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public void setPostMethod( boolean value) {
post_method = value;
}
// return true if POST, otherwise false
public boolean isPostMethod() {
return post_method;
}
// Set the ENCTYPE, ie. text/html
public void setEnctype( String value) {
enctype = value;
}
}
// Get the ENCTYPE
public String getEnctype() {
return enctype;
}
// Return String containing the HTML formatted Form
String html = new String(<FORM ACTION=\ +
action + \);
// setup the method
html = html.concat( METHOD=);
if ( post_method ) {
html = html.concat(POST);
}
else {
html = html.concat(GET);
}
html = html.concat(>\n);
// adding HTMLInputs
for ( int x = 0; x < htmlObjects.size(); x++ ) {
try {
html = html.concat(
((HTMLObject)htmlObjects.elementAt(x)).toHTML() +
\n);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
// Print exception to stderr
}
}
html = html.concat(\n</FORM>);
return html;
}
}
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Using HTML Package

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Example 6.12:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import HTML.*;
public class expack extends HttpServlet {
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException
{
super.init(config);
}
//Process the HTTP Get request
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
throws ServletException, IOException {
HTMLDocument document =
new HTMLDocument(New Customer Account);
// Create the New Customer Account Form
HTMLForm form = new HTMLForm();
form.setAction(/servlet/NewCustomerServlet);
form.setPostMethod(true);
// Add the Heading
HTMLHeading heading = new HTMLHeading(Customer Account,
HTMLHeading.H2);
heading.setAlignment(HTMLObject.CENTER);
form.addObject(heading);
// Add the Name
form.addObject(new HTMLText(Name : ));
HTMLTextInput textinput = new HTMLTextInput();
textinput.setName(name);
textinput.setSize(30);
form.addObject(textinput);
form.addObject(new HTMLLineBreak());
// Add the Email
form.addObject(new HTMLText(Email Address : ));
textinput = new HTMLTextInput();
textinput.setName(email);
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// Add the Billing Address
form.addObject(new HTMLHeading(Billing Address,
HTMLHeading.H4));
form.addObject(new HTMLText(Street : ));
textinput.setName(street);
// Add the City, State, Zip
// City
form.addObject(new HTMLText(City ));
textinput.setName(city);
// State
form.addObject(new HTMLText(State ));
textinput.setName(state);
textinput.setMaxLength(2);
// Zip
form.addObject(new HTMLText(Zip ));
textinput.setName(zip);
textinput.setMaxLength(5);
document.addObject(form);
// document string sent back in response
out.println(document.toHTML());
out.close();
}
//Get Servlet information
public String getServletInfo() {
return NewCustomerServlet Information;
}
}
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Fig. 6.5
Servlet A Middle Tier

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Example 6.13:
import
import
import
import
java.io.*;
java.sql.*;
javax.servlet.*;
public class db extends HttpServlet

{
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse
res)
{
PrintWriter out=res.getWriter();
Connection con=null;
try
{
Class.forName(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver);
con=
DriverManager.getConnection(jdbc:odbc:srt,scott,tiger);
con.setAutoCommit(false);
Statement s=con.createStatement();
s.executeUpdate(update emp set eno=40 where ename=John);
con.commit();
out.println(Update Successful!);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
try
{
con.rollback();
}
catch(SQLException ie){}
out.println(Could not Upadate!);
}
finally
{
try
{
if (con!=null) con.close();
}
catch(SQLException ing){}
}
}
}
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145
Summary
In this session we covered a lot of information related to servlets. We looked at
how the server and the client works in relation to the servlets. Also we looked at
servlet chaining. We created an HTML package that encapsulates basic HTML.
By now we should have an in-depth understanding of how to use the HTML
package we created. At the end of this session we learnt about the usage of the
servlet in database programming.
Going Over it Again


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146
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Session 7
Java Stored Procedures

) Overview of Java Stored Procedures

) Usage of JDBC and SQLJ
) Build an Application
) Sub Programs in SQLJ
) Relationship of SQLJ to Embedded SQL
In This Session...
Java Stored Procedures - An Overview
Goal for Designing SQLJ
SQLJ Variables
JDBC OCI Driver
When to Use JDBC and When to Use SQLJ?
SQL appears in Java Statements
Building an Application
Sub Programs in SQLJ
Calling Stored Procedures
Calling Stored Functions
Relationship of SQLJ to Embedded SQL
Advantages of SQLJ over JDBC
Java Stored Procedures An Overview
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Connection conn = new OracleDriver().defaultConnection();
C:\sqlj\demo>Loadjava
Comp-U-Learn
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Two Components of SQLJ
Translator
Runtime
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Jav a S ou rce C ode w ith Embedded
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Comp-U-Learn
151
JDK1.1.7 Version of Java to Execute the SQLJ Converted Java Programs, Oracle
JDBC drivers for version 8.1.5 do not support the JDK 1.2.
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Java has automatic storage management (garbage collection) that simplifies the
management of storage for data retrieved from databases.
All Java types representing composite data, and data of varying sizes, have a
distinguished value null, which can be used to represent the SQL NULL state,
giving Java programs an alternative to NULL indicators, which are a fixture of
other host languages.
Java is designed to support programs that are automatically heterogeneously
portable (also called super-portable or simply downloadable). That, along
with Javas type system of classes and interfaces, enables component software.
In particular, a SQLJ translator, written in Java, can call components that are
specialized by database vendors, in order to leverage the existing schemachecking and type-checking capabilities of databases, and to generate code
optimized for particular databases.
Java is designed for binary portability in heterogeneous networks, which
promises to enable binary portability for database applications that use static
SQL.
Availability of Development Tools
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Low Level: This is Embedded SQL as 3GL developers know it today. This level
has a loose integration with the type system of the host language. Programming
tools, such as visual or syntax-directed tools, are likely to generate Java code
containing static SQL at this level, because the generated code is correct by
construction as generated from a tools model of the relationships among the
data.
Comp-U-Learn
155
Middle Level: Human programmers use this level when they write SQLJ code
directly. Tight, concise integration of the SQL and Java constructs and type
systems help programmers avoid and detect errors in their programs.
High Level: At this level, programmers use graphical tools to constrain and
compose their programs. Those tools will generate Java programs containing
static SQL. Those generated programs may contain low-level Embedded SQL
because they are correct by construction.
SQLJ Variables
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Char
Varchar
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Decimal
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SmallInt
Integer
BigInt
Real
Float
Double
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Date
Time
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String
String
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java.math.BigDecimal
boolean
byte
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int
long
float
double
double
byte[ ]
byte[ ]
byte[ ]
java.sql.Date
java.sql.Time
java.sql.Timestamp
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class First
{
{
int Value;
Var=100;
System.out.println(Content of Variable Value is +
Value);
}
}
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main() program is declared as public to make it visible to the entire class.
static declaration is used because it cannot be instantiated
void indicates that main does not return the value.
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arguments. This array holds string values.
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All the variables and syntaxes are case sensitive, which means class is not equivalent
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JDBC OCI Driver
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import
import
import
import
import
java.sql.SQLException;
java.sql.DriverManager;
java.sql.Driver;
java.sql.Connection;
sqlj.runtime.ref.DefaultContext ;
public class ConnectionManager {

