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CIA CP Curs 3
CIA CP Curs 3
CIA CP Curs 3
IO
VO
IO
VO
Parametri:
Curentul de iesire IO [A]
Rezistenta de iesire []
RO =
dVO
dI O V
CC , T = ct .
dI O
dT R ,V = ct .
L CC
PSRR =
dI O
dVCC
RL , T = ct .
SVO =
CC
dI O / I O
dVCC / VCC
R L , T = ct .
V
dI O
= CC
I O dVCC
RL , T = ct .
IO
RO = (dIO/dVO)-1
IO
VO
VOmin
Clasificare
I. Surse de curent elementare
- complexitate redusa
- performante modeste
II. Surse de curent cascod
- rezistenta de iesire mare
- tensiune minima de iesire mare
- tensiune minima de alimentare mare
III. Surse de curent cu autopolarizare
- dependenta redusa IO (VCC)
- necesita circuit de pornire
IV. Surse de curent compensate cu temperatura
- dependenta redusa de temperatura
- complexitare ridicata
VO
RO
IO
Q
V
IO =
V V BE
R
RO = ro 1 +
r + R
VO
RO
IO
Q
V
V = VGS + I O R
K
I O = (VGS VT )2
2
KR
(VGS VT )2
2
VGS (> VT ) I O
V = VGS +
RO = rds (1 + g m R )
VO min = V VGS + (VGS VT ) = V VT
VO
RO
IO
I
Q2
Q1
Curent de iesire
I=
VCC VBE
I S 1 exp BE 1
R
Vth
V
I O I S 2 exp BE 2
Vth
V BE 1 = V BE 2
IO I S 2
V VBE I S 2
I O CC
I
I S1
R
IS1
Rezistenta de iesire
RO = ro =
VA VA
=
IC 2 IO
I=
= I S 1 exp
R
VA
Vth
V
V
I O = I S 2 exp BE 2 1 + CE 2
VA
Vth
IO I S 2
=
I
I S1
VCE 1
V
1 + BE 1
I
VA
VA
= S2
V
V
IS1
1 + CE 2
1+ O
VA
VA
1+
Influenta
IO
I B
=
=
I
I B + 2 I B + 2
VCC
Rezistenta de iesire
R
I
VO
Q3
Q1
IO
Q2
RO
VA VA
RO = ro =
=
IC 2 IO
Tensiune minima de iesire
I B
1
1
=
2IB
2
1+ 2
I B +
+1
+
Curent de iesire
VCC 2V BE
IO I =
R
VCC
R
I
Q3
VO
IO
Q1
Q2
( + 2)
IB
IO
1
+1
1
=
=
+
2
2
I
IB 1 + 2
I B +
+1
+ 2
VCC
R
I
Q3
Q1
IO
Q2
IO
IO
Q2
Q2
VO
RO
IO
I
Q2
Q1
Curentul de iesire
V DD = I O R + VGS 1
IO =
K
(VGS 1 VT ) 2
2
V DD =
KR
(VGS 1 VT ) 2 + VGS 1
2
(VGS 1 )1, 2
= VT
1
1
1 + 2 KR(V DD VT )
KR KR
IO =
1
KR
1
1
1 + 2 KR (V DD VT )
+
KR KR
[1 + KR(V DD VT )
1 + 2 KR (V DD VT )
Rezistenta de iesire
1
RO = rds 2 =
I O
Tensiunea minima de iesire
2IO
K
VO
RO
R1
IO
I
Q2
Q1
R2
VCC VBE
I=
R1
I
I
Vth ln Vth ln O
VBE 2
V
IS
IS
=
I O = BE 1
R2
R2
Vth I Vth VCC VBE
=
IO =
ln
ln
R2 I O R2 R1 I O
VA
R2
R2
=
1 +
RO = ro 1 +
r 2 + R2 + (1 / g m 1 ) // R1 I O
r 2 + R2 + (1 / g m 1 ) // R1
PSRR
dI O
d
=
dVCC dVCC
dI O
V
R1 I O
= th
dVCC R2 VCC V BE
dI O
dVCC
Vth VCC V BE
ln
R2 R1 I O
R1 I O (VCC V BE )R1
( R1 I O )2
dI O
dVCC
Vth
1
R V V BE
= 2 CC
V
1 + th
R2 I O
VCC dI O
=
=
I O dVCC
1
1
=
R2 I O
V VBE
1+
1 + ln CC
Vth
R1 I O
VGS 1 = VT
VO
RO
R1
IO
KR 2
(VGS 2 VT ) 2
2
(VGS 2 > VT )
Q2
R2
1 + 2 KR1 (V DD VT )
I
Q1
1
1
+
KR1 KR1
IO =
K
(VGS 2 VT ) 2 (1 + V DS 2 )
2
RO = rds 2 (1 + g m 2 R 2 )
VO
RO
IO
I
Q2
Q1
R2
R1
v BE 1 + R1 I = v BE 2 + R2 I O
1
( R1 I + v BE 1 v BE 2 )
IO =
R2
I O R1 Vth I I S 2
=
+
ln
I
R2 R 2 I I O I S 1
Se poate determina I/IO deoarece:
V v BE
I = CC
R + R1
Rezistenta de iesire
I O R1
=
I
R2
R2
RO = ro 2 1 +
R2 + r 2 + R // (1 / g m 1 + R1 )
I3
Q3
Q2
R2
R3
R4
I4
I5
I6
Q4
Q5
Q6
R5
R6
Daca ariile tranzistoarelor sunt alese in asa fel incat densitatile de curent sa
fie egale, atunci tensiunile baza-emitor vor fi egale.
