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Grammar Reference For 1º ESO PDF
Grammar Reference For 1º ESO PDF
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Contents
Cmo funciona este libro
Welcome
Unit 1
12
Unit 2
20
Unit 3
28
Unit 4
36
Unit 5
44
Unit 6
52
Unit 7
60
Unit 8
68
Unit 9
76
End-of-year self-assessment
85
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Material de referencia
El Companion ofrece explicaciones claras
que facilitan el aprendizaje autnomo.
Tambin incluye, al final de cada unidad,
una pgina de autoevaluacin que te
permitir evaluar tu progreso.
Grammar reference
Notas
Al final de cada seccin se incluye
suficiente espacio para que aadas tus
propias notas. Lelas con regularidad,
sobre todo antes de un examen.
My grammar notes
My extra vocabulary
My notes
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Repasar la gramtica
Repasar el vocabulario
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Welcome
Grammar reference
be: present simple
Afirmativa
Formas contractas
I am
Im
you are
youre
he is
hes
she is
shes
it is
its
we are
were
you are
youre
they are
theyre
Negativa
Formas contractas
I am not
Im not
you arent
he is not
he isnt
she is not
she isnt
it is not
it isnt
we are not
we arent
you arent
they arent
La negativa se forma colocando not detrs de am, are, is. Las formas contractas
(m not, isnt, arent) son ms frecuentes.
Interrogativa
Respuestas breves
Afirmativa
Negativa
Am I ?
Yes, I am.
No, Im not.
Are you ?
Is he ?
Yes, he is.
No, he isnt.
Is she ?
Is it ?
Yes, it is.
No, it isnt.
Are we ?
Yes, we are.
No, we arent.
Are you ?
Are they ?
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Usos
El verbo be se traduce por ser, estar y tener (con edades).
My friends are from Greece. Mis amigos son de Grecia.
Cambridge is in England. Cambridge est en Inglaterra.
Paul is fifteen years old. Paul tiene quince aos.
Ojo!
Con ciertas expresiones se utiliza be, y no have.
Im fourteen. (NO I have fourteen.)
Im thirsty. (NO I have thirsty.)
Im cold. (NO I have cold.)
Possessive s
Posesivo en s
Se aade s a sustantivos y nombres propios para expresar posesin.
Janes dad (NO the dad of Jane) el padre de Jane
my sisters friend (NO the friend of my sister) la amiga / el amigo de mi hermana
Con sustantivos en plural acabados en s, slo se aade el apstrofo ().
his friends class la clase de sus amigos
Con nombres de lugares y cosas se utiliza la preposicin of, y no la forma s.
The capital of Spain is Madrid. (NO Spains capital is Madrid.) La capital de Espaa
es Madrid.
the title of the book (NO the books title) el ttulo del libro
Welcome
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Demonstrative pronouns
Pronombres demostrativos
Singular
Plural
My grammar notes
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Words to learn
Translate the words.
Numbers 120
Colours
one
black
two
blue
three
brown
four
green
five
orange
six
pink
seven
purple
eight
red
nine
white
ten
yellow
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
Classroom objects
bag
book
chair
desk
notebook
pen
pencil
pencil case
rubber
ruler
Welcome
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Ordinal numbers
first
January
second
February
third
March
fourth
April
fifth
May
sixth
June
seventh
July
eighth
August
ninth
September
tenth
October
eleventh
November
twelfth
December
spring
summer
autumn
winter
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
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Canada / Canadian
oclock
China / Chinese
France / French
Japan / Japanese
Portugal / Portuguese
the UK / British
the USA / American
My extra vocabulary
Welcome
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Formas contractas
I have got
Ive got
youve got
he has got
hes got
shes got
it has got
its got
we have got
weve got
youve got
theyve got
Formas contractas
I havent got
he hasnt got
it hasnt got
we havent got
La negativa se forma colocando not detrs de have y has. Las formas contractas
(havent got, hasnt got) son ms frecuentes.
Jim hasnt got a brother. Jim no tiene un hermano.
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Interrogativa
Respuestas breves
Afirmativa
Negativa
Have I got ?
Yes, I have.
No, I havent.
Has he got ?
Yes, he has.
No, he hasnt.
Has it got ?
Yes, it has.
No, it hasnt.
Have we got ?
Yes, we have.
No, we havent.