static
static
static
static
static
public
public
public
public
{
String
String
String
String
DRIVER
DBURL
UID
PWD
=
=
=
=
DRIVER
DBURL
UID
PWD
=
=
=
=
null
null
null
null
;
;
;
;
oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver ;
jdbc:oracle:oci8:@Database_Name ;
ritchie ;
ritchie ;
}
static public Connection newConnection()
{
Connection conn = null;
if (UID== null || PWD==null || DBURL==null || DRIVER==null)
{
System.err.println (
Please edit the ConnectionManager.java file to assign
+
non-null values to the static string variables +
DBURL, DRIVER, UID, and PWD. Then recompile and try
again. ) ;
System.exit(1) ;
}
try {
Driver d = (Driver)(Class.forName( DRIVER ).newInstance());
DriverManager.registerDriver(d);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println( Could not load driver: + DRIVER ) ;
System.err.println(e) ;
System.exit(1) ;
}
try {
conn = DriverManager.getConnection (DBURL, UID, PWD);
} catch (SQLException exception) {
158
Comp-U-Learn

System.out.println(Error: could not get a connection);
System.err.println(exception) ;
System.exit(1);
}
return conn;
}
static public DefaultContext initContext()
{
DefaultContext ctx = DefaultContext.getDefaultContext();
if (ctx == null) {
try {
ctx = new DefaultContext(newConnection());
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.println(Error: could not get a default context);
System.err.println(e) ;
System.exit(1);
}
DefaultContext.setDefaultContext(ctx);
}
return ctx;
}
}
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To check program for errors at translation-time rather than at run-time.
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FETCH iterator_name into :variable1, :variable2,
:variable3..........(: should used before the variable)
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SQL appears in Java statements

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EXEC SQL FETCH cursor1 INTO :var1,:var2,:var3;
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import java.lang.*;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class Server
{
{
try{
String msg=Java Class Available in User_Objects Schema Table;
#sql { Call Dbms_Output.put_line(:msg) };
}catch(SQLException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); }
}
Fig. 7.3
Comp-U-Learn
167
Fig. 7.4

import java.sql.*;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class Objects

{
{
String msg=null;
try{
#sql { Create table Dept(
DeptNo Number(2) Constraint Dept_prim Primary key,
Dname varchar2(20) Unique,
Loc Varchar2(20)
)
};
msg=Dept table is Created;
#sql { Call DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ( :msg ) };
#sql { Create table Emp (
EmpNo Number(4) Constraint Emp_prim Primary key,
Ename varchar2(20) Unique,
Sal Number(10,2),
Comm Number(10,2),
Mgr Number(4),
Job Varchar2(20),
HireDate date,
DeptNo number(2) Not null Constraint dept_Emp references
Dept(DeptNo)
)
};
msg=Emp table is Created;
#sql { Call Dbms_Output.put_line (:msg) };
168
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#sql { Create table SalGrade (
Grade Number(2),
LoSal Number(10,2),
HiSal Number(10,2)
)
};
msg=SalGrade table is Created;
#sql { Create table Bonus (
Ename Varchar2(20) Unique references Emp(Ename),
Job Varchar2(20),
Sal Number(10,2),
Comm Number(10,2)
)
};
msg=Bonus table is Created;
}catch(SQLException e) { System.out.println(Error due to + e);
}
}
}
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Fig. 7.5
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Fig. 7.5
Create Table Command
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import java.sql.*;
public class SQLTable
{
{
try
{
ConnectionManager.initContext();
SQLTable C=new SQLTable();
C.Create();
}
catch(SQLException e)
{
System.out.println (Error in your program);
System.err.println(Error Description is + e);
}
}
void Create() throws SQLException
{
#sql
{
CREATE TABLE DEPT
170
Comp-U-Learn