I
v BE 2 v BE 3 = Vth ln REF
I3
jA A
IS3
= Vth ln 2 3 = 0
IS2
jA3 A2
Deci:
v BE 2 = ... = v BE 6
si:
I 3 R3 = I 4 R4 = I 5 R5 = I 6 R6 = I REF R2
Cei patru curenti de iesire au expresiile:
I 3 = I REF
R2
R
; ... ; I 6 = I REF 2
R3
R6
unde:
V 2 v BE
I REF = CC
R1 + R2
VCC
R1
IREF
IO
Q2
Q1
R2
v BE 1 Vth VCC 2v BE
IO =
ln
=
R2
R2
R1 I S
RO
Q2
VA
RO1
Q1
V2
V1
Rezistenta de iesire
RO 1
rO 2
RO = ro 2 1 +
r 2 + RO 1
R
>> r 2
RO 1 = ro1 1 +
r 1 + R
VCC
VCC 2 v BE
IO = I =
R
VO
RO
Rezistenta de iesire
IO
RO 3
RO = ro 2 1 +
r 2 + RO 3 + R //( 2 / g m 1 )
I
Q2
Q1
RO3
A
Q4
Q3
RO 3 = ro 3 >> r 2 , R //( 2 / g m 1 )
Deci:
RO ro 2
Tensiunea minima de iesire
IO
Q4
Q5
Q3
R2
VCC 3v BE
R1
RO 5
RO = ro 4 1 +
r 4 + RO 5 + R1 //( 3 / g m 1 )
RO5
Q2
I=
Rezistenta de iesire
Q1
A
Curentul de iesire
v BE 5 Vth I
v
=
I O = BE 3
ln
R2
R2 I O
R2
RO 5 ro5 1 +
r 5 + R2 + 1 / gm 3
RO 5 >> r 4 , R1 //( 3 / gm 1 )
Deci:
RO ro 4
Tensiunea minima de iesire
VO min = V A + VCE 4 sat
V A = 2 v BE
VO
IO
RO
V1 = VGS 1 + I O R
KR
2
(
)
V
V
V
V
=
1
GS 1
GS 1
T
K
2
I O = (VGS 1 VT )2
2
VGS 1 (> VT ) I O
Rezistenta de iesire
2
RO = rds 2 (1 + gm RO 1 ) gm rds
RO 1 = rds 1 (1 + gm R )
Q2
RO1
VA
Q1
V2
V1
2 IO
K
VDD
I
Rezistenta de iesire
VO
RO
IO
Q4
Q1
A
Q3
Q2
2
RO = rds 1 1 + gm 1 rds 2 gm rds
2I
K
IO = I
VO
I2 = I
I1 = I
RO
IO
Q5
Q4
2
(W/L)/(n+1)
(W/L)/n
Q1
2
Rezistenta de iesire
2
R0 = rds 1 (1 + g m 1 rds 2 ) g m rds
(W/L)/n2
IO
Q3
Q2
W/L
W/L
K' W / L
(
I=
VGS 5 VT ) 2
2 ( n + 1) 2
I=
K' W / L
VGS 1( 4 ) VT 2
2 n2
I=
K'
(W / L) VGS 2 ( 3 ) VT
2
)2
VGS 5 VT = (n + 1) VGS 2( 3 ) VT
VGS 1( 4 ) VT = n VGS 2( 3 ) VT
2I
K
VCC v BE
IO =
R
I O
V
I
1
SVO = CC
CC
I O VCC
SVO =
CC
VCC I O
V
I
1
1
= CC
R2 I O
R2 I O VCC
I O VCC
I
1+
1+
Vth
Vth
VCC R2 VCC 2 v BE R1 I S
I
SVO
CC
Vth
4%
v BE
VCC
Q4
Q5
Q6
IO
IO
I REF
IO
VCC 2v BE
1+
VCC 2 v BE
VA
=
1+
v BE
VA
1+
VA
IREF
Q2
Q1
IO
Q3
IO =
Derivand:
R2
I O
Vth
=
VCC R2 (V A + VCC )
rezulta:
I
SVO
CC
Vth
v BE
1
V
1+ A
VCC
Q4
Q6
v BE 1 v BE 2
R2
Vth I REF
ln
R2 I O
Vth I S 2
+
ln
R2 I S 1
V
V
th ln 1 + CC
R2
VA
Vth I S 2
+
ln
R2 I S 1
IO =
IO
IREF
Q1
IO
Q2
IO
IO
Q5
R2
V
I
SVO CC
CC
VA
1
I