Usos
Have got se utiliza para expresar posesin. Significa tener.
Ive got a computer. Tengo un ordenador.
I havent got a sister. No tengo una hermana.
Have you got a cat? Yes, I have. Tienes gato? S.
Have got se utiliza para describir el aspecto fsico de las personas.
Hes got green eyes. Tiene los ojos verdes.
She hasnt got short hair. No tiene el pelo corto.
Has he got blue eyes? No, he hasnt. Tiene los ojos azules? No.
Ojo!
En la forma interrogativa de have got no se utiliza Do /
Does.
Have you got a ruler? (NO Do you have got a ruler?)
Unit 1
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Adjetivo posesivo
my (mi, mis)
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
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Ojo!
Ten cuidado al utilizar its e its.
its = adjetivo posesivo
My cat is brown, but its eyes are green.
its = it is (es)
Whats this? Its a pencil.
My grammar notes
Unit 1
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mother
parents
sister
son
uncle
wife
Phrases
Can I borrow it, please?
Sorry.
Of course. Here you are.
My extra vocabulary
Unit 1
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Unida
1 Completa la ficha de autoevaluacin marcando () las casillas que mejor describan tu progreso.
1 Comp
!! Deb
**
Speaking
Pg. 14: 6
Speakin
Pg. 2
Reading
Pg. 15: 1
Readin
Pg. 2
Listening
Pg. 16: 6
Listenin
Pg. 2
Dialogue
Pg. 16: 4
Dialog
Pg. 2
Writing
Pg. 17: 5
Writing
Pg. 2
2 Comp
2 Completa la tabla.
Cosas que recuerdo:
Una pregunta til
Cosas
Una pr
Una ex
Preparar un examen
Escuchar msica
Palabras tiles
Palabra
Objetivos:
Algo en lo que necesito mejorar
Objeti
Algo e
Cmo
Estrate
Apun
cuader
Estrategia de aprendizaje:
Utilizas la wordlist o un diccionario para
consultar el significado de las palabras?
S /
S /
No
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My notes
Unit 1
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you play
he plays
she plays
it plays
we play
you play
they play
Usos
1 E xplicar cosas que suceden habitualmente y describir rutinas de todos los das,
todas las semanas, etc.
I listen to music every day. Escucho msica todos los das.
She goes to the cinema on Saturday. Va al cine el sbado.
2 Expresar verdades generales y definiciones.
La Feria de Abril is a Spanish festival. La Feria de Abril es una fiesta espaola.
Liverpool is a city in England. Liverpool es una ciudad de Inglaterra.
3 Indicar gustos, opiniones y sentimientos.
I like Brad Pitt. Me gusta Brad Pitt.
Dylan thinks English is difficult. Dylan cree que el ingls es difcil.
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Adverbs of frequency
Adverbios de frecuencia
0%
never
often usually
always 100%
can / cant
La forma can es la misma para todas las personas del verbo. La afirmativa se
forma colocando can delante del infinitivo del verbo principal.
I can, you can, he / she / it can, we can, you can, they can go.
I can speak English. S hablar ingls.
I can go to the park. Puedo ir al parque.
La negativa se forma colocando not detrs de can (cannot). Es la misma para
todas las personas del verbo. La forma contracta cant es ms frecuente.
I cant, you cant, he / she / it cant, we cant, you cant, they cant go.
I cant go to the cinema on Friday. No puedo ir al cine el viernes.
I cant play tennis. No s jugar al tenis.
La interrogativa se forma colocando can al principio de la frase, delante del
sujeto.
Can I, you, he / she / it, we, you, they go?
En las respuestas breves, el verbo principal se omite y se utilizan slo can /
cant para la afirmativa y negativa.
Can you play the guitar? Yes, I can. / No, I cant. Sabes tocar la guitarra?
S./ No.
Usos
1 Can expresa habilidad o capacidad para hacer algo. Se traduce por poder o
saber.
I can speak French. S hablar francs.
I can swim. S nadar.
I cant open the window. No puedo abrir la ventana.
2 Can sirve para pedir y dar permiso.
Can I go to the park? Yes, you can. Puedo ir al parque? S.
Unit 2
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My grammar notes
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Unit 2
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skiing
swimming
tennis
volleyball
water polo
windsurfing
Phrases
Im bored!
Lets go (to the cinema).
What time is it now?
Lets meet (at the cinema) at (six oclock).
