1.

Informal Education This refers to the lifelong process of learning by which

every person acquires and accumulates knowledge, skills, attitudes and insights
from daily experiences at home, at work, at play and from life itself.

2.

Integrated Schools Schools that offer a complete basic education in one

school site and has unified instructional program.

3.

Basic Education It covers early childhood education, elementary, high school,

alternative learning system and special needs education.

4.

Operating Officers DepEd officials who are directly involved in the

implementation, evaluation and monitoring plans, programs and projects of the
department.

5.

Adults Learners These are learners who are aged 25 years old and above
who are illiterates or neo-literates who have either no access to formal education
or have reverted to illiteracy.

6.

Schools Division Superintendent He/she can appoint only teachers, school

heads/principals and division education supervisors.

7.

Regional Director He/she can direct the establishment of another new district
upon the recommendation of the Schools Division Superintendent.

8.

Regional Director He/she can exercise disciplinary action over the teaching
personnel only.

9.

Republic Act 9155 An act that renamed the DECS into DepEd abolished the
BPESS (Bureau of Physical Education and School Sports) and the transfer of the
Komisyon ng Wikang Pilipino, national Historical Institute, Records Management
and Archives to the National Commission for Culture and Arts (NCCA).

10. Republic Act 9155 Known as the Governance of Education Act of 2001
11. Republic Act 8980 Known as the Early Childhood Care and Development Act

12. Republic Act 10157 Known as the Kindergarten Education Act

13. Republic Act 8525 Known as the Adopt-a-School Act of 1998
14. Republic Act 7836 Known as the Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act
of 1994
15. Republic Act 8190 Known as the Localization Law
16. Republic Act 4670 Known as the Magna Carta for Public School Teachers
17. Republic Act 6713 Known as the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for
Public Officials and Employees
18. Republic Act 7160 Known as the Local Government Code of 1991
19. Republic Act 7041 Known as the Publication Law
20. Republic Act 9184 Known as the Government Procurement Reform Act
21. Republic Act 7610 Known as the Special Protection of Children against
Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination
22. Republic Act 7880 Known as the Fair and Equitable Allocation of the DECS
Budget for Capital Outlay
23. Republic Act 7877 Known as the Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
24. Batas Pambansa 232 Known as the Education Act of 1982
25. Presidential Decree 603 Known as the Child and Youth Welfare Code of the
Philippines
26. Community Linkages It is the learning environments that respond to the
aspirations of the community domain of the NCBTS.

27. Career Service It is based on merit and fitness determined as far as

practicable by competitive examinations as based on highly technical
qualifications.
28. MT 1 for 3 years and MA academic requirements Qualifications to become a
Master Teacher II.
29. Transfer It is the movement of the employee from one position to another
which is of equivalent rank level or salary without break in the service.
30. Promotion It is the advancement of the employee from one position to another
with an increase in duties and responsibilities and usually accompanied by an
increase in salary.
31. Reinstatement It is the issuance of an appointment to a person who has been
previously appointed to a position in a career service and who has through no
delinquency or misconduct, been separated therefrom exonerating him specifies
restoration to his previous position.
32. Reassignment It is the movement of one employee from on organizational to
another in the same department or agency which does not involve a reduction in
rank, status or salary.
33. Six (6) months only An additional period given to a public employee who is
already 65 years old but not achieved 15 years in the service.
34. Eight (8) hours and five (5) working days It is the number of hours and days
a teacher should render his/her services.
35. Six (6) teaching hours and two (2) working hours It is the complete teaching
and working hours of a teacher in a day.
36. Technical Skill This is a management skill given to employees who are
unfamiliar with their job or present assignment.

37. Strategic Planning It is the process of setting directions for an institution to

realize what it wants to achieve and to go where he wants to go.
38. 25 points in leadership and potential A minimum point required to a Master
Teacher candidate in order to be promoted.
39. The road to excellence starts here. A battle cry of every public school
which means excellence is management that orchestrates diverted at the different
aspects of principal operations to achieve the instructional goals of the school.
40. Portfolio Assessment A diagnostic tool which provides pupils profile and the
emerging skills that will help him become increasingly independent learner and
evaluate his possession of knowledge.
41. Fifteen (15) days Number of days a receipt of request by the school to the
issuance of official school certificates, diplomas, transcript of records, grades,
transfer credentials and similar documents and records.
42. Civil Service Manual It contains the basic regulations, institution and
information which guide DepEd Central Office and the field personnel in carrying
out the teacher of the department.
43. DepEd Order, Memoranda and Bulletins These are issued by the DepEd for
directions and regulations for the information of or compliance by the field.
44. Recruitment It refers to the process of searching for and identifying job
candidates in sufficient quality and quantity.
45. Merit Promotion Plan This provides guidelines, policies and procedures for
recruitment, selection and appointment.
46. Learning Management Plan It is a document focused in learning composed of
the Professional Development Plan of school head, professional development
plan of teachers and student development activities.

