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Compounds
The chemistry of Life
Carbon Atom
C carbon atomic structure makes it
the perfect compound for large
molecules
Carbon Bonds
Carbon forms covalent bonds with
Hydrogen and Oxygen really well to
make stable compounds
Organic Compounds
A compound made up of C, H, O that
makes up living things.
We are carbon based life forms.
These are the compounds compatible
with life.
Organic = Life
Functional Groups
A group of atoms attached to a large
molecule which changes the
characteristic of the
molecule
Hydroxyl OH- makes compounds polar
Carboxyl C=O-OH
Amino NH2
Phosphate P=OO(OH)2
Understanding Large
Molecules
10 1000s of atoms
Made up of repeated subunits called
monomers
A molecule made up of 2 or more
monomers is called a polymer
Reactions cont.
Hydrolysis when a polymer is
broken down, water must be added
back into the molecules
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Compound
Functio Structure
n
Examples
monosacchar Energy
ide
Disaccharide
Fructose
Energy
Polysaccharid Energy
e
Structur
es
Starch
Cellulose
Lipids
Compoun
d
Function
Saturated
Stored
Energy
Un
saturated
Structure
H H H H H H
H C C
C C C C H
H H H H H H
examples
triglycerid
es
Wax
Hormones
Proteins
Amino
Acids
Function
20 different
Structures
Enzymes
Structure
subunit
H
NH2 C
COOH
R
Polymer
Examples
Chains of
Amino Acids
Muscle, hair,
skin
2 200 in
length
Nucleic Acids
Compound
Function
Structure
subunit
Polymer
DNA
all
instructions
to make all
organisms
Nucleotide
Nitrogen
Base
PO3
RNA
Makes
proteins
Example
s
mRNA,
tRNA,
rRNA
Single helix
Enzymes
1. Protein Molecule
2. They assist chemical reactions
they are protein catalysts
What is a catalyst?
Any substance that lowers the
activation energy necessary to get a
reaction going!
2. Substrate
binds to
active site
3. Enzyme
changes
substrate and
produces new
substances
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