See you there.
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My extra vocabulary
Unit 2
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**
Speaking
Pg. 20: 4
Reading
Pg. 21: 2
Listening
Pg. 26: 6
Dialogue
Pg. 26: 4
S hacer planes.
Writing
Pg. 27: 5
**
2 Completa la tabla.
Cosas que recuerdo:
Una pregunta til
Preparar un examen
Escuchar msica
Palabras tiles
VD
Objetivos:
Algo en lo que necesito mejorar
Estrategia de aprendizaje:
Apuntas todas las palabras nuevas en el
cuaderno de vocabulario?
S /
No
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My notes
Unit 2
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Formas contractas
I do not teach
I dont teach
he doesnt teach
she doesnt teach
it doesnt teach
we do not teach
you do not teach
they do not teach
we dont teach
you dont teach
they dont teach
Respuestas breves
Afirmativa
Negativa
Do I teach?
Yes, I do.
No, I dont.
Do you teach?
Does he teach?
Does she teach?
Does it teach?
Yes, he does.
Yes, she does.
Yes, it does.
No, he doesnt.
No, she doesnt.
No, it doesnt.
Do we teach?
Do you teach?
Do they teach?
Yes, we do.
Yes, you do.
Yes, they do.
No, we dont.
No, you dont.
No, they dont.
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Ojo!
El verbo principal no lleva s en la 3 persona del singular de
las formas negativa e interrogativa.
She doesnt live in London. (NO She doesnt lives in
London.)
Does he play basketball? (NO Does he plays basketball?)
Question words
Partculas interrogativas
Who Quin?
Who is your favourite singer? Quin es tu cantante preferido?
When Cundo? / A qu hora?
When is your birthday? Cundo es tu cumpleaos?
When do you go to bed? A qu hora te sueles acostar?
How often Con qu frecuencia?
How often do you play tennis? Con qu frecuencia juegas al tenis?
What Qu / Cul?
What programmes do you watch on TV? Qu programas ves en la tele?
Whats your favourite subject? Cul es tu asignatura preferida?
What sports do you like? Qu deportes te gustan?
How Cmo?
How are you? Fine, thanks. Cmo / Qu tal ests? Bien, gracias.
How do you spell science? Cmo se deletrea science?
Where Dnde?
Where is my dictionary? Dnde est mi diccionario?
Where do you live? Dnde vives?
Why Por qu?
Why do you like him? Because hes fun.
Por qu te gusta? Porque es divertido.
Which Qu / Cul?
Se utiliza cuando hay un nmero de personas o cosas limitado.
Which actor do you prefer, Brad Pitt or George Clooney? Qu actor prefieres,
Brad Pitt o George Clooney?
Which bus do you take to school? Qu autobs coges para ir al colegio?
Unit 3
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My grammar notes
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Unit 3
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history
ICT
interesting
maths
music
PE
science
technology
Phrases
I like
I dont like / I dislike
I love
I hate
Do you like (English)?
I think its (fun).
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My extra vocabulary
Unit 3
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Unidad
1 Completa la ficha de autoevaluacin marcando () las casillas que mejor describan tu progreso.
1 Comple
!! Debo
**
Speaking
Pg. 30: 4
Speaking
Pg. 50:
Reading
Pg. 35: 1
Reading
Pg. 51:
Listening
Pg. 36: 6
Listening
Pg. 52:
Dialogue
Pg. 36: 4
S expresar mi opinin.
Dialogue
Pg. 52:
Writing
Pg. 37: 5
Writing
Pg. 53:
2 Comple
2 Completa la tabla.
Cosas que recuerdo:
Una pregunta til
Cosas q
Una pre
Preparar un examen
Una exp
Escuchar msica
Palabras tiles
Palabras
Objetiv
Algo en
Cmo
Otras actividades:
Estrategia de aprendizaje:
Personalizas el vocabulario nuevo y lo utilizas
para hablar sobre tu vida?
S /
Estrateg
Ests cr
S /
No
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My notes
Unit 3
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Formas contractas
I am playing
Im playing
youre playing
he is playing
she is playing
it is playing
hes playing
shes playing
its playing
we are playing
you are playing
they are playing
were playing
youre playing
theyre playing
Formas contractas
I am not playing
Im not playing
he is not playing
she is not playing
it is not playing
he isnt playing
she isnt playing
it isnt playing
we arent playing
you arent playing
they arent playing
La negativa se forma colocando not detrs del verbo be. Las formas contractas
son ms frecuentes.