47. Community of Practice (COP) It is a group of professionals/workers bound to

one another based on common problems and pursuit of solutions.
48. Instructional Development It is a means of determining the extent to which
the application of a new skill/competency learned contributed to improving
teaching and learning.
49. National Educators Academy of the Philippines (NEAP) Formerly known as
the National Education Learning Center (NELC). It provides continuing strategic
human resource development programs for school managers and leaders within
the context of emerging legitimate demands.
50. Mentoring It is developmental, caring, sharing and helping relationships where
one person invests time, know-how and effort in enhancing another persons
growth, knowledge and skills.
51. Code of Ethical Standards It defines the administrative disciplinary case as
one wherein an official or employee of the government is prosecuted for an act or
omission punishable as a non-penal offense as provided for in the Civil Service
Law, Administrative Law and other laws.
52. Grievance Procedure It is referred to as workable procedure for determining
or providing the best way to remedy the specific cause or causes of the grievance.
53. Property Accountability It is the obligation imposed by law on an official for
keeping accurate records of property.
54. The Principals Guidelines Regarding Standard Operating Procedures for
Teachers and Accounting of Government Property This is to enable the
principal to group property management as applied to teachers in her particular
school.
55. Performance Indicators It refers to the several key indicators that can be
computed and utilized for evaluating the educational systems performance at
various levels.

56. Participation Rate It is the ratio between the enrolments in the school age
range to the total population of that range.
57. Growth Enrolment Rate It refers to the total enrolment in a given level of
education as a percentage of a population which according to national regulations
should be enrolled at this level. It is the measure of the capacity of a regional
elementary and secondary school.
58. Cohort Survival Rate It is the proportion of enrollees at the beginning grade or
year who reach the final grade or year at the end of the required number of years
of study.
59. Completion Rate It is the percentage of first year entrants in a level of
education who completes/finishes the level of accordance with the required
number of year of study.
60. Drop-out Rate It is the proportion of pupils who leave the school during the
year as well as those who complete the grade/year level but fail to enroll in the
next grade/year following the school year to the total number of pupils during the
previous school year.
61. Transition Rate It is the percentage of pupils who graduate from one level of
education and none on the higher next level.
62. Achievement Rate It refers to the degree of performance in different study
areas in various levels of education.
63. Mean Performance Score (MPS) It indicates the ratio between the number of
correctly answered items and the total number of test questions or the percentage
of correctly answered item in a test.
64. Teacher-Pupil Ratio It is the proportion of enrolment at a certain level of
education in a given school year to the number of authorized nationally-paid
positions.

65. M2 (moderate) Maturity Level of Teacher A maturity level of teacher who

does not need only direction and supervision but needs encouragement or support
and recognition for a job done.
66. Encouraging Style of Leadership It is described as a combination of high
directive (task) and high supportive behavior and is most appropriate to be used to
people who have some competence but lack of commitment.
67. DepEd Order No. 28, 2005 It recognizes the Red Cross Youth (RCY) as official
co-curricular organization in the school and encourages every elementary and
secondary student to enlist as members of the Junior Red Cross Youth (JRCY)
and the Senior Red Cross Youth (SRCY).
68. Republic Act 8190 The law that provides that teachers-applicant or teacherstransferee for that matter given priority if they are bonafide residents of the
barangay, municipality or province where the school recipient is located.
69. DepEd Order Number 22, series 2005 It includes the BSP, GSP, PNRY, and
Anti-TB Education Drive as voluntary basis of contribution.
70. Peer Supervision It is being done to Teacher 1 and Teacher 2.
71. Intensive-Guided Supervision It is being given to new teachers in the school.
72. Collaborative Supervision It is given to teachers who prefer to work
cooperatively with the supervisor in developing a supervision form.
73. Registry of Qualified Applicants It refers to the list of applicants deemed to have
met the qualifications required by law based on the evaluation and selection
guidelines for teacher positions in the elementary and secondary public schools.
74. Management It is a way the principals use themselves to create a school
climate characterized by staff productivity, pupil productivity and creative thought.
75. Managerial Acumen It is the systematic application of an array of skills that
provide an orderly, efficient and effective school environment.