(
DeptNo
Dname
Loc
Number(3) Constraint Dept_prim Primary Key,

Varchar2(20) Not Null,
Varchar2(20)
)
};
System.out.println(Table Created);
}
}
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Open DOS prompt from start->Run->Command and goto the specified directory
C:\Sqlj\Demo.
Compile the sqlj program using sqljc SQLTable.sqlj
Once the program is compiled successfully, file with the same name but with
.java (SQLTable.java) extension will be created.
Compile the .java file using java compiler javac SQLTable.java
Once the program is compiled a file with the same name .class(SQLTable.class)
extension will be created and this is the executable file for SQLJ programs.
Execute the file using java SQLTable command.
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Alter Table Command
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import java.sql.*;
public class SQLAlterTable
{
{
try
{
SQLAlterTable C=new SQLAlterTable();
C.Alter();
}
{
}
}
void Alter() throws SQLException
{
#sql
{
ALTER TABLE DEPT
Modify Loc Varchar2(30)
};
System.out.println(Table Dept Altered);
}
}
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172
Comp-U-Learn
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C:\sqlj\demo>sqljc SQLAlterTable.sqlj
C:\sqlj\demo>javac SQLAlterTable.java
C:\sqlj\demo>java SQLAlterTable
Table Dept altered
C:\sqlj\demo>
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Rename Command
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import java.sql.*;
public class SQLRenameTable
{
{
try
{
SQLRenameTable C=new SQLRenameTable();
C.Rename();
}
{
}
}
void Rename() throws SQLException
{
#sql
{
Rename Dept To Department
};
System.out.println(Table Dept is Renamed to Department);
}
}
Comp-U-Learn
173
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C:\sqlj\demo>sqljc SQLRenameTable.sqlj
C:\sqlj\demo>javac SQLRenameTable.java
C:\sqlj\demo>java SQLRenameTable
Table Dept is Renamed to Department
C:\sqlj\demo>
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import java.sql.*;
public class SQLDropTable
{
{
try
{
174
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SQLDropTable C=new SQLDropTable();
C.Drop();
}
{
}
}
void Drop() throws SQLException
{
#sql
{
DROP TABLE DEPT
};
System.out.println(Table Dept Dropped);
}
}
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C:\sqlj\demo>sqljc SQLDropTable.sqlj
C:\sqlj\demo>javac SQLDropTable.java
C:\sqlj\demo>java SQLDropTable
Table Dept Dropped
C:\sqlj\demo>
The table is now dropped.
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connect internal;
create or replace package sqljutl as
function has_default(oid number,
proc char,
seq number,
ovr number) return number;
end sqljutl;
/
create or replace package body sqljutl is
function has_default(oid number,
proc char,
seq number,
ovr number) return number is
def number;
begin
if proc IS NULL
then
select DEFAULT# INTO def FROM ARGUMENT$
WHERE PROCEDURE$ IS NULL AND OBJ# = oid
AND SEQUENCE# = seq AND OVERLOAD# = ovr;
else
select DEFAULT# INTO def FROM ARGUMENT$
WHERE PROCEDURE$ = proc AND OBJ# = oid
AND SEQUENCE# = seq AND OVERLOAD# = ovr;
end if;
if def IS NULL
then return 0;
else return 1;
end if;
end has_default;
end sqljutl;
/
grant execute on sqljutl to public ;
176
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#sql { CALL Procedure_Name(<PARAM_LIST>) };
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Create or Replace procedure SalaryIncrement(Emp_No
Emp.Empno%type Default 7788,Salary Emp.Sal%type) as
Emp_sal Emp.Sal%type;
NoSalary Exception;
Tot_Sal Emp.Sal%type;
Begin
Select Sal into Emp_sal from emp where Empno=Emp_no;
if Emp_sal is Null then
Raise NoSalary;
else
Update Emp set sal =Sal+Salary where Empno=Emp_no;
Tot_sal:=Emp_sal + Salary;
Dbms_output.put_line(Salary updated from || Emp_sal || to
|| Tot_sal || for employee number || Emp_No);
end if;
Exception
when NoSalary then
Dbms_output.put_line(Salary does not exists for employee ||
Emp_No);
When No_Data_found then
Dbms_output.put_line(No Employee exists with the Number ||
Emp_No);
End;
Procedure created.
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177
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import java.sql.*;
public class ProcedureCall
{
{
try
{
ProcedureCall P=new ProcedureCall();
P.Proc();
}
{
System.out.println(Error in program!);
System.out.println(Due to + e);
}
}
void Proc() throws SQLException
{
#sql { CALL SalaryIncrement(7788,2000)
};
System.out.println(Salary is Increment for Employee 7788 by
2000");
}
}
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C:\sqlj\demo>sqljc ProcedureCall.sqlj
C:\sqlj\demo>javac ProcedureCall.java
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C:\sqlj\demo>java ProcedureCall
C:\sqlj\demo>
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#sql res = { VALUES(Function_Name(<PARAM_LIST>)) };
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Create or Replace Function SumSalary(
Designation Emp.Job%type Default CLERK)
return number is
Salary Emp.Sal%type;
Commission Emp.Comm%type;
Begin
Select Sum(Sal),Sum(Comm) into Salary,Commission
from Emp
group by job
having job=Designation;
if Designation=SALESMAN then
Salary:=Salary + Commission;
return Salary;
Else
return Salary;
End if;
End;
Function Created
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import java.sql.*;
public class FunctionCall
{
{
try
{
FunctionCall F=new FunctionCall();
F.Func();
}
{
}
}
void Func() throws SQLException
{
int Sum;
#sql Sum = { VALUES (Sumsalary(SALESMAN))
};
System.out.println(Sum of the Salary for SALESMAN is +
Sum);
}
}
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C:\sqlj\demo>sqljc FunctionCall.sqlj
C:\sqlj\demo>javac FunctionCall.java
C:\sqlj\demo>java FunctionCall
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Create or Replace Package DisplayDetails is
Procedure Details(Dno Number);
Procedure Details(Desig varchar2);
End Displaydetails;
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Create or Replace Package body DisplayDetails as
Procedure Details(DNo Number) is
Cursor c1 is select * from Emp Where Deptno=Dno;
Begin
for j in C1 loop
Dbms_output.put_line(j.EmpNo || ,
||j.Ename||,||j.Sal||,||j.DeptNo);
End loop;
End Details;
Procedure Details(Desig varchar2) is
Cursor cur is select * from Emp Where job=Desig;
Begin
for i in Cur loop
Dbms_output.put_line(i.EmpNo || ,
||i.Ename||,||i.Sal||,||i.Job);
End loop;
End Details;
End DisplayDetails;
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Comp-U-Learn
181
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import java.sql.*;
public class PackageCall
{
{
try
{
PackageCall P=new PackageCall();
P.Pack();
}
{
}
}
void Pack() throws SQLException
{
System.out.println(Details of Department Number 20);
#sql { CALL (DisplayDetails.Details(20))
};
}
}
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C:\sqlj\demo>
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Comp-U-Learn
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};
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SQLJ Packages
package sqlj.runtime
package sqlj.runtime.error
package sqlj.runtime.profile
package sqlj.runtime.profile.ref
package sqlj.runtime.profile.util
package sqlj.runtime.ref
Comp-U-Learn
183
Relationship of SQLJ to Embedded SQL
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SQLJ specifies static SQL only. There already exists a widely used dynamic SQL
API for Java - JDBC. Also, ANSI/ISO have introduced CLI as dynamic SQL
for host-languages. SQLJ can co-exist with dynamic SQL in a Java program.
SQLJ allows type-checking of all static SQL operations.
Embedded SQL combines a query and its result-set into a cursor object. In
contrast, SQLJ separates queries from result-sets. Queries appear in program
statements as SQLJ clauses. Result-sets are encapsulated in first-class iterator
objects, which are strongly typed, and can be passed between SQLJ components
that were translated and compiled at different times.
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outside of the host-language namespace, and are localized to a single translation
unit, because they vanish after translation. In contrast, SQLJ does not name
individual queries or iterator objects, but instead relies on the naming
mechanisms of Java to name the types of iterator objects, so that iterators can be
passed among SQLJ components while preserving strong type checking.
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whose type is an iterator-class. The value of that host-variable is an iterator, and
its current row is the row that is affected by the FETCH or Positioned DML.
The SQL/PSM CALL statement is supported for calling database stored
procedures.
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functions.
184
Comp-U-Learn
The SQL/PSM BEGIN..END block is supported. Each statement in the block

must be an SQL92 Entry Level Embedded SQL statement or the SQL/PSM
CALL statement. The bracketing pair of keywords BEGIN and END is optional;
when they are absent, the semantics of the block is equivalent to an SQL/PSM
NOT ATOMIC block.
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Comp-U-Learn
185
Summary
After reading this session we are able to understand the advantages of SQLJ over
JDBC, where to use JDBC and where to use SQLJ, etc. We also tried
manipulating the data using DML statements in SQLJ, and learnt about
Transactions. We have also seen some concepts such as embedding sub programs
like Procedures, Functions, and packages in SQLJ in this session.
Going Over It Again

1. Fill in the Blanks

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Comp-U-Learn
187
Session 8
Distributed Communication in RMI

) Distributed Applications on the Internet /

Intranet
) COM / DCOM
) RMI Three Tier Architecture
) Creating Application using RMI
In This Session...
Design of Distributed Applications
Distributed Applications on the Internet/Intranet
The Distributed Computing Environment
Component Object Model
Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM)
Common Object Request Broker Architecture

(CORBA)
Distributed Object Model of Java
Remote Method Invocation
RMI Three Tier Architecture
Client/Server Application Using RMI
Server side Programming
Client side Programming
Distributed Communication RMI
Design of Distributed Applications

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191
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Distributed Object Model of Java
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RMI Three Tier Layers

The three Layers of RMI
Client-side stub and Server-side skeletons.