It isnt raining. No est lloviendo.
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Interrogativa
Respuestas breves
Afirmativa
Negativa
Am I playing?
Yes, I am.
No, Im not.
Is he playing?
Is she playing?
Is it playing?
Yes, he is.
Yes, she is.
Yes, it is.
No, he isnt.
No, she isnt.
No, it isnt.
Are we playing?
Are you playing?
Are they playing?
Yes, we are.
Yes, you are.
Yes, they are.
No, we arent.
No, you arent.
No, they arent.
Usos
El present continuous se utiliza para describir acciones que estn sucediendo
mientras se habla. A menudo va acompaado de expresiones como now
(ahora), at the moment (en este momento) y today (hoy).
Were having a lot of fun today. Hoy nos estamos divirtiendo mucho.
Im doing my homework at the moment. En este momento estoy haciendo
los deberes.
Unit 4
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Ojo!
Los verbos que expresan sentimientos y procesos mentales
no se suelen utilizar en la forma continua. Son verbos como
understand (entender), think (pensar), know (saber), like
(gustar), love (amar), hate (odiar) y want (querer).
I like Shakira. (NO Im liking Shakira.)
I dont know. (NO Im not knowing.)
What do you want? (NO What are you wanting?)
Prepositions of place
Las preposiciones de lugar se utilizan para expresar dnde se encuentra una
persona o cosa.
behind = detrs (de)
in = en (dentro de)
in front of = delante de
next to = al lado de
under = debajo de
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My grammar notes
Unit 4
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shirt
shoes
shorts
skirt
socks
trainers
trousers
Phrases
Whats the weather like?
Can I help you?
How much is this (umbrella)?
Id like this (umbrella), please.
Here you are.
Heres your change.
My extra vocabulary
Unit 4
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! Puedo mejorar.
**
Speaking
Pg. 50: 5
Reading
Pg. 51: 3
Listening
Pg. 52: 5
Dialogue
Pg. 52: 4
Writing
Pg. 53: 5
**
2 Completa la tabla.
Cosas que recuerdo:
Una pregunta til
Preparar un examen
Escuchar msica
Palabras tiles
Objetivos:
Algo en lo que necesito mejorar
Estrategia de aprendizaje:
Ests creando un diccionario ilustrado?
S /
No
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My notes
Unit 4
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Unit 5 At home
Grammar reference
theres / there are
Afirmativa
Negativa y respuestas
breves
Interrogativa
Singular
there is
Contraccin:
theres
there is not
Contraccin: there isnt
Is there ?
Yes, there is. /
No, there isnt.
Plural
there are
En castellano, una sola palabra (hay) expresa tanto el singular como el plural
del verbo haber; en ingls, por el contrario, hay una forma para el singular
(there is, theres) y otra para el plural (there are).
En afirmativa y negativa se suelen utilizar las formas contractas (theres,
there isnt, there arent).
Tambin se utilizan las formas contractas (there isnt, there arent) en las
respuestas breves negativas.
Is there a computer in the classroom? No, there isnt. Hay un ordenador
en esta clase? No.
Theres, There isnt, Is there se utilizan con sustantivos en singular.
Theres a pen on the table. Hay un boli encima de
la mesa.
There isnt a car in the garage. No hay ningn coche en el garaje.
Is there a garden in your house? Hay un jardn en tu casa?
There are, There arent, Are there se utilizan con sustantivos en plural.
There are two armchairs in the living room. Hay dos sillones en el saln.
There arent any chairs in the bedroom. No hay ninguna silla en el dormitorio.
Are there any books on the shelf? Hay algn libro en la estantera?
Ojo!
En las formas negativa e interrogativa se utiliza any con los
sustantivos que estn en plural.
There arent any CDs in my bag.
Are there any flowers in the garden?
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Imperative
Imperativo
La afirmativa se forma con el infinitivo del verbo sin to. No lleva
sujeto y tiene una nica forma para el singular y para el plural (t,
vosotros/as, usted, ustedes). Expresa una orden.
Stand up. Levntate. / Levantaos. / Levntese. / Levntense.
Open the door. Abre la puerta. / Abrid la puerta. / Abra la puerta. /
Abran la puerta.