76. Potential This takes into account the employees capability not only to perform
the duties and assume the responsibilities of the position to be filled but also to
those of higher and more responsible positions.
77. School Climate It refers to the sum of all values, cultures, safety practices and
organizational structures within a school that cause it to function and react in
particular ways.
78. Alternative Learning System (ALS) It is a parallel learning system to provide a
viable alternative to the existing formal education.
79. Quality Education It is an appropriateness, relevance and excellence of the
education given to meet the needs and aspirations of an individual in a society.
80. DepEd Subsidized Program It is known as the pre-school education funded
by the PTA and other organizations.
81. Principle of Shared Governance It is the principle which recognizes that
every unit in the education bureaucracy has a particular role, task and
responsibility inherent in the office.
82. Inferring It the process of reading between the lines or drawing of implications.
83. School-Based Management It enables and empowers stakeholders to
manage their own affairs for improved delivery of educational services in a
sustainable manner.
84. Accountability Mechanism It is the criteria and quality dimensions of the
school-based management that includes resourcing, classroom structuring and
pupil/student achievement.
85. Crisis Management It is a term generally applied to critical situation, a turning
point characterized by a sense of urgency.
86. Threat An element of crisis management which is a potential hindrance to
some state of goal desired by an organization or individual.

87. Decision This element of crisis management refers to time in short when the
situation will be altered in the near future after which no decision can be made
only under less favorable circumstances.
88. Surprise The element of crisis management which refers to lack of selfawareness by those affected by the crisis, is likely to occur, but is not equated with
the lack of planned response to the situation.
89. Brainstorming It involves the spontaneous identification of alternatives by
individuals interacting in an unrestrained setting.
90. Synectics This is a creativity technique that involves the identification of novel
alternatives through the joining together of different and apparently irrelevant
elements.
91. Normal Grouping It is the identification of alternatives through a highly
structured procedure that purposely attempts to restrict verbal interaction.
92. School Plant It refers to the school facilities of the school consisting of the site,
buildings and other structures.
93. Republic Act 9155, Section 14 It refers to the implementing rules and
regulations known as Authority, Responsibility and Accountability (AuRA).
94. Technical Competencies This refers to the development of the curriculum and
supervision to ensure the full implementation of the curriculum.
95. Human Resource Competencies This refers to the role of the principal on the
collaborative method which is complex and it involves many variables; issues deal
with human factor affecting the staff, attitudes and perception of the staffs, climate
conducive to productive work and emphasis on interpersonal issues.
96. Political Competencies It is a role which refers to limited resources, principals
will either have to use for some resources; the principal develops ways to
collaborate and cooperate in sharing those resources.

97. Architectural Competencies This is the process by which the administrators

use to frame/construct roles and relationships that will allow organizations to get
things down.
98. Bank It refers to World Bank (WB), the lending agency for the NPSBE Project.
99. National Program Support to Basic Education (NPSBE) A 200 million US
dollars program support loan secured by the government from the World Bank to
finance in part of the various key reform thrusts outlined in the BESRA.
100.Support to the Philippine Basic Education Reforms (SPHERE) A grant fund
from the Australian AID Trust Fund amounting to 41 million Au$.
101.School Based Management The decentralization of decision-making authority
from central, regional, and division levels to the individual schools with the intent
bringing together the school heads, teachers, students as well as the parents, the
local government units, and the community at large in bringing improved learning
outcomes through effective schools.
102.Grant The funding facility authorized to be used by the schools in SBM
operations, also known as the SBM Support and Installation Fund or the SBM
Grant.
103.School Improvement Plan An education development plan that shows the
intent and design that the schools will undertake to introduce improvements in
learning outcomes within the context of SBM in prescribed period and at a given
cost.
104.Annual Improvement Plan It identifies the problems and objectives for one
school year and the intervention programs that include strategies and learning
activities, time frame for implementing the activities, persons responsible, and
resources needed which are appropriate to achieve the objectives set.

105.Qualified Recipient Schools These are public elementary and secondary

schools with grant applications submitted to their respective Division Offices and
found to be eligible under the terms and conditions of this set of guidelines.
106.Eligible Activities and Expenditure Items These are activities and
expenditure items within the parameters set out in the NPSBE Loan Agreement
and which are recognized as reimbursable by the World Bank.
107.School Grant Proposal A school program/or project proposal that primarily
focuses on the development of ideal or educationally maximal learning
environment for children based on the accepted/approved SIP/AIP submitted to
the Division Office that outlines a proposed project and shows budgetary
requirements and requests monetary assistance in the form of a grant.
108.Implementing Units It refers to the secondary schools that maintain separate
book of accounts.
109.Non-implementing Units It refers to public elementary and secondary schools
without separate book of accounts that are under the direct supervision of the
division offices.
110. High Priority Divisions These refer to the 40 highly challenged DepEd
divisions whose performance indicators have been computed as way below
standards.
111. 4Ps Program It is a poverty reduction measure of the Philippine government
that focuses on human capital investment in the poorest of the poor households in
the country.
112. 4Ps Schools These are public elementary schools within the municipalities
covered by the 4Ps program managed by DSWD.
113. 7m x 9m classroom The conventional design of classroom to be adopted for
all public elementary and secondary schools regardless of its location and class
size.