The Remote reference Layer.
The transport Layer.
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197
Client-side stub and Server-side skeletons

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198
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Server side
Skeleton
Client side
Stub
Remote
Reference
Layer
Remote
Reference
Layer
Transport
Layer
Transport
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Lower Layer Protocols
Lower Layer Protocols

Virtual Communication
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Client/Server Application Using RMI

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199
The Client request the information from the server.

The Server receives the request from the client.
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The Clients request is to add the two numbers

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Server Side Program

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import java.rmi.*;
public interface Server_intf extends Remote
{
double add(double d1,double d2) throws RemoteException;
}
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import java.rmi.*;
import java.rmi.server.*;
public class Server_impl extends UnicastRemoteObject
implements Server_intf
{
public Server_impl() throws RemoteException
{ }
public double add(double num1, double num2) throws
RemoteException
{
return num1 + num2;
}
}
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What UnicastRemoteObject do
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only valid during the life of the process that creates the remote object.
The remote protocol requires a TCP connection-based transport
Note
RMI supports only unicast servers. The replicated servers are not supported by RMI.
Our Server classes must either directly or indirectly extend the UnicastRemotObject
class and inherit its remote behavior. We can implement any number of remote
interfaces in our server class.
Methods that do not appear in a remote interface are only available locally.
Comp-U-Learn
201

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import java.net.*;
import java.rmi.*;
public class Server_main
{
{
try
{
Server_impl s_impl = new Server_impl();
Naming.rebind(Server_main,s-impl);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(Exception :
+ e);
}
}
}
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public class Client_prgm
{
{
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{
String addServerURL =rmi:// + args[0] + /Server_main;
Server_intf addintf =
(Server_intf)Naming.lookup(addServerURL);
202
Comp-U-Learn

System.out.println( The first number is : + args[1]);
double num1 =Double.valueOf(args[1]).doubleValue();
System.out.println(The second number is : + args[2]);
double num2 =Double.valueOf(args[2]).doubleValue();
System.out.println(The sum is : + addintf.add(num1,num2));
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(Exception : + e);
}
}
}
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203

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java Server_main
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bin directory if CLASSPATH is set.
204
Comp-U-Learn

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Note
Instead of using two machines we can implement RMI can be implemented in a
stand alone system also.
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Summary
The concept of RMI is called remote object from the remote server by the local
object. The applications can be distributed to Internet / Intranet. The resources
can be accessed from the remote server. The Three-Tier Architecture is
implemented using RMI. In the next session we will see Applet programming.
Going Over It Again


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205

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206
Comp-U-Learn
Session 9
RMI Packages

) RMI Packages
) RMI Security
) Applet in RMI
) RMI Alternatives
In This Session...
RMI Packages
RMI Registry Packages
RMI Server Package
RMI Activation Package
The Object Hierarchy
Garbage Collection
RMI Security
Client Server Applets using RMI
Server side Programming
Client side Programming
RMI Alternatives
Advantages of RMI
RMI Packages
RMI Packages
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bind()
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lookup()
list()
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RMI URL syntax

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RMI Registry Package

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RMI Server Package

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RMI Packages
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The Object Hierarchy

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Public interface Hello_intf extends Remote
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The Remote Object hierarchy

Fig. 9.1
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211

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Java.lang.Object is the base class

The java.rmi.server.RemoteObject interface extends Object and implements
java.rmi.Remote
The java.rmi.server.RemoteServer class extends RemoteObject
The java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject clss extends RemoteServer
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RMI Packages
RMI Security
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Client/Server Applet using RMI

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Create an interface program

Create an implementation program gives the definition of the methods
Create a server program
Create a client program to display the message on the applet. The applet is run on
the client.
Server side programming

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import java.rmi.*;
public interface Hello_int extends Remote
{
public String getDesc() throws RemoteException;
}
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import java.rmi.*;
public class Hello_impl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements
Hello_int
{
public Hello_impl() throws RemoteException
{
super();
}
public String getDesc() throws RemoteException
{
return Saying Hi to everyone from Remote
System.............\n;
}
}
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import java.net.*;
import java.rmi.*;
public class Hello_test
{
{
try
{
Hello_int obj = new Hello_impl();
Naming.rebind(Hello_Server,obj);
System.out.println(Hello server object Bound to the
registry);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
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Comp-U-Learn
RMI Packages
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System.out.println(Hello server object Bound to the registry);

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Client side programing

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import java.rmi.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class hello_client_appl extends Applet
{
public String str;
public void init()
{
try
{
Hello_int obj =
(Hello_int)Naming.lookup(rmi://205.166.222.191/Hello_Server);
str = obj.getDesc();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
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215
System.out.println(e);
}
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString(str,20,20);
}
}
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216
Comp-U-Learn
RMI Packages
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C:\>start rmiregistry
Fig. 9.3
RMI Alternatives
Socket programming
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Summary
RMI packages are imported in order to communicate with the server. Few RMI
packages are RMI Registry Package, RMI Server Package and RMI Activation
Package. The distributed garbage collection algorithm used by the RMI system is a
reference-counting algorithm. The RMISecurityManager is used to set the security
policies. We saw how to implement the RMI using Applet.
Going Over It Again

I. Fill in the blanks

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Session 10
CORBA An Insight

) Introduction to Distributed Computing

) Insight into CORBA
) Basic concepts and features of CORBA
) CORBA Architecture
) Internet Inter ORB Protocol
) VisiBroker for Java (The ORB for Java)
) Simple CORBA Program
In This Session...
Distributed Application Design
Introduction to CORBA
Java and CORBA
Features of CORBA 2.0
Object Request Broker (ORB)
CORBA 2.0 ORB Architecture
CORBA Services
Internet Inter ORB Protocol
CORBA and the Internet
VisiBroker for Java
Dynamic Invocation Interface
Client Server programming in CORBA
CORBA An Insight
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module Bank {
interface Account {
float balance();
};
interface AccountManager {
Account open(in string name);
};
};
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Comp-U-Learn
237