La negativa se forma colocando Dont delante del verbo. Expresa
prohibicin.
Dont use your mobile phone in class! No usis vuestro telfono mvil
en clase!
Dont drink my water! No te bebas mi agua!
En el imperativo, el verbo be tambin utiliza Dont.
Dont be late! No lleguis tarde!
Usos
El imperativo se utiliza para dar rdenes e instrucciones.
Se puede aadir la palabra please (por favor) para suavizar la orden.
Sit down, please. Sintate, por favor.
Please repeat after me. Por favor, repetid conmigo.
Cuando se quiere pedir algo con educacin no se debe utilizar el
imperativo. La frmula adecuada es Can you ?
Can you open the door, please? (NO Open the door!) Puedes abrir la
puerta, por favor?
Unit 5
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My grammar notes
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Unit 5
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mirror
shelf
sink
sofa
stool
wardrobe
Phrases
Its (Paul).
Can I speak to (Jason), please?
Im sorry.
Can (he) call you back in ten minutes?
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My extra vocabulary
Unit 5
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Unida
1 Completa la ficha de autoevaluacin marcando () las casillas que mejor describan tu progreso.
1 Comp
!! Deb
**
Speaking
Pg. 60: 3
Speakin
Pg. 70
Reading
Pg. 57: 2
Reading
Pg. 71
Listening
Pg. 62: 5
Listenin
Pg. 72
Dialogue
Pg. 62: 4
Dialogu
Pg. 72
Writing
Pg. 63: 5
Writing
Pg. 73
2 Comp
2 Completa la tabla.
Cosas que recuerdo:
Una pregunta til
Cosas q
Una pre
Una ex
Preparar un examen
Escuchar msica
Palabras tiles
Palabra
Objetiv
Algo en
Cmo
Otras actividades:
Estrate
Utiliza
palabra
Estrategia de aprendizaje:
Utilizas la lista de verbos irregulares?
S /
No
S /
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My notes
Unit 5
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Ojo!
En las frases interrogativas se suele utilizar any, pero
cuando se ofrece o se pide algo, tambin se puede utilizar
some.
Do you want some biscuits? Queris galletas?
Would you like some orange juice? Le apetece un zumo
de naranja?
Can I have some milk, please? Quisiera un poco de leche,
por favor.
Unit 6
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Indefinite pronouns
Pronombres indefinidos
someone y anyone
Los pronombres indefinidos someone y anyone se utilizan para referirse a
las personas.
En las frases afirmativas se utiliza someone, que significa alguien.
Theres someone in the living room. Hay alguien en el saln.
En las frases interrogativas se utiliza anyone. Tambin significa alguien.
Is there anyone in the classroom? Hay alguien en la clase?
En las frases negativas anyone se traduce por nadie.
There isnt anyone in the restaurant. No hay nadie en el restaurante.
something y anything
Los pronombres indefinidos something y anything se utilizan para referirse
a las cosas.
En las frases afirmativas se utiliza something, que significa algo.
I want something to eat. Quiero comer algo.
En las frases interrogativas se utiliza anything. Tambin significa algo.
Is there anything to do? Hay algo que hacer?
En las frases negativas anything se traduce por nada.
Beatriz hasnt got anything to drink. Beatriz no tiene nada para beber.
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My grammar notes
Unit 6
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hamburgers
ice cream
pasta
peas
potatoes
rice
roast beef
sandwiches
strawberries
Phrases
What do you have (for breakfast)?
Whats for breakfast?
Can I take your order?
Id like (a chicken sandwich), please.
And to drink?
Anything else?
My extra vocabulary
Unit 6
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**
Speaking
Pg. 70: 3
Reading
Pg. 71: 3
Listening
Pg. 72: 5
Dialogue
Pg. 72: 4
Writing
Pg. 73: 5
**
2 Completa la tabla.
Cosas que recuerdo:
Una pregunta til
Preparar un examen
Escuchar msica
Palabras tiles
VD
Objetivos:
Algo en lo que necesito mejorar
Estrategia de aprendizaje:
Utilizas un diccionario bilinge para buscar
palabras nuevas?
S /
No
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My notes
Unit 6
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she was
it was
we were
you were
they were
Was se utiliza con la 1 (I) y la 3 (he / she / it) persona del singular,
y were con las dems personas del verbo (you / we / they).
I was at the cinema. Estaba en el cine.