NQESH / Principals Test Q & A On Governance For Basic Education And

Regulations Governing Public Schools
Read: NQESH Principals Test Review Materials

I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Q: What are the constitutional provisions relevant to public schools in
basic education?
The following are the constitutional provisions relevant to public schools in basic
education:
1. The state shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all
levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.

1.1 Q: May a principal of a public elementary or high school refuse the

enrollment of a pupil/student due to sex, ethnic grouping, or religion of
the child or his parents?
A: No, because such refusal will violate the right of the pupil/student to have quality
education as provided in Sec. 1 Art. XIV of the 1987 Constitution and because it will

violate his/her constitutional right to be accorded equal protection of the laws

guaranteed under Sec. 1 Art. III of the 1987 Constitution to all Filipino citizens.

1.2 Q: May a principal of a public elementary or high school refuse

admission of a pupil/student for not being a resident of the same
barangay or municipality where the school is located?
A: No, because such refusal will violate the constitutional right of the child to have
quality education.

1.3 Q: May a principal limit the enrollment to sixty (60) pupils/student s

per classroom and give to residents priority over non-residents of the
barangay or municipality where the school is located?
A. Yes, because limiting the enrollment to sixty (60) pupils/students per classroom in in
consonance with DepEd Order No. 32 S 2003 provided that the principal will give
assistance to the pupil/student to enroll in nearby school so as not to deprive him/her
right to education.

2.1 Q: Shall state establish, maintain and support only basic

education?
A. No, because Sec 2 (2) Art. XIV of the 1987 Constitution mandates that the State shall
establish, maintain and support a complete adequate and integrated educational system
relevant to the needs of the people and society and because Sec. 1 Art. XIV of the
Constitution provides that the State shall protect and promote the right of all Filipino
Citizens to quality education at all levels.

3.1Q: Supposing Mr. P the principal of public high school issues an

order not to enroll students unless they will pay first the membership
fees for Red Cross, Boys Scout and Girls Scout. Is the order valid?
A. No. The Order is not valid for being contrary to Sec. 2 (3) Art. XIV of the 1987
Constitution which provides for a free public elementary and secondary education and
for being in violation of DepEd Order No. 65 S 2010 which provides that for grade and
year levels beyond grade 4, no collection of any type should be undertaken during the

enrollment period and the first month of classes and that starting on the second month
of every school year, contributions may be collected but on a voluntary basis.

4.1 Q: Does the government provide financial assistance to students

in a public school who want to enroll in a private high school?
A. Yes, the government provides financial assistance to public elementary school
graduates belonging to the top fifty percent (50%) of the graduating class with an annual
family income of P100,000.00 or less who wish to enroll in a private high school.

4.2 Q: How much is the financial assistance?

A: The financial assistance is P5,000.00 per student grantee outside National Capital
Region (NCR) and P10,000.00 within NCR.

4.3 Q: What is this program that provides financial assistance to

students and teachers in private education?
A: This program providing for government assistance to students and teachers in
private school is called GASTPE which is provided by RA 6728 as amended.

5.1 Q: Is there a need for alternative learning system in the

Philippines?
A: Yes, to provide all Filipinos the chance to have access to basic education.

5.2 Q: How is learning provided under this alternative learning

system?
A: Learning may be provided thru the use of modules or by mobile teachers using books
and instructional materials.

6.1 Q: Shall all public and private schools include the study of the
Constitution as part of the curricula?

Yes, because Sec. 3 (1) Art. XIV of the 1987 Constitution mandates that all educational
institutions shall include the study of the constitution as part of their curricula.

7.1 Q: In what subject in basic education are these value of patriotism,

nationalism and other values taught?
A: Values education or edukasyon sa pagpapahalaga.

8.1 Q: How do public and private institutions in the educational system

complement one another?
A: Students may transfer from a public school to a private school and vice versa; both
institutions follow at least the minimum standards and criteria set by the Department
and both are under the reasonable supervision and regulation of the Department.

9.1 Q: Supposing Mr. S the Superintendent Schools appointed Mr. F a

foreigner as the Principal of a public high school. Is the appointment in
order?
A: No, for it is in violation of Sec. 4 (2)Art. XIV of the 1987 Constitution which vests upon
citizens of the Philippines the control and administration of educational institutions.

10.1 Q: In formulating educational policies and programs, what shall

the Department take into account?
A: The Department shall take into account regional and sectoral needs and shall
encourage local planning in the development of educational policies and programs.

