LIST OF MODALS Modals are helping (auxiliary) verbs that express a wide range of meanings (ability, describe conditions that affect the verb by relating the way the speaker feels about a situation. Most of the modals have more than one meaning. Modals are followed by the simple form of the verb except for have, have got, need and ought which are followed by the infinitive form. MODAL USAGE Be continuous action Be able to ability Can pe yl request/permission/opportunity/ability_ Could polite request/past ability/suggestion/conditional Do assertion [Don’t have to choice/no obligation/inevitability/lack of necessity Have got to necessity. [Have to Inecessity: She has to read four books for this class. Have to certainty: That has to have been him we saw. |Had better recommendation/desperate hope/warning May / may not request/permission/possibility/conclusion Might |suggestion/request/conditional/possibility/conclus ion. Must Inecessity/strong, recommendation/prohibition/certaint) Need to / need not lobligation/necessit Ought to / ought not [probability/assumption/expectation Shall future action/volunteering/promising, Should Jadvice/recommendation/assumption/expectation/ probability/po ity Will {future/volunteering/promising Would jimagination/past of will/repetition in the past. speculation Would rather [preference