The exam was easy. El examen fue fcil.
We were at a concert last night. Anoche estuvimos en un concierto.
Negativa
Formas contractas
I was not
I wasnt
you werent
he was not
he wasnt
she wasnt
it was not
it wasnt
we were not
we werent
you werent
they werent
Para formar la negativa se coloca not detrs de was, were. Las formas
contractas (wasnt, werent) son ms frecuentes.
The exam wasnt difficult. El examen no fue difcil.
They werent at the shopping centre yesterday. Ayer no estaban en el
centro comercial.
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Interrogativa
Respuestas breves
Afirmativa
Negativa
Was I ?
Yes, I was.
No, I wasnt.
Were you ?
Was he ?
Yes, he was.
No, he wasnt.
Was she ?
Was it ?
Yes, it was.
No, it wasnt.
Were we ?
Yes, we were.
No, we werent.
Were you ?
Were they ?
Unit 7
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Negativa
Interrogativa y
respuestas breves
Singular
There was
Was there ?
Yes, there was. /
No, there wasnt.
Plural
There were
Were there ?
Yes, there were. /
No, there werent.
There was y there were (haba / hubo) siguen las mismas reglas ortogrficas
que there is / theres y there are.
En las frases negativas se suelen utilizar las formas contractas (there wasnt,
there werent).
En la forma negativa de las respuestas breves tambin se suelen usar las
formas contractas (there wasnt, there werent).
Was there a concert yesterday? No, there wasnt. Ayer hubo un concierto?
No.
There was, There wasnt y Was there se utilizan con sustantivos en singular.
There was some milk in the fridge. Haba un poco de leche en el frigorfico.
There wasnt a teacher in the classroom. No haba ningun profesor en clase.
Was there any cheese on the table? Haba queso encima de la mesa?
There were, There werent y Were there se utilizan con sustantivos en plural.
There were some books on the desk. Haba algunos libros encima del escritorio.
There werent any children at the museum. No haba ningn nio en el museo.
Were there any apples in your bag? Haba alguna manzana en tu bolsa?
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My grammar notes
Unit 7
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police station
post office
sports centre
supermarket
swimming pool
Phrases
Excuse me.
Is there (a chemists) near here?
How do I get there?
Go straight on.
Turn (right / left).
Its opposite (the hospital).
My extra vocabulary
Unit 7
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SUnid
1 Completa la ficha de autoevaluacin marcando () las casillas que mejor describan tu progreso.
1 Comp
! Puedo mejorar.
* Estoy satisfecho.
!! Deb
**
Speaking
Pg. 82: 3
Speaki
Pg. 9
Reading
Pg. 87: 2
Readin
Pg. 9
Listening
Pg. 88: 5
Listenin
Pg. 9
Dialogue
Pg. 88: 4
S dar indicaciones.
Dialog
Pg. 9
Writing
Pg. 89: 5
Writing
Pg. 9
2 Comp
2 Completa la tabla.
Cosas que recuerdo:
Una pregunta til
Cosas
Una pr
Una ex
Preparar un examen
Escuchar msica
Palabras tiles
Palabra
Objeti
Algo e
Cmo
Otras actividades:
Estrat
Utiliza
inform
Estrategia de aprendizaje:
Hablas en ingls en clase?
S /
No
S /
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My notes
Unit 7
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La forma del pasado de los verbos regulares es la misma para todas las
personas del verbo.
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Usos
Utilizamos el past simple para hablar de acciones que tuvieron lugar en un
momento determinado del pasado, por ejemplo, anoche (last night), ayer
(yesterday), el ao pasado (last year), etc.
I played basketball last Sunday. El domingo pasado jugu al baloncesto.
We went to Madrid last summer. El verano pasado fuimos a Madrid.
Adverbs of manner
Adverbios de modo
Indican cmo se desarrolla una accin. Los adverbios regulares se forman
aadiendo -ly a los adjetivos. Los adjetivos terminados en -y cambian a -ily.
slow (lento / a) / slowly (lentamente)
happy (feliz, alegre) / happily (felizmente, alegremente)
Hay adverbios irregulares que hay que aprender de memoria.
good (bueno / a) / well (bien)
fast (rpido / a) fast (rpidamente)
straight (recto / a, directo) / straight (en lnea recta, directamente)
Unit 8
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My grammar notes
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Unit 8
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Musical instruments
cello
clarinet
cymbals
drums
flute
guitar
harp
saxophone
tambourine
triangle
trombone
trumpet
violin
xylophone
Phrases
Lets buy a present for (her).