ln S 2
IS1
Q5
Q2
Q1
IO
R
IO
Q3
VGS K
IO =
= (VGS VT ) 2
R
2
KR 2
KR 2
VGS (1 + KRVT )VGS +
VT = 0
2
2
Rezolvand ecuatia pentru VGS rezulta:
VGS 1, 2 = VT +
VGS = VT +
2 KRVT + 1
1
KR
KR
2 KRVT + 1
1
+
KR
KR
Deci:
IO =
1
KR
(1 + KRVT +
1 + 2 KRVT
Q6
IO
Q3
Q4
VT +
I
2 IO
+ Vth ln O =
4K
IS
= VT +
I
2 IO
+ Vth ln O
K
10 I S
Rezulta:
Q1
Vth =
Q2
kT
- tensiunea termica
q
VDD
Q4
Q5
IO
IO
Q2
Q3
R2
B
Q1
R1
Q6
Curentul de iesire
Pentru tranzistoare MOS identice,
VA = VB, deci:
V
I O = EB 1
R1
Q5
W/L
Q2
n(W/L)
Q3
W/L
R1
IO
Q1
Q7
Q6
Curentul de iesire
Se poate demostra ca VA = VB,
deci:
R2
IO =
V BE 1 V BE7
R1
V th
R1
ln(n )
Q5
W/L
Q2
n(W/L)
Q3
N W/L
R1
Q1
Q7
Q6
W/L
A
VO
IO
R2
R3
Q8
VGS 2 = VGS 3
V
V EB7 R2
V R2 = R2 EB 1
Vth ln(n )
=
R1
R1
Q9
+
-
IO ( T ) =
I R2
(
)
V
ln
n
+
V
(
T
)
th
EB 8
R3 R1
V EB ( T ) = A + BT + CT ln
TO
Q5
W/L
Q2
n(W/L)
Q3
N W/L
R1
Q1
Q7
Q6
W/L
A
VO
IO
Q9
+
-
R2
Q8
R3
T
I R2 kT
IO ( T ) =
ln(n ) + A + BT + CT ln
R3 R1 q
TO
Conditia de corectie liniara a caracteristicii poate fi scrisa astfel:
R k
B + 2 ln(n ) = 0
R1 q
Rezulta:
T
I
+
IO ( T ) =
A
CT
ln
R3
TO
iO
EC
vI
vO
RL
D = bloc de divizare
C = bloc de comparare
R = circuit de referinta
A = amplificator
EC = element de control
iO
vI
EC
vO
RL
D = bloc de divizare
C = bloc de comparare
R = circuit de referinta
A = amplificator
EC = element de control
iO
Q
R
vI
RL
vO
D
vO = VZ VBE
VZ
R2
vI
RL
vO
R1
R
vO = (VBE + V Z ) 1 + 2 > V Z
R1
vO
vO
R3
R4
R5
Q
D
Q
R3
R2
R6
Q
R4
R2
vO
R3
R1
RL
R
v O = V Z 1 + 2
R1
R
= V Z 1 + 1
R2
vI
R1
R6
vO
R4
R5
R1
R2
R
v O = (V Z + V BE ') 1 + 1
R2
vI
VR
+
-
VR = VO
Q
R1
vO
RL
R2
R2
R1 + R2
R
VO = VR 1 + 1
R2
VCC
VR
+
-
VR = VO
Q1
Q2
VO
-VCC
R1
R2
R2
R1 + R2
R
VO = VR 1 + 1
R2
VCC
VR
+
-
Q1
Q2
VO+
R1
- VCC
R2
- VCC
+
-VCC
R2
R1 + R2
R1
= V R 1 +
R
R3'
VO
R3'' = R3'
VO +
VO
=
VO = VO +
R3 '
R3 ' '
Q3
Q4
VCC
V R = VO +
VO -
- VCC
VCC
AO2
AO1
VR
Q1
VR = VO
+
-
Q2
VO
R1
-VCC
VCC
R2
R1 + R2
R
VO = VR 1 + 1
R2
R2
I OL =
D2
D1
R4
IO
V D 1 + V D 2 VBE V D
r
r
IO
I OL
R4
T1
VBE
=
r
VCC
I
Q1
Q2
Circuit de Q3
limitare a
curentului
R
IO
VO
I OL =
V BE 3
R
circuitul BA 723
REF
+
-
RSC
Q2
Q1
RL
VR
REF
R3