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// AccountManagerImpl.java
import java.util.*;
public class AccountManagerImpl extends
Bank._AccountManagerImplBase {
public AccountManagerImpl(String name) {
super(name);
}
public synchronized Bank.Account open(String name) {
// Lookup the account in the account dictionary.
Bank.Account account = (Bank.Account) _accounts.get(name);
// If there was no account in the dictionary, create one.
if(account == null) {
// Make up the accounts balance, between 0 and 1000
dollars.
float balance = Math.abs(_random.nextInt()) % 100000 /
100f;
// Create the account implementation, given the balance.
account = new AccountImpl(balance);
// Make the object available to the ORB.
_boa().obj_is_ready(account);
// Print out the new account.
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// Save the account in the account dictionary.
_accounts.put(name, account);
}
// Return the account.
return account;
}
private Dictionary _accounts = new Hashtable();
private Random _random = new Random();
}
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CORBA An Insight
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// Server.java
public class Server {
// Initialize the ORB.
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// Initialize the BOA.
org.omg.CORBA.BOA boa = orb.BOA_init();
// Create the account manager object.
Bank.AccountManager manager =
new AccountManagerImpl(BankManager);
// Export the newly created object.
boa.obj_is_ready(manager);
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// Wait for incoming requests
boa.impl_is_ready();
}
}
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public class Client {
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// use args[0] as the account name, or a default.
String name = args.length > 0 ? args[0] : Jack B. Quick;
// Request the account manager to open a named account.
Bank.Account account = manager.open(name);
// Get the balance of the account.
float balance = account.balance();
// Print out the balance.
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}
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Summary
In this session, we saw the basic concepts of CORBA and a simple program to
implement it. We saw most of the important concepts in CORBA that are essential
for programming. We also event about IIOP, the Internet Inter ORB Protocol that
is based on TCP. This protocol implementation is mandatory for any CORBA 2.0
compliant ORB.IIOP allows interoperability between different ORBs. This
Comp-U-Learn
243
interoperability is achieved through bridges. Exception handling is a generic part

of client/server programming with CORBA. The idl2java compiler generates the
CORBA system exceptions that a method can generate. The ORB typically
generates these exceptions. The idl2java will generate the appropriate Java
exception classes for both types of errors. To take advantage of error handling, we
must surround our code within try blocks and corresponding catch statements. It
is better to handle all the possible exceptions that can come up.
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Session 11
Extending Java

) Reflection
) Reflection APIs
) Security Manager
) Native Methods
In This Session...
Reflection
The java.lang.reflect
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Constructor Class
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Reflection Example
Security Concerns
Security Manager
Runtime Class
Native Methods
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Javah
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Method
getName()
getDeclaringClass()
getType()
getModifiers()
250
Usage
Returns the name of the variable.
Identifies the class in which the variable declared.
Provides access to the data type of variable.
Encodes the variables modifiers as an integer that
can be decoded by the Modifier.
Comp-U-Learn
Extending Java
Method
get()
GetBoolean()/setBoole
an
getByte()/setByte()
getInt()/setInt()
getChar()/setChar()
getDouble()/setDouble
()
getFloat()/setFloat()
getLong()/setLong()
Usage
Access the value of the variable.
Gets and sets the boolean value.
Gets and sets the byte value.
Gets and sets the Integer value.
Gets and sets the character value.
Gets and sets the double value.
Gets and sets the float value.
Gets and sets the long value.
Method Class
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Array Class
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Constructor Class
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251

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ReflectionPermission Class
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Reflection Example
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Example 11.1:
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public class myrefapp
{
{
String parm = args[0];
Class className = void.class;
try
{
className= Class.forName(parm);
}catch (ClassNotFoundException ex){
System.out.println(Not a class or interface.);
System.exit(0);
}
describeClassOrInterface(className,parm);
}
252
Comp-U-Learn
DERYH
SDFNDJH
FODVVHV
Extending Java
static void describeClassOrInterface(Class className,String
name)
{
if(className.isInterface())
{
System.out.println(Interface: +name);
displayMethods(className.getDeclaredMethods());
}
else
{
System.out.println(Class: +name);
displayInterfaces(className.getInterfaces());
displayMethods(className.getDeclaredMethods());
}
}
static void displayInterfaces(Class[] interfaces)
{
if(interfaces.length>0){
System.out.println(Interfaces: );
for(int i=0;i<interfaces.length;++i)
System.out.println(interfaces[i].getName());
}
}
static void displayMethods(Method[] methods){
if(methods.length>0){
System.out.println(Methods: );
for(int i=0;i<methods.length;++i)
System.out.println(methods[i].toString());
}
}
}
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C:\jdk1.2\bin>java refapp java.applet.Applet

Class: java.applet.Applet
Methods:
public void java.applet.Applet.destroy()
public java.applet.AppletContext
java.applet.Applet.getAppletContext()
public java.lang.String java.applet.Applet.getAppletInfo()
public java.applet.AudioClip
java.applet.Applet.getAudioClip(java.net.URL)
public java.applet.AudioClip
java.applet.Applet.getAudioClip(java.net.URL,java.lang.String)
public java.net.URL java.applet.Applet.getCodeBase()
Comp-U-Learn
253
public java.net.URL java.applet.Applet.getDocumentBase()

public java.awt.Image java.applet.Applet.getImage(java.net.URL)
public java.awt.Image
java.applet.Applet.getImage(java.net.URL,java.lang.String)
public java.util.Locale java.applet.Applet.getLocale()
public java.lang.String
java.applet.Applet.getParameter(java.lang.String)
public java.lang.String[][] java.applet.Applet.getParameterInfo()
public void java.applet.Applet.init()
public boolean java.applet.Applet.isActive()
public static final java.applet.AudioClip
java.applet.Applet.newAudioClip(java.net.URL)
public void java.applet.Applet.play(java.net.URL)
public void
java.applet.Applet.play(java.net.URL,java.lang.String)
public void java.applet.Applet.resize(int,int)
public void java.applet.Applet.resize(java.awt.Dimension)
public final void
java.applet.Applet.setStub(java.applet.AppletStub)
public void java.applet.Applet.showStatus(java.lang.String)
public void java.applet.Applet.start()
public void java.applet.Applet.stop()
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Security Concerns
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PHPEHUV RI SXEOLF FODVVHV WR
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254
Comp-U-Learn
Extending Java
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Security Manager
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VHFXULW\ SROLFLHV
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DQRWKHU QHZ WH[W ILOH ZLWK UHVSHFW RXU SDVVZRUG 7KH H[DPSOH LV WKH FRGH IRU YDOLGDWLQJ RXU
SDVVZRUG
Example 11.3:
import java.io.*;
import java.io.*;
class password extends SecurityManager
{
private String pass;
password(String pass)
{
super();
this.pass=pass;
}
private boolean access()
{
int a;
DataInputStream di=new DataInputStream(System.in);
String response;
System.out.println(Give the secret password!);
try
{
Comp-U-Learn
255