Why dont we get (Kasabians new CD)?
Shall we get (Coldplays new CD)?
Thats a great idea!
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My extra vocabulary
Unit 8
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! Puedo mejorar.
**
Speaking
Pg. 92: 4
Reading
Pg. 93: 1
Listening
Pg. 98: 6
Dialogue
Pg. 98: 4
S hacer sugerencias.
Writing
Pg. 99: 5
**
2 Completa la tabla.
Cosas que recuerdo:
Una pregunta til
Preparar un examen
Escuchar msica
Palabras tiles
VD
Objetivos:
Algo en lo que necesito mejorar
Estrategia de aprendizaje:
Utilizas el diccionario para buscar
informacin gramatical sobre las palabras?
S /
No
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My notes
Unit 8
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Formas contractas
I am going to eat
Im going to eat
he is going to eat
she is going to eat
it is going to eat
El futuro con going to se forma con el present simple del auxiliar be con
going to y el infinitivo sin to del verbo principal. Significa ir a hacer algo.
Im going to travel with my friends this summer. Este verano voy a viajar
con mis amigos.
Negativa
Formas contractas
La negativa se forma colocando not detrs del auxiliar be. Las formas
contractas son ms frecuentes.
We arent going to sleep in a tent. No vamos a dormir en una tienda de
campaa.
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Interrogativa
Respuestas breves
Afirmativa
Negativa
Am I going to eat?
Yes, I am.
No, Im not.
Is he going to eat?
Yes, he is.
No, he isnt.
Is it going to eat?
Yes, it is.
No, it isnt.
Yes, we are.
No, we arent.
Usos
Going to se utiliza para hablar de planes y de cosas que hemos decidido hacer.
Next summer were going to visit Paris. El prximo verano vamos a visitar Pars.
Im not going to see a film this evening. Esta noche no voy a ver una pelcula.
Are you going to play basketball on Sunday? Vas a jugar al baloncesto el domingo?
Unit 9
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must / mustnt
La forma must es la misma para todas las personas del verbo.
I must, you must, he / she / it must, we must, you must, they must
Must y mustnt se utilizan con el infinitivo sin to del verbo principal.
We must turn left. (NO We must to turn left.) Tenemos que girar a la
izquierda.
La negativa se forma colocando not detrs de must. La forma contracta
(mustnt) es ms frecuente. Las formas must not y mustnt son las mismas
para todas las personas del verbo.
You mustnt talk loudly in hospitals. No debes hablar alto en los hospitales.
Usos
1 M
ust expresa la obligacin o la necesidad de hacer algo. Mustnt expresa
prohibicin.
You must be quiet in the library. Debes guardar silencio en la biblioteca.
We mustnt use our phones in class. No debemos usar nuestros telfonos
en clase.
2 Must y mustnt se pueden utilizar para dar un consejo o hacer una
recomendacin seria.
Its a fantastic film! You must see it! Es un libro fantstico! Debes
leerlo!
You mustnt smoke. Its bad for you. No debes fumar. Es muy malo para
la salud.
3 Must tambin se utiliza para expresar que nos sentimos obligados a
hacer una cosa.
I must go home now. Its very late. Debo irme a casa. Es muy tarde.
I must do my homework before dinner. Tengo que hacer los deberes
antes de cenar.
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My grammar notes
Unit 9
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Mediterranean Sea
North America
Oceania
Pacific Ocean
South America
Phrases
What are you going to do (this weekend)?
Do you want to come with (me / us)?
Sorry, I cant.
That sounds like fun!
Id love to!
My extra vocabulary
Unit 9
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Speaking
Pg. 105: 5
Reading
Pg. 107: 1
Listening
Pg. 108: 5
Dialogue
Pg. 108: 4
Writing
Pg. 109: 4
**
2 Completa la tabla.
Cosas que recuerdo:
Una pregunta til
Preparar un examen
Escuchar msica
Palabras tiles
Objetivos:
Algo en lo que necesito mejorar
Estrategia de aprendizaje:
Utilizas materiales de referencia en ingls para
adquirir informacin y vocabulario?