+
-
Q3
R1
R2
R1
VO = V R
< VR
R1 + R3
I Osc =
V BE
Rsc
VO
Q2
RSC
VO
Q1
VR
RL
R3
REF
+
-
R1
Q3
R2
R1
R
VO
= V R VO = V R 1 + 2 > V R
R1 + R2
R1
I Osc =
V BE
Rsc
VBE
Vth
Vth
DVth
VREF=VBE+DVth
I
(
T
)
S
E
I S (T ) = CT exp GO
Vth
VBE (T ) = EG 0 +
kT I C (T )
ln
q CT
kTO I C (TO )
VBE (TO ) = EGO +
ln
q
CTO
I C (T ) = BT
VBE ( T ) = EGO +
VBE ( TO ) EGO
KT T
T + ( )
ln
TO
q TO
VBE ( TO ) EGO
2 ,1mV / K < 0
TO
V BE (T ) = A + BT + CT ln
TO
V
T
A
B
D
T
CT
(
)
=
+
+
+
ln
REF
TO
B+ D
T
k
= 0 V REF (T ) = A + CT ln
q
TO
V BE 2 V BE 1
kT I 2
ln
=
R3
qR 3 I 1
I 1 R1 = I 2 R 2
R2
R1
I1
I2
+
-
R3
VREF
I1 =
kT R1
ln
qR3 R2
V REF (T ) = I 1 (T ) R 1 + V BE 2 (T )
Q2
Q1
V BE (T ) = A + BT + CT ln
TO
T
k R1 R1
ln
T + CT ln
V REF (T ) = A + B +
q R3 R2
TO
B+
k
q
T
R1 R1
A 1, 2V
= 0 V REF (T ) = A + CT ln
ln
R3 R2
TO
VREF
Q6
Q4
Q8
Q5
B
VO
R2
R1
I
Q1
Q2
Q3
V A VB =
2 I D5
K
I
1 D 4 5
K5
I D5 K 4
2 I D5
2 I D4
K5
K4
2 I D5
I (W / L)5
=
1 D6
K5
I D7 (W / L)4
V A VB =
2 I D5
(W / L)5 (W / L)6
1
K
(W / L)4 (W / L)7
(W / L) 4 (W / L)6
=
V A = VB
(W / L) 5 (W / L)7
/ VBE1 (T ) / / VBE 2 (T ) /
VO (T ) = / VBE 3 (T ) / + I (T ) R2 = / VBE 3 (T ) / +
R2
R1
Pentru:
R2 kT I D6
VO (T ) = / VBE 3 (T ) / +
ln
R1 q
I D7
R2 kT (W / L)6
VO (T ) = / VBE 3 (T ) / +
ln
R1 q (W / L)7
T
/ VBE (T ) / = A + BT + CT ln
T0
R k (W / L)6
B + 2 ln
=0
R1 q (W / L)7
T
VO (T ) = A + CT ln
T0
I C 1 R1 = I C 2 R2
R2
+
-
R3
VO
R6
Q2
R4
A
IC2
R5
VO (T ) = 1 +
V
R
I C 1 = th ln 1
R4 R2
V A (T ) = ( I C 1 + I C 2 ) R5 + VBE 2 (T )
Q1
IC1
R7
V A (T ) = VO (T )
R6 + R7
R7
R6
VBE 2 (T ) +
R7
R5
1+
R4
R
R1
Vth ln 1
R2
R2
R5
R k R
1 + 1 ln 1 + B = 0
R4
R2 q R2
T
R6
VO (T ) = 1 +
A + CT ln
R7
T0
Senzori de temperatura
Exemplu (1)
R3
R2
R1
+
-
Q1
VO
Q2
R4
R5
VO (T )
I1
I
R4
R
= VBE 1 V BE 2 = Vth ln C 1 = Vth ln 2
R3 + R4 + R5
IC 2
R1
R
R + R5
Vth ln 2 = ct .T
VO (T ) = 1 + 3
R4
R1
Exemplu (2)
VDD
Q5
Q6
Q3
Q4
VO
R2
R1
Q1
Q7
Q2
VBE1 VBE 2
(W / L)5
R
VO = R2 I D7 (T ) = R2 I D 4 (T ) = R2
= ct .T
= 2 Vth ln
R1
R1
(W / L)6
VDD
I
Q1
K
1:1
I
Q2
K
I
Q3
K
Q4
4K
VC
VO = 2VGS4 VGS 3
Q6
K
2I
= 2 VT +
4K
Q5
4K
VO
Q7
K
2I
VT +
= VT = VT 0 + a (T T0 )
K