11.1 Q: What is academic freedom?

A: The Supreme Court of the United States said that academic freedom means a
university can determine for itself on academic grounds:
Who may teach
What may be taught
How it should be taught
Who may be admitted to study

12.1 Q: At present, the result of the National Career Assessment

Examination (NCAE) being administered every year to all fourth year
high school students in public and private secondary schools only
serve as guide to students for the courses they will take in postsecondary institutions of learning. Supposing a law will be enacted to
make the results of the NCAE a prerequisite for enrollment in
college/university courses or in vocational/technological courses or
other short entrepreneurial courses, will the law be constitutional?
A: The author is of the opinion, that such law will be in consonance on the basis that
making the results of the NCAE a prerequisite for enrollment in college/ university
courses or in vocational/technological courses will be a fair, reasonable and equitable
admission and academic requirement and within the authority of the State to provide
reasonable supervision and regulation of all educational institutions.

13.1 Q: How shall the State enhance the right of teachers to

professional advancement?
A: By providing trainings and seminars to teachers; by providing sabbatical leave to
teachers; by giving scholarship to teachers.

14.1 How will the state insure that teaching will attract and retain its
rightful share of the best available talents?
A: Through adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and fulfillment.

II. BASIC EDUCATION

6.1 Q: What does basic education encompass?
A: Basic Education encompasses early childhood, elementary and high school
education as well as alternative learning systems for out-of-school youth and adult
learners and includes education for those with special needs

6.2 Q: What shall be the main programs of basic education?

A: Basic Education shall have five (5) main programs, namely: pre-school, elementary,
secondary, special needs and alternative learning systems.

6.3 Q: What shall the elementary education programs cover?

A: Elementary education programs shall cover at least Grades I to VI; secondary
education programs from First year to Fourth year or a total of ten (10) school years in
the formal school system.

6.4 Q: To ensure proper implementation of the Education For All (EFA)

A: To ensure proper implementation of the Education For All (EFA) policy of the
government, alternative learning systems shall provide for the basic learning needs of
out-of-school children, youth and adults, 15 years old and above.

7 Q: Upon what government agency is the administration of the

educational system and the supervision and regulation of all
educational institutions in basic education vested?
A: The Administration of the educational system and the reasonable supervision and
regulation of all educational institutions in basic education are vested in the Department
without prejudice, however, to the charter of any state university or college.

8.1 Q: What are the levels in Formal Education?

A: Formal Education shall correspond to the following levels in basic education:
a. The first level or Elementary Education involves compulsory, formal education
primarily concerned with providing basic education, and usually corresponds to a
traditional six or seven grade, and in addition, pre-school programs. Such pre-school
education normally consists of kindergarten schooling, but may be cover other
preparatory courses as well.

The second level or Secondary Education is concerned primarily with continuing basic
education of the elementary level and expanding it to include the learning of employable
gainful skills, usually corresponding to four years of high school.

9.1 Q: What shall the curricular programs be?

A: The curricular programs shall be suggestive patterns and models for the guidance of
field officials and teachers. These may be enriched or modified to suit he needs of the
learners and the conditions in the school and community, provided however, that any
radical departure from the specific subjects and curricula shall have the approval of
Secretary of Education.

9.2 Q: What must the curricular programs focus on?

A: The development and organization of the curricular programs must focus on the
learners total development. The curricula shall be based on the fundamental aims of
education set forth in Art. XIV Sec. 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, B.P. Blg. 232
also known as the Education Act of 1982, and other statutes.

10.1 Q: What does Pre-school education or early childhood education

refer?
A: It refers to the educational program/s preparatory to Grade I to develop the child in
all aspects physical, social, emotional, moral and cognitive, so that s/he may be better
prepared to tackle formal school works and cope with the demands of complex life

10.1.1 Q: What do the early Childhood Education (ECE) Learning area

include?
A: The Early Childhood Education (ECE) Learning Areas include activities that develop
in each child communication skills in English and Filipino, numeracy skills, sensory
perceptual skills, socio emotional skills, motor and creative skills.

10.2 Q: What are the objectives of elementary education?

A: Elementary Education Objectives.

To provide knowledge and develop the skills, attitudes and values essential to
personal development and necessary for living in, and contributing to, a
developing and changing social milieu;

To provide learning experiences which shall increase the learners awareness of,
and responsiveness to, the changes and demands of society and prepare him/her
for constructive and effective involvement;

To promote and intensify the learners knowledge of identification with, and love
for the nation and the people to which he/she belongs; and

To promote experiences which develop the learners orientation to the world of

work and creativity and prepare himself/herself to engage in honest and gainful
work.

10.3 Q: What is Special Needs Education?

A: Special Needs Education refers to the education of persons who are gifted or
talented as well as those who have physical, mental, social or sensory impairment.
Such group may require modifications of the school curricula, programs and special
services and physical facilities to help them develop to their maximum capacity.