S /
No
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My notes
Unit 9
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End-of-year self-assessment
Valora tu nivel en cada destreza. Lee las descripciones de los niveles A1 y A2 y
marca con un o una las que correspondan.
A1
A2
Listening
Reading
Conversation
Speaking
Writing
A1
A2
Listening
Reading
Conversation
(Interaccin
oral)
Speaking
(Produccin
oral)
Writing
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Irregular Verbs
Base form
Past simple
Past participle
be
/bi:, bI/
was
were
become
/bI"kVm/
became
/bI"keIm/
begin
/bI"gIn/
began
break
/breIk/
bring
Translation
/bi:n/
ser / estar
become
/bI"kVm/
llegar a ser
/bI"g&n/
begun
/bI"gVn/
empezar
broke
/br@Uk/
broken
/br@Uk@n/
romper
/brIN/
brought
/brO:t/
brought
/brO:t/
traer
build
/bIld/
built
/bIlt/
built
/bIlt/
construir
buy
/baI/
bought
/bO:t/
bought
/bO:t/
comprar
can
/k&n/
could
/kUd/
come
/kVm/
came
/keIm/
come
/kVm/
venir
cost
/kQst/
cost
/kQst/
cost
/kQst/
costar
do
/du:/
did
/dId/
done
/dVn/
hacer
draw
/drO:/
drew
/dru:/
drawn
/drO:n/
dibujar
drink
/drINk/
drank
/dr&Nk/
drunk
/drVNk/
beber
drive
/draIv/
drove
/dr@Uv/
driven
/drIvn/
conducir
fall
/fO:l/
fell
/fel/
fallen
/fO:l@n/
caer
feel
/fi:l/
felt
/felt/
felt
/felt/
sentir
fight
/faIt/
fought
/fO:t/
fought
/fO:t/
pelear
find
/faInd/
found
/faUnd/
found
/faUnd/
encontrar
fly
/flaI/
flew
/flu:/
flown
/fl@Un/
volar
forget
/f@"get/
forgot
/f@"gQt/
forgotten
/f@"gQtn/
olvidar
get
/get/
got
/gQt/
got
/gQt/
conseguir
get up
/%get "Vp/
got up
/%gQt "Vp/
got up
/%gQt "Vp/
levantarse
give
/gIv/
gave
/geIv/
given
/gIvn/
dar
go
/g@U/
went
/went/
gone
/gQn/
ir
have
/h&v/
had
/h&d/
had
/h&d/
tener
hear
/hI@(r)/
heard
/h3:d/
heard
/h3:d/
or
hit
/hIt/
hit
/hIt/
hit
/hIt/
golpear
poder
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Base form
Past simple
Past participle
Translation
know
/n@U/
knew
/nju:/
known
/n@Un/
saber
leave
/li:v/
left
/left/
left
/left/
irse
let
/let/
let
/let/
let
/let/
dejar,
consentir
make
/meIk/
made
/meId/
made
/meId/
hacer
meet
/mi:t/
met
/met/
met
/met/
encontrar
must
/mVst/
had to
/"h&d tu:/
had to
/"h&d tu:/
tener que
read
/ri:d/
read
/red/
read
/red/
leer
ride
/raId/
rode
/r@Ud/
ridden
/rIdn/
montar (a
caballo, en
bicicleta)
run
/rVn/
ran
/r&n/
run
/rVn/
correr
sing
/sIN/
sang
/s&N/
sung
/sVN/
cantar
sink
/sINk/
sank
/s&Nk/
sunk
/sVNk/
hundirse
sleep
/sli:p/
slept
/slept/
slept
/slept/
dormir
speak
/spi:k/
spoke
/sp@Uk/
spoken
/sp@Uk@n/
hablar
spend
/spend/
spent
/spent/
spent
/spent/
gastar
swim
/swIm/
swam
/sw&m/
swum
/swVm/
nadar
take
/teIk/
took
/tUk/
taken
/teIk@n/
coger
tell
/tel/
told
/t@Uld/
told
/t@Uld/
decir
think
/TINk/
thought
/TO:t/
thought
/TO:t/
pensar
wear
/we@(r)/
wore
/wO:(r)/
worn
/wO:n/
llevar puesto
write
/raIt/
wrote
/r@Ut/
written
/rItn/
escribir
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1
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, ox2 6dp, United Kingdom
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade
mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries
Oxford University Press 2011
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