response=di.readLine();
if(response.equals(pass))
return true;
else
return false;
}
catch(IOException e)
{
return false;
}
}
public void checkRead(FileDescriptor fd)
{
if(!access())
throw new SecurityException(Wrong Password!);
}
public void checkRead(String fname)
{
if(!access())
}
public void checkRead(String fname, Object executionContext)
{
if(!access())
}
public void checkWrite(FileDescriptor fd)
{
if(!access())
}
public void checkWrite(String fname)
{
if(!access())
}
}
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ELQ
GLUHFWRU\ ZLWK VRPH FRQWHQWV
import java.io.*;
import java.io.*;
class security
{
{
256
Comp-U-Learn
Extending Java
try
{
System.setSecurityManager(new password(myname));
}
catch(SecurityException e)
{
System.err.println(Security Manager already existing!);
}
try
{
DataInputStream di= new DataInputStream(new
FileInputStream(temp.txt));
DataOutputStream dos= new DataOutputStream(new
FileOutputStream(mytemp.txt));
String i;
while((i=di.readLine())!=null)
{
dos.writeBytes(i);
}
di.close();
dos.close();
}
catch(IOException i)
{
System.err.println(Security Manager Failed!);
}
}
}
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C:\jdk1.2\bin>java security
Give the secret password!
myname
Give the secret password!
Myname
Runtime Class
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Comp-U-Learn
257
Method
GetRuntime()
Exec()
Exit()
TotalMemory(), freeMemory() and gc()
Load()/loadLibrary()
Usage
Obtains access to an object of class
Runtime.
Executes external programs from the
Java runtime system.
Exits the Java runtime system.
Obtains information about their runtime
system and control memory used by it.
Loads dynamic link libraries.
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Example 11.4:
import java.lang.System;
import java.lang.Runtime;
import java.io.IOException;
public class runtime
{
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
{
Runtime rt= Runtime.getRuntime();
System.out.println(The Total memory: +rt.totalMemory());
System.out.println(The Free memory: +rt.freeMemory());
}
}
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258
Comp-U-Learn
Extending Java
Native Methods
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Create a Java class for the Native method and a Java class to include code to load
the native methods shared library.
Create a header file for the native method using javah.
Implement the native method as a non-Java code.
Compile and link this code to create a shared library.
Javah
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Usage: javah [options] <classes>

where [options] include:
-help
-classpath <path>
Print this help message

Path from which to load classes
Comp-U-Learn
259

-bootclasspath <path> Path from which to load bootstrap
classes
-d <dir>
-o <file>
may be used)
-jni
(default)
-old
file
-stubs
-version
-verbose
-force
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Generate old JDK1.0-style header
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Enable verbose output
Always write output files
<classes> are specified with their fully qualified names (for

instance, java.lang.Object).
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class mynative
{
{
if(args.length!=1)
{
System.out.println(This is the usage of Native call);
System.exit(0);
}
int x= new Integer(args[0]).intValue();
int a=new native1().cubecal(x);
System.out.println(a);
}
}
class native1
{
public native int cubecal(int x);
static
{
System.loadLibrary(native1);
}
}
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260
Comp-U-Learn
Extending Java
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/* DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - it is machine generated */

#include <jni.h>
/* Header for class native1 */
#ifndef _Included_native1
#define _Included_native1
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern C {
#endif
/*
* Class:
native1
* Method:
cubecal
* Signature: (I)I
*/
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Java_native1_cubecal
(JNIEnv *, jobject, jint);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif
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#include <jni.h>
1#include Calc.h
int cube(int x)
{
return(x*x*x);
}
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
Java_native1_cubecal
(JNIEnv *e, jobject o, jint x)
{
return cube(x);
}
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Summary
In this session we have seen the concepts of Reflection and the details about the Reflection
APIs. In this session all the classes and their functions were dealt with an example. In the
middle of the session we had learnt about the SecurityMannager class and its usage and the
Runtime class. Finally we covered Native method concepts.
Comp-U-Learn
261
Going Over It Again


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262
Comp-U-Learn
Session 12
Java Beyond Objects

) JavaMail APIs
) Email System
) Java Management APIs
) Clipboard Mechanism
) Internationalization
In This Session...
Introduction to Java Mail
Email System
JavaMail API
Layer of an Email System
Java Management API
Java Management Architecture
Components of JMAPI
Clipboard
Clipboard Class Usage
Internationalization
Classes for Internationalization
Date Formatting
Java Beyond Objects
Introduction to Java Mail

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Comp-U-Learn
265

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Fig. 12.2
JavaMail API
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javax.mail
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javax.mail.internet
javax.mail.search
266
Usage
It provides the basic classes to implement the UA.
It defines events, event listeners and adapters for the
events associated with the mail clients.
It provides classes and interfaces for working with
Internet mail headers and MIME headers.
It provides classes that can be used for performing
searches of messages and message parts.
Comp-U-Learn
Java Beyond Objects
Layers of an Email System

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Comp-U-Learn
267
Java Management API

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268
Comp-U-Learn
Java Beyond Objects
Appliance configuration and status reporting-Appliance configuration and status

information that was retrieved from agent objects is available as managed
objects that can be browsed by administrators.
Control and configuration of appliances The managed objects provide methods
that can be used to control the appliances or modify their configuration data.
SNMP agent interfaces These interfaces are presented to administrators as
browsable managed objects.
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to be maintained by relational database servers.
Database connectivity through JDBC Managed object servers use JDBC to
interface with relational database servers.
A Web server HTTP servers make management applets available to the
browsers used by administrators. These applets provide GUI controls that are
used to browse and display managed objects. The HTTP servers are also used to
distribute agent objects throughout the domains of the managed object servers.
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Admn. View Module