Q: What shall be the aim of special education?

A: Special Education (SPED) shall aim to develop the maximum potential of the child
with special needs to enable him to become self-reliant and gears towards providing
him with the opportunities for a full and happy life.

Q: What shall be the ultimate goal of special education?

A: The ultimate goal of special education shall be the integration of learners with
special needs into the regular school system and eventually in the community.

Q: On what is the curriculum for special needs education based and

designed?
A: The curriculum for Special Needs Education shall be based on the curriculum
prescribed for the regular schools by the Department and designed to respond to the
special needs of the following learners.

The Mentally Handicapped

The Hearing Impaired

The Visually Impaired

The Orthopedically Handicapped

The Children with Behavioral Problems

Q: What are the schemes or options that may be adopted for Special
Needs Education Program?
A: The following schemes or options may be adopted for Special Needs Education
program:
Modified curriculum shall be prescribed for regular children with certain adaptations to
meet the needs of special children.
Special curriculum shall be prescribed for children with special needs aimed primarily at
developing adaptive skills to maximize their potentials.

Q: What are the prototypes of special programs and provisions for the
gifted and talented which shall be developed and maintained?
A: Special programs and provisions for the gifted and talented which shall be developed
and maintained may take the following prototypes:
Acceleration shall refer to any administrative practice designed to move gifted learners
through school more rapidly than usual. Administrative practices under acceleration

shall include early admission, grade skipping, advanced placement, telescoping of

grade levels and credits by examination.
1.

Grade Acceleration/Grade Skipping

2.

Grade Telescoping

Ability grouping shall refer to any classification of children for instructional purposes in
terms of capacity for learning and demonstrated achievement. The types of ability
grouping shall be:
1.

Special Class/Self-Contained Classes

2.

Pull-out Program

3.

Enrichment

10.4 Q: What are its objectives?

A: Its objectives are as follows:
To continue to promote the objectives of elementary education
To discover and enhance the different aptitudes and interests of the students so as to
equip him with skills for productive endeavor and/or prepare him for tertiary schooling

10.4.1 Q: What are the curricular offerings of the different types of

secondary education?
A: The curricular offerings of the different types of secondary schools are as follows:
1.

General Secondary School

2.

General Comprehensive High School

3.

Secondary Vocational School

4.

Special Secondary School

Regional Division Science High School (R/DHS)

Science and Technology High School (STHS)

Science High School and Science and Technology School

1.

Mathematics in the fourth year includes Analytical Geometry and Elementary

Calculus

2.

English includes Speech and Drama in the First Year and Technical and Essay
Writing in the Second Year.

3.

Earth Science/Environmental Science and the regular Fourth Year Physics are
subjects in the Third Year Chemistry is a subject in the Fourth Year.

The Special Science Curriculum

School for the Handicap

Boys Town School

The School for Minor Offenders

The Philippine High School for the Arts

10.5 Q: What is Alternative Learning System?

A: Alternative Learning System is a parallel learning system that provides viable
alternative to the existing formal education instruction. It encompasses both the nonformal and informal sources of knowledge and skills.

Policy, Principles and Levels of Governance

for Basic Education
III. GOVERNANCE FOR BASIC EDUCATION

11 Q: What is the State Policy on the right of citizens to quality basic

education?
A: It is hereby declared the policy of the State to protect and promote the right of all
citizens to quality basic education and to make such education accessible to all by
providing all Filipino children a free and compulsory education in the elementary level
and free education in the high school level. Such education shall also include alternative
learning systems for out-of-school youth and adult learners.

Q: What shall be the goal of basic education?

A: It shall be the goal of basic education to provide them with the skills, knowledge and
values they need to become caring, self-reliant, productive and patriotic citizens.

Q: What shall be the heart of the formal education system?

A: The school shall be the heart of the formal education system. It is where children
learn. Schools shall have a single aim of providing the best possible basic education for
all learners.

Q: Where shall governance of basic education begin?

A: Governance of basic education shall begin at the national level.

Q: Where shall the policy and principle for the governance of basic
education be translated into programs, projects, and services to fit
local needs?
A: It is at the regions, divisions, schools, and learning centers referred to as the field
offices where the policy and principle for the governance of basic education be
translated into programs, projects and services developed, adapted and offered to fit
local needs.

Q: To improve the quality of basic education, whom shall be the State

encourage?

A: The State shall encourage local initiatives for improving the quality of basic
education.

12. Q: What is the principle of shared governance?

A: Shared governance is a principle which recognizes the every unit in the education
Bureaucracy has a particular role, task and responsibilities inherent in the office and for
which it is principally accountable for outcomes.

Q: What shall be observed in the decision making process at

appropriate levels?
A: The process of democratic consultation.

