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xls
(5/07)
This Excel file combines arc flash equations from a proposal to NFPA 70E-2003 with simplified equations to calculate
available fault current. This tool uses methods that have been shown to result in conservative estimates of fault current,
which should result in conservative estimates of arc incident energy if appropriate arc fault clearing times are used.
An IEEE 1584 equation is used to calculate arcing fault current. That is the fault current value that is used to determine
the clearing time of the overcurrent protective device ahead of the potential arc fault location. Electrical engineering
should be consulted to obtain information on fault clearing times.
This spreadsheet is not intended to replace existing up to date fault studies or support of experienced electrical
engineers, but is one tool that can assist engineers, planners, and electrical safety POCs in performing a flash hazard
analysis. Arc flash calculation is not an exact science and caution is always necessary, including use of multiple
alternate methods that are available to verify results and ensure the highest level of safety based on the best information
available.
According to the NFPA 70E Technical Committee on Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces, This
proposal presents the best information available to date on arc fault hazards. Public review and comments are strongly
encouraged. Recent testing has enabled development of improved equations for calculating the arc flash incident
energy at the arc flash boundary. While the testing and development of methods is not complete this proposal contains
methods that reflect significantly more laboratory data than the existing methods and will allow improved safety.
This calculator is for use only with systems operating at less than 1000 volts. If any doubts exist on use of this
spreadsheet, or to perform a flash hazard analysis on systems operating at more than 1000 volts, consult with an
electrical engineer or other knowledgeable person.
1.0/sp00e230.xls
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1.0/sp00e230.xls
(5/07)
Transformer
Input:
Xfmr KVA:
Xfmr Secondary Line to Line Volts:
Xfmr impedance %:
Fault Clearing Time (seconds):
Xfmr FLA =
Xfmr 3-Ph ISC (Amps)=
@
Feeder
18
18
18
0.00
0
1.0/sp00e230.xls
(5/07)
1.0/sp00e230.xls
Copper Conductors
Conduit
Steel
Nonmagnetic
389
389
617
617
981
981
1557
1558
2425
2430
3806
3825
4760
4802
5906
6044
7292
7493
8924
9317
10755
11423
12843
13923
15082
16673
16483
18593
18176
20867
19703
22736
20565
24296
22185
26706
22965
28033
24136
28303
25278
31490
244828
280499
Three-conductor cable,
AWG or
kcmil
14
12
10
8
6
4
3
2
1
1/0
2/0
3/0
4/0
250
300
350
400
500
600
750
1000
Aluminum Conductors
Conduit
Steel
Nonmagnetic
236
236
375
375
598
598
951
951
1480
1481
2345
2350
2948
2958
3713
3729
4645
4678
5777
5838
7186
7301
8826
9110
10740
11174
12122
12862
13909
14922
15484
16812
16670
18505
18755
21390
20093
23451
21766
25976
23477
28778
192096
213475
AWG or
kcmil
14
12
10
8
6
4
3
2
1
1/0
2/0
3/0
4/0
250
300
350
400
500
600
750
1000
(5/07)
1.0/sp00e230.xls
AWG or
kcmil
14
12
10
8
6
4
3
2
1
1/0
2/0
3/0
4/0
250
300
350
400
500
600
750
1000
Aluminum Conductors
Conduit
Steel
Nonmagnetic
236
236
375
375
598
598
951
951
1481
1482
2351
2353
2948
2958
3733
3739
4686
4699
5852
5875
7327
7372
9077
9242
11184
11408
12796
13236
14916
15494
15413
17635
18461
19587
21394
22987
23633
25750
26431
29036
29864
32938
213707
227951
(5/07)
Xfmr FLA =
where:
EL-L = phase-to-phase voltage
Z = transformer nameplate impedance, in percent
L = length of conductor to the fault
IL-L-L = available 3-phase short circuit current at beginning of circuit
C = constant from "C" Values sheet (multiply by number of conductors per phase for parallel runs)
"f" factor = calculated variable from source document formula
M = calculated variable from source document formula
1.0/sp00e230.xls
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1.0/sp00e230.xls
(5/07)
References:
The Other Electrical Hazard: Electrical Arc Blast Burns, R. Lee, IEEE Trans. Industrial Applications, Vol 1A-18. No. 3, Pa
246, May/June 1982.
The Use of Low Voltage Current Limiting Fuses to Reduce Arc Flash Energy, T. Neal, V. Saporita, T. Macalady, R. Dough
Borgwald, Record of Conference Papers IEEE PCIC-99-36.
Predicting Incident Energy to Better Manage the Electric Arc Hazard on 600 V Power Distribution Systems, R. L. Dought
Testing Update on Protective Clothing & Equipment For Electric Arc Exposure, R. Doughty, T. Neal, T. Dear, A. Bingham,
of Conference Papers IEEE PCIC-97-35.