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Java Beyond Objects

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Example 12.1:
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.datatransfer.*;
public class ReadClipApp extends Frame
{
TextArea textArea = new TextArea();
Toolkit toolkit;
int screenWidth = 500;
int screenHeight = 500;
{
ReadClipApp app = new ReadClipApp();
}
public ReadClipApp()
{
super(ReadClipApp);
setup();
setSize(screenWidth,screenHeight);
addWindowListener(new WindowEventHandler());
show();
}
void setup()
{
272
Comp-U-Learn
Java Beyond Objects
setupMenuBar();
toolkit=getToolkit();
add(Center,textArea);
}
void setupMenuBar()
{
MenuBar menuBar = new MenuBar();
Menu fileMenu = new Menu(File);
Menu readMenu = new Menu(Read);
MenuItem fileExit = new MenuItem(Exit);
MenuItem readClipboard = new MenuItem(Clipboard);
fileExit.addActionListener(new MenuItemHandler());
readClipboard.addActionListener(new MenuItemHandler());
fileMenu.add(fileExit);
readMenu.add(readClipboard);
menuBar.add(fileMenu);
menuBar.add(readMenu);
setMenuBar(menuBar);
}
class MenuItemHandler implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ev){
String s=ev.getActionCommand();
if(s==Exit){
System.exit(0);
}
else if(s==Clipboard)
{
Clipboard clip=toolkit.getSystemClipboard();
String text=Object Name: ;
text+=clip.getName();
text+=\n\nData Flavors:;
Transferable contents=clip.getContents(ReadClipApp.this);
if(contents==null) text+=\n\nThe clipboard is empty.;
else{
DataFlavor flavors[]=contents.getTransferDataFlavors();
for(int i=0;i<flavors.length;++i){
text+=\n\n Name: +flavors[i].getHumanPresentableName();
text+=\n MIME Type: +flavors[i].getMimeType();
text+=\n Class: ;
Class cl = flavors[i].getRepresentationClass();
Comp-U-Learn
273
if(cl==null) text+=null;
else text+=cl.getName();
}
}
textArea.setText(text);
}
}
}
class WindowEventHandler extends WindowAdapter
{
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
System.exit(0);
}
}
}
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Example 12.2:
import java.util.*;
class local
{
{
Locale currentLocale = Locale.getDefault();
Locale locales[]={Locale.TAIWAN,Locale.KOREA,
Locale.ITALY,Locale.CANADA,Locale.CANADA_FRENCH};
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describeLocale(currentLocale);
System.out.println(OTHER LOCALES:);
for(int i=0;i<locales.length;++i)
describeLocale(locales[i]);
}
static void describeLocale(Locale l)
{
System.out.println(Country: +l.getDisplayCountry());
System.out.println(Language: +l.getDisplayLanguage());
System.out.println();
}
}
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CURRENT LOCALE:
Country: United States
Language: English
OTHER LOCALES:
Country: Taiwan
Language: Chinese
Country: South Korea
Language: Korean
276
Comp-U-Learn
Java Beyond Objects
Country: Italy
Language: Italian
Country: Canada
Language: English
Country: Canada
Language: French
Date Formatting
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Summary
In this session we have seen the concepts of JavaMail and the details about the
JavaMail APIs. We learnt the Java Management API also. In the middle of the
session we dealt with the clipboard mechanism and classes used for the clipboard
mechanism. At the end of this session the internationalization process was dealt
with some formatting classes.
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283
Appendix A
Appendix A
Relationship between Swing and AWT
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Swing Event Handling

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Events
AncestorEvent
ChangeEvent
DragEvent
ListDataEvent
MenuEvent
TableModeEvent
TreeExpansionEvent
TreeModeEvent
TreeSelectionEvent
Description
Occurs when an ancestor of a Jcomponent is added,
removed or moved.
Occurs when an objects state is changed.
Occurs as a result of the dragging of an object.
Occurs as a result of changes in the list selection.
Occurs as the result of the posting, selection or
canceling of a menu.
Occurs as the result of changes in the table.
Occurs as the result of a change in trees expansion.
Occurs as the result of change in a tree model.
Occurs as the result of a change in the tree selection.
Comp-U-Learn
285
Paint Mode in Swing

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System Colors
Color Names
Desktop
activeCaption
activeCaptionText
activeCaptionBorder
inactiveCaption
inactiveCaptionText
inactiveCaptionBorder
window
windowBorder
windowText
menu
menuText
text
textText
textHighlight
control
controlText
controlHighlight
control
scrollbar
Info
InfoText
286
Meanings
Background Color of the Desktop.
Background Color of the captions.
Text color captions.
Border color of the caption.
Background Color of inactive captions.
Text Color of inactive captions.
Border Color of inactive captions.
Background Color of windows.
Color of window border frame.
Color of window text.
Background Color for menus.
Text colors in menus.
Background Color of text.
Text Color for text.
Background Color for highlighted text.
Background Color of controls.
Text Color of controls.
Background Color for highlighted controls.
Shadow Shadow color of the controls.
Background Color of scrollbars.
Background Color of spot-help text.
Text Color of spot-help text
Comp-U-Learn
Appendix A
Appendix B
The Java Beans API
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Interface
AppletInitializer
Description
Methods in this interface are used to initialize
Beans as applets.
BeanInfo
Gives information about the properties, events and
methods of a bean.
Customizer
Allows the user to customize the beans using
GUI.
DesignMode
Determines whether the bean is executing in
design mode or not.
PropertyChangeListener When a bound property is changed a method in
this interface is invoked.
PropertyEditor
Objects that implement this interface allow the
designer to change and display property values.
VetoableChangeListener When a constrained property is changed a method
in this interface is invoked.
Visibility
Methods in this interface allow a Bean to execute
in environments where a GUI is not available.
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BeanDescriptor
Beans
EventSetDescriptor
FeatureDescriptor
IndexedPropertyDescriptor
IntrospectionException
Introspector
MethodDescriptor
Provides information about a Bean. Also

allows us to associate a customizer with a
Bean.
Used to obtain information about a Bean.
Describes the event that can be generated by a
Bean.
Provides all the descriptor classes
Describes the indexed property of a Bean.
Generates an exception when we are analyzing
a Bean.
Analyzes a Bean and constructs a BeanInfo
object.
Describes a Method of a Bean.
Comp-U-Learn
287
ParameterDescriptor
PropertyDescriptor
PropertyChangeEvent
PropertyChangeSupport
PropertyEditorManager
PropertyEditorSupport
SimpleBeanInfo
VetoableChangeSupport
Describes a parameter of a method of a Bean.

Describes a property of a Bean.
Provides PropertyChangeListener and
VetoableChangeListener interfaces.
Uses the PropertyChangeListener interface.
Locates a PropertyEditor object for a given
type.
Provides functionality that can be used when
writing property editors.
Provides functionality that can be used writing
BeanInfo classes.
Notifies the VetoableChangeListener objects.
Bean Development Tools

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288
Tool
JavaWorkSho
p
Java Studio
JavaPlan
Vendor
SunMicroSystem, Inc.
Visual Caf
Symanted, Inc.
Visual Age
Visual J++
IBM
Microsoft, Inc.
Jbuilder
Borland, Inc.
Super Mojo
Penumbra Software, Inc.
JDesignerPro
BulletProof Corp.
SuperCede
SuperCede, Inc.
Jamba
Interleaf
Description
A IDE supports applets, application
and Beans development.
Visual development tool for Beans.
A Java development tool supports
bean development.
High rated visual development tool
oriented around beans.
Visual development tool for Beans.
Java development tool with beans
development supports.
Bean oriented Java development
tools.
Java visual design tool supports
beans.
Application development tool and
middleware.
Cost effective Java visual design
tool.
Effective tool to develop beans.
Comp-U-Learn
Appendix A
JAF (JavaBeans Activation Framework)