Q: What shall be established to ensure coordination and open

communication for the central office with the regional, division and
school levels?
A: Feedback mechanism.

Q: What shall be operationalized in the performance of functions and

responsibilities at all levels?
A: The principles of accountability and transparency.

Q: What shall be strengthened to facilitate the flow of information and

expand linkages with other government agencies, local government
units, non-governmental organization for effective governance?
A: The communication channels of field officers.

13.1 Q: What is the Department of Education vested with for ensuring

access to, promoting equity in, and improving the quality of basic
education?

A: The Department of Education is vested with authority, accountability and

responsibility for ensuring access to, promoting equity in, and improving the quality of
basic education.

13.2 Q: What are the structural components of the department?

A: The Central Office and Field Offices

13.2 Q: What are the major services of the DepEd Central Office and
their respective functions?
A: The major services of DepEd Central Office and their respective functions are the
following:
1. Administrative

Office of the Director

General Services Division

Dental Clinic

Medical

Radio Communication Network Unit

Security Service Unit

Records Division

Property Division

Teachers Camp

2. Financial Management Service

Budget Division

Payroll Services Division

Systems Division

Management Division

Cash Division

3. Human Resource Development

Personnel Division
Project
Employees Welfare and Benefits Division
Staff Development Division
Special Programs
Programs
4. Planning

Project Development and Evaluation Division

Research and Statistics Division (RSD) and Database Management Unit (DBMU)

Physical Facilities Schools and Engineering Division

5. Technical Service

Materials Production and Division Publication Division

Educational Information Division

Audio-Visual Division

Educational Technology Unit

6. Legal

13.4 Q: What are the Bureaus of the Department and their respective
functions?
A: The Bureaus of the Department comprise of the following:
1.

Bureau of Elementary Education

2.

Bureau of Secondary Education

3.

Bureau of Alternative Learning System (BALS)

13.5 Q: What do the Centers of the Department compromise of and

what are their functions?
A: The Centers of the Department each headed by a Director comprise of the following
with their respective functions:
1.

The National Education Testing and Research Center (NETRC)

2.

Schools Health and Nutrition Center ( SHNC)

3.

Educational Development Projects Implementing Task Force (EDPITAF)

4.

National Science Testing Instrumentation Center (NSTIC)

5.

Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (IMCS)

6.

National Educators Academy of the Philippines (NEAP)

13.6 Q: What are the Field Offices of DepEd?

A: DepEd Field Offices consist of Regional Offices, Division Offices and Public School
and Learning Centers.

14.1 Q: What shall the Secretary exercise over the operation of the
Department?
A: Overall authority and supervision over the operation of the Department.

Q: What are the powers, duties and responsibilities of the Secretary?

A: In addition to his/her powers under existing laws, the Secretary of Education shall
have authority, accountability and responsibility for the following:
1.

Formulating national educational policies;

2.

Formulating a national basic education plan;

3.

Promulgating national educational Standards

4.

Monitoring & Assessing national learning outcomes;

5.

Undertaking national educational research and studies;

6.

Enhancing the employment status, professional competence, welfare and

working conditions of all personnel of the Department; and

7.

Enhancing the total development of learners through local and national programs
and/or projects.

Q: How many undersecretaries and assistant secretaries shall assist

the Secretary?
A: The Secretary of Education shall be assisted by not more than four (4)
undersecretaries and not more than four (4) assistant secretaries whose assignments
duties and responsibilities shall be governed by law.

Q: Are the powers of the Secretary limited to those enumerated in

Sec. 7A of RA 9155?

A: No. Because Sec. 7A of RA9155 expressly provides that the powers enumerated
therein are only in addition to his/her powers under existing laws.

14.2 Q: Is there a limit to the number of regional offices?

A: No. Because there shall be as many regional offices maybe provided by law.

Q: How are regional offices created?

A: By Law.

Q: What is the composition of a regional office and where are they

located?
A: It is composed of provincial and city schools divisions and it has a Director, an
Assistant Director and an office staff for programs, promotion and support, planning,
administrative and fiscal services.
Region IV-A is composed of 14 divisions
1.

Calamba City

2.

Cavite City

3.

Cavite

4.

Laguna

5.

Lucena City

6.

Lipa City

7.

Quezon

8.

Antipolo City

9.

Sta. Rosa City

10. Rizal
11. Batangas Province
12. Batangas City
13. Tanauan City
14. San Pablo City

Q: What shall be the authority, accountability and responsibilities of

the regional directors?
A: Consistent with the national educational policies, plans and standards, the regional
director shall have authority, accountability and responsibility for the following:
1.

Defining a regional educational policy framework which reflects the values, needs
and expectations of the communities they serve.

2.

Developing a regional basic education plan;

3.