Testing Update on Protective Clothing & Equipment For Electric Arc Exposure, R. Doughty, T. Neal, T. Dear, A. Bingham,
of Conference Papers IEEE PCIC-97-35.
IEEE Std. 1584TM-2002, IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations, IEEE Industry Applications Society
Proposal 70E-157a - (Annex XXX), Log #CP8, submitted and accepted by the Technical Committee on Electrical Safety
Requirements for Employee Workplaces
TC substantiation statement: This proposal presents the best information available to date on arc fault hazards. Public re
and comments are strongly encouraged. Recent testing has enabled development of improved equations for calculating t
flash incident energy at the arc flash boundary. While the testing and development of methods is not complete this propo
contains methods that reflect significantly more laboratory data than the existing methods and will allow improved safety.
Equations:
B-2 Basic Equations for Calculating Incident Energy and Flash Protection Boundary Distances of Equipment.
The following equations can be used to predict the incident energy and flash protection boundary distances prod
by a three-phase arc and the flash protection boundary distance for that arc, based on the voltage range. The
parameters required to make the calculation are:
(a) The maximum bolted fault three-phase short circuit current available at the equipment,
(b) The total protective device clearing time (upstream of the prospective arc location) at the arcing current,
(c) The distance of the worker from the arc for the task to be performed.
Voltage Range:
Vo < 1000 Volts
Calculation:
Equation:
*Ia
Ei
Ei = 416 Ia t D
Db
Db = (416 Ia t / 1.2)0.625
1.6
where:
Vo is the open circuit voltage of the system,
Ia is the arcing current in kA,
Ib is the bolted fault current (from 0.6 to 106 kA),
Ei is the incident energy in cal/cm ,
D is the distance of the worker from the arc in inches (18 inches or more),
2
1.0/sp00e230.xls
is the log10
K
Ibf
(5/07)
1.0/sp00e230.xls
(5/07)
n Systems, R. L. Doughty, T. E.
eal, T. Dear, A. Bingham, Record
ry Applications Society
tances of Equipment.
ent,
the arcing current,
is the log10
is arcing current (kA)
is 0.097 for box congurations
is bolted fault current for three-phase faults (symmetrical RMS) (kA)
is system voltage (kV)
is the gap between conductors, (calculator uses 25mm = 1 inch)
1.0/sp00e230.xls
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are commercially
type, since a majority
d other enclosures.
1.0/sp00e230.xls
(5/07)
3-Phase Bolted
Fault Current (kA)
50
48
46
44
42
40
38
36
34
Clearing
Calculated Flash
Time
Protection Boundary (inches)
(sec)
Arc in a Box
0.05
52
6.63
0.10
81
13.26
0.20
125
26.52
0.05
51
6.44
0.10
79
12.89
0.20
122
25.77
0.05
50
6.25
0.10
78
12.50
0.20
120
25.00
0.05
49
6.05
0.10
76
12.10
0.20
118
24.20
0.05
48
5.84
0.10
75
11.69
0.20
115
23.37
0.05
47
5.63
0.10
73
11.26
0.20
113
22.52
0.05
46
5.41
0.10
71
10.82
0.20
110
21.64
0.05
45
5.18
0.10
69
10.37
0.20
107
20.74
0.05
44
4.95
0.10
67
9.90
0.20
104
19.81
0.05
42
4.71
32
1.0/sp00e230.xls
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32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
1.0/sp00e230.xls
0.10
65
9.43
0.20
101
18.85
0.05
41
4.47
0.10
63
8.94
0.20
97
17.87
0.05
39
4.22
0.10
61
8.43
0.20
94
16.86
0.05
38
3.96
0.10
59
7.91
0.20
90
15.83
0.05
36
3.69
0.10
56
7.38
0.20
86
14.77
0.05
35
3.42
0.10
53
6.84
0.20
82
13.68
0.05
33
3.14
0.10
51
6.28
0.20
78
12.57
0.05
31
2.86
0.10
48
5.71
0.20
74
11.43
0.05
29
2.57
0.10
45
5.13
0.20
69
10.26
0.05
27
2.27
0.10
41
4.54
0.20
64
9.07
0.05
24
1.96
0.10
38
3.93
0.20
58
7.85
(5/07)
10
1.0/sp00e230.xls
0.05
22
1.65
0.10
34
3.30
0.20
52
6.61
0.05
19
1.33
0.10
30
2.67
0.20
46
5.34
0.05
16
1.01
0.10
25
2.02
0.20
38
4.04
0.05
13
0.68
0.10
19
1.36
0.20
30
2.72
(5/07)