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LQWHUIDFHV LQ WKDW SDFNDJH
Class/Interface
DataHandler
DataSource
FieldDataSource
URLDataSource
DataContextHandler
CommandMap
CommandObjects
MimeType
Description
Provides a standard interface to data of
different types and entry point of the JAF.
Interface that provides encapsulated access
to data of different types. It reports the data
type and provides access to the data via input
and output streams.
Extends DataSource to provide access to file
data.
Extends DataSource to provide access to
data that is accessible via a URL.
Uses the DataHandler to convert DataSource
objects to the objects they represent, and to
convert objects to byte streams of a
particular MIME type.
Provides access to the commands supported
for a particular MIME type, and maps these
commands to objects that support those
commands.
An interface implemented by JavaBeans to
make JAF aware.
Encapsulates a MIME type.
Comp-U-Learn
289
Index
Index
A
Aggregation, 98 99
Apache Web Server, 111
API, 3, 41, 69, 70, 105 107, 111, 152, 154,
162, 164, 184 186, 195, 198, 249 250,
252, 254, 262, 265 271, 278
Email, 222
EtchedBorder, 31
ExplicitButton, 81, 82, 84
Filtering, 128, 146
Basic Object Adapter, 231

BDK, 71, 73, 77, 79, 83
BeanBox, 71, 72, 76, 89 90, 92
BeanInfo, 70, 87, 94 96, 98
Beans, 69, 70, 75, 80, 83, 84, 92, 93, 98, 99,
249
BevelBorder, 31
BlueButton, 83
BorderLayout, 55, 61
Borland, 236
Bridges, 235
CGI, 104 106, 108, 110, 115, 217, 235

ChangeReporter, 81
ChoiceFormat, 277
CLASSPATH, 204
Clipboard, 271 274, 278
COBOL, 154, 184, 223
CORBA Facilities, 234
CORBA IDL, 223, 227, 229
CORBA Services, 232
Cursor, 181
IDL, 223, 225 232, 236, 238, 245 246

IIOP, 227, 229, 234 236, 245 246
Init, 115
Input Dialog Box, 37
Integrated Development Environment, 69,
155
Interface Definition Language, 196, 223
Interface Repository, 223, 231, 236 237,
246
Internationalization, 275, 278
Internet Inter ORB Protocol, 227, 229, 234
245
Introspection, 87, 89, 164, 249
IOR, 235, 246
ISAPI, 105, 115
D
Database, 110, 149, 151, 154, 158 159,
161, 222 233, 269
DateFormat, 277 278
DCE, 224
DCOM, 194, 195, 196
DecimalFormat, 277
DELETE, 110
Destroy, 115
Distributed Computing Environment, 193
DriverManager, 145, 149, 158 159
Getter Method, 34
Getter, 34
H
HTML Generation, 129
HttpServlet, 109 111, 113, 116, 120, 126,
128, 142, 145
J
JAR, 91
Java 2D, 3
Java Foundation Class, 3, 26
Java Mail, 265, 266, 267
Java Native Interface, 259
Java Security Manager, 107
Java Servlet Development Kit, 107, 111
Javah, 259
Comp-U-Learn
291
OLE, 194
OMG, 222 224, 231 232, 234, 236
OPTIONS, 34
OrangeButton, 83
ORB, 196
ORB, 222 223, 225 231, 234 236, 238,
240 241, 245 246
OurButton, 74, 80, 81, 84
JavaWebServer, 108
Jbuilder, 70
Jbutton, 39
JcheckBoxMenuItem, 48
Jcomponent, 22
JDBC Driver, 149
JDBC SELECT, 82
JellyBean, 80
JFC, 3, 27, 32, 37, 60, 65
JigsawServer, 108
Jlist, 16
JMAPI, 268, 269, 271, 278
JNI, 259, 262
JradioButton, 24
JradioButtonMenuItem, 48
JrootPane, 31
JSDK, 107, 111, 112, 120
Jtable, 6
Jtree, 7
Juggler, 83
Juggler, 95, 97
JVM, 104, 195, 197, 259, 268, 269
P
Panel, 5, 11, 22
Persistence, 232
Persistence, 70
Persistence, 91, 99
POP3, 265 267
POST, 110, 118, 140 141
PrintWriter, 111, 113, 117, 124, 126, 129,
142, 145
PUT, 110, 168
QuoteMonitor, 82, 84
LineBorder, 31
Locale, 254, 275 278
Lotus, 108
Mail Client, 265

Mail Server, 265
MatteBorder, 31
Menu, 10, 48, 52, 75, 273
Message Transfer Agent, 265
Modal Dialog Box, 32
Modeless Dialog Box, 32
Molecule, 83
Motif, 58, 63, 65
MVC, 57
RDBMS, 149, 153 154, 232

Reflection, 249, 252, 254, 261, 262
Remote Procedure Call, 225
Remote Reference Layer, 198
Remote, 191, 194 198, 200, 201, 206, 210
214, 218, 225, 227, 229
Repository ID, 227, 229
Request For Comments, 265
ResourceBundle, 275 276
RFC, 265 266
RMI, 221 222, 227, 230, 244, 249
RPC, 224
Runtime, 150, 257 258, 261 262
Native Methods, 259
Serialization, 70
Serialization, 91, 99
Service, 232 234, 236 237
Servlet Context, 124
Servlet Engines, 107
ServletRequest, 109 110, 116, 123, 124,
125
Servlets, 103 104, 106 107, 111, 113,
119, 127, 144, 146, 224
Setter Method, 34
O
Object Adapter, 231
Object Database Management Group, 233
Object Management Group, 222, 224
Object Request Broker, 196, 222, 224 246
ODMG, 233
292
Comp-U-Learn
Index
Setter, 34
Signature, 261
Skeleton, 196, 198, 203, 205 206, 215,
231
SoftBevelBorder, 31
Solaris, 106, 236
SQLJ, 150 156, 158, 160, 161 166, 170
187
SSJS, 104 105, 119
Stop, 74, 75
Stub, 198, 203, 205, 206, 215
SunWebServer, 108
T
TCP/IP, 191, 192, 193
TCP/IP, 222, 224, 234
TickTock, 83
Translator, 150 152
Transport Layer, 198
U
UnicastRemoteObject, 201
UnicastRemoteObject, 210 212, 214
Unpickling, 84
User Agent, 265
V
VisiBroker, 235 236, 238
Visigenic, 235 236, 238
Visual Caf, 70
W
Web Server, 111
ZIP, 78
Comp-U-Learn
293

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Advanced Java Programming

Copyright 1999, Comp-U-Learn Inc.

All Trade Marks Acknowledged

The Book at a Glance

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On Completion of this Session

Introduction to Java Foundation Classes

The Swing Component Hierarchy

An Overview of Swing Packages

Moving along with Swing

Slider Control and Progress Bar

Introduction to Java Foundation Classes

The Abstract Windowing ToolKit

Advanced Java Programming

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Advanced Java Programming

public class table extends Frame {

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Advanced Java Programming

public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent evt)

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Advanced Java Programming

class radiopanel extends JPanel

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Going Over It Again

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