Developing regional educational standards with a view towards bench-marking

for international competitiveness

4.

Monitoring, evaluating and assessing regional learning outcomes.

5. Undertaking research projects and developing and managing region wide

projects which may be funded through official development assistance and/or
other finding agencies.
5. Ensuring strict compliance with prescribed national criteria for the recruitment.
5. Formulating, in coordination with the regional development council, the budget to
support the regional educational plan which shall take into account the educational
plans of the divisions and districts.

5. Determining the organization component of the divisions and districts and

approving the proposed staffing pattern of all employees in the divisions and
districts.
9. Hiring, placing and evaluating all employees in the regional office, except for the
position of assistant director.
9. Evaluating all schools division superintendents and assistant division
superintendents in the region.
9. Planning and managing the effective and efficient use of all personnel, physical
and fiscal resources of the regional office, including professional staff
development.
9. Managing the database and management information system of the region.
9. Approving the establishment of public and private elementary and high schools
and learning centers
9. Performing such other functions as may be assigned by proper authorities.

Q: How shall the regional directors exercise authority over employees

in the regional office?
A: By hiring, placing and evaluating all employees in the regional office except for the
position of assistant director.

Q: Does the regional director have the authority to hire a public school
teacher in his region? Why or why not?
A: No. Because the power to hire, place and evaluate all employees in the division both
teaching and non teaching personnel except for the assistant division superintendent is
expressly vested upon the schools division superintendent.

Q: Who is the one vested by law with the power to approve the
establishment of public and private elementary and high schools and
learning centers?
A: The regional director.

14.3 Q: What shall a division consist of?

A: A division shall consist of province or a city which shall have a schools division
superintendent, at least one assistant schools division superintendent and an office staff
for programs promotion, planning, administrative, fiscal, legal, ancillary and other
support services.

Q: What shall be the authority, accountability and responsibility of

schools division superintendent?
A: Consistent with the national educational policies plans and standards, the school
division superintendents shall have authority, accountability and responsibility for the
following:
1.

Developing and implementing division education development plans

2.

Planning and managing the effective and efficient use of all personnel, physical
and fiscal resources of the division, including professional staff development.

3. Hiring, placing and evaluating all division supervisors and schools district
supervisors as well as all employees in the division, both teaching and nonteaching personnel, including school heads, except for the assistant division
superintendent.
3. Monitoring the utilization of funds provided by the national government units to the
schools and learning centers.
3. Ensuring compliance of quality standards for basic education programs and for
this purpose strengthening the role of division supervisors as subject area
specialists.

6. Promoting awareness of and adherence by all schools and learning centers to

accreditation standards prescribed by the Secretary of Education.
6. Supervising the operations of all public and private elementary, secondary and
integrated schools and learning centers.
6. Performing such other functions as may be assigned by proper authorities.

Q: Who is the one vested with the authority to supervise the operation
of all public and private elementary, secondary and integrated schools
and learning centers.
A: The Schools Division Superintendent.

Q: Shall the Division Superintendent have the power to hire, place or

evaluate an assistant division superintendent?
A: No. Because, Sec 7C (3) of Ra 9155 expressly excludes from an authority of the
superintendent the power to hire an assistant division superintendent.

14.4 Q: How many additional schools districts be established within a

schools division?
A: Upon the recommendation of the schools division superintendents, the regional
director may establish additional schools districts within a schools division.

Q: What shall a schools district have?

A: A Schools District shall have a schools district supervisor and an office staff for
program promotion

Q: What shall be done about the schools districts already existing at

the time of the passage of RA 9155?
A: Schools District already existing at the time of the passage of RA 9155 shall be
maintained.

Q: What shall be the authority, accountability and responsibility of the Schools District
Supervisor?
A: The schools district supervisor shall be responsible for:
1.

Providing professional and instructional advice and support to the school heads
and teachers/facilitators of schools and community learning centers in the district
or cluster thereof.

2.

Curricula supervision.

3.

Undertaking advocacy work directed at encouraging local government units

(LGUs) and non-government organizations (NGOs) to implement ALS programs.

4.

Assisting in the identification of community-based NGOs which could be tapped

as service providers for the basic literacy, accreditation and equivalency programs
and other community development efforts.

5.

Supervising the organization of ALS programs in collaboration with LGUs, NGOs

and other government agencies and monitor implementation

6.

Monitoring the formulation of school improvement plans and consolidate funding

requirements of programs and projects to be presented to the Municipal School
Board

7.

Providing technical support to school heads in expenditures documentation and

liquidation of cash advances.

8.

Coordinating data gathering efforts of schools and community learning centers in

the district.

9.

Undertaking data verification in coordination with the division planning unit

10. Performing such other functions as may be assigned by proper authorities.