Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Preparing
the
Next
Generation
of
Graduate-Level
Professionals:
An
Implementation
Portfolio
for
a
College
to
Career
Flipped
Graduate
Student
Seminar
by
Jennifer
Pollard
A
Project
Submitted
to
the
Interdisciplinary
Studies
Program
of
George
Mason
University
in
Partial
Fulfillment
of
the
Requirements
for
the
Degree
of
Master
of
Arts
in
Interdisciplinary
Studies
with
a
Concentration
in
Individualized
Studies
Committee:
Dr.
Lori
Cohen
Scher,
Assistant
Dean,
University
Life
and
Director
of
Academics,
Higher
Education
Program,
Chair
Ms.
Christine
Y.
Cruzvergara,
Assistant
Dean
and
Executive
Director,
University
Career
Services
Ms.
Raechel
Hester,
Associate
Director,
University
Career
Services
Dr.
Meredith
Lair,
Head,
Concentration
in
Individualized
Studies
Date:
Fall
Semester
2015
George
Mason
University
Fairfax,
VA
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
.....................................................................................................................
3
Background
and
Context
...........................................................................................................................
4
Problem
Statement
......................................................................................................................................
8
Overview
of
Project
.....................................................................................................................................
9
Significance
of
Project
................................................................................................................................
9
Theoretical
Framework
..........................................................................................................................
10
Definitions
...................................................................................................................................................
11
Chapter 2: Literature Review
........................................................................................................
12
Graduate
Student
Career
Development
and
21st
Century
Skills
...............................................
12
Constructivist
Learning
..........................................................................................................................
15
Flipped
Classroom
Learning
.................................................................................................................
16
Summary
......................................................................................................................................................
19
Chapter 3: Methods
..........................................................................................................................
20
Introduction
................................................................................................................................................
20
Statement
of
the
Problem
......................................................................................................................
21
Description
of
project
methods/
processes
.....................................................................................
22
Conclusion
...................................................................................................................................................
22
Chapter 4: Implementation Portfolio
...........................................................................................
23
http://gradcareercourse.weebly.com/
...........................................................................................
23
Course
Syllabus
..........................................................................................................................................
23
Group
Etiquette
Standards
....................................................................................................................
36
Online
Modules
..........................................................................................................................................
37
In-Class
Active
Learning
Projects/Exercises
...................................................................................
37
Marketing
Strategy
...................................................................................................................................
38
Assessment
and
Evaluation
...................................................................................................................
42
References
...........................................................................................................................................
50
Chapter 1: Introduction
A 2014 analysis conducted by the New America Foundation shows a surge in average
graduate student debt between 2004 and 2012. According to the study, the average debt for
masters students at the 75th percentile of indebtedness increased from $54,000 to $85,000,
adjusting for inflation. Although graduate students only account for 14 percent of university
enrollment, they procure nearly 40 percent of the overall student debt in the United States
(Delisle, 2014). Department of Education data formed the basis of the analysis and illuminated
a scenario where students returning to or continuing their studies hope for career payoff and
end up with crippling debt. With increasing costs come greater expectations from students that
graduate school will prepare them for careers and life in the 21st century (Mills, 2015).
Over the course of the past decade, a number of studies, reports, and initiatives have
recommended changes in graduate education (Golde & Dore, 2001; Kemp, 1999; Leitch, 2006;
Nyquist & Roberts, 2002; Walker et al., 2008; Woodford, 2000). The majority of initiatives,
such as those spearheaded by The Pew Trust and the National Science Foundation, focus on
programming designed to better prepare students to work in academic roles (Holaday et al,
2007). Such actions align with the belief that the majority of graduate students will obtain
future careers in academe. Although this was once perceived as true, the availability of
positions has diminished as the number of graduate degree holders has increased (Golde &
Doore, 2001). Although some graduate students will continue to seek employment in the
academic community, a growing percentage will pursue other employment opportunities
available to those with advanced degrees (Polson, 2003). However, evidence suggests that
graduate programs do not adequately prepare students for careers beyond the academy
(Nyquist & Woodford, 2000). With the growth in graduate students seeking work in
professional industries, higher education institutions must adapt and better prepare graduates
for jobs in an ever-changing global economy.
Background and Context
Graduate students represent a diverse group of learners pursuing advanced degrees with
a variety of experiences, interests, and goals. Today, graduate programs enroll large numbers
of adult learners as well as students continuing their education immediately following
undergraduate studies. With such a wide range in age and lifestyle, students have a variety of
responsibilities, demands on their time, and financial needs (Polson, 2003). As such, very few
students follow what would be considered a traditional path through graduate school (Fischer
& Zigmond, 1998). To meet the diverse needs of learners, institutions have traditionally spent
a greater amount of time and resources addressing the transitions students go through when
entering as opposed to exiting graduate school (Polson, 2003). Considerable attention is given
to socialization, integration within a given department, and introduction to student services
(Weidman, et al., 2001). Efforts must also be made to support students as they move through
the rigors of graduate studies and approach graduation. Transitioning from graduate school
should not be underestimated (Stewart 1995; Kajatani & Bryant, 2005).
The 2001 At Cross Purposes report identified graduate students as not prepared for
the labor market they face both internal and external to the academy (Golde & Dore, 2001).
Career concerns have become more intense for graduate students, increasing the importance of
institutions developing initiatives to prepare learners for the professional workforce (Polson,
2003). This section provides information regarding the current environment this diverse group
of graduate students face as well as the context for new generation learning environments that
hold the potential to better prepare students for post-graduate professional careers.
Post-Graduate Success of Graduate Learners
The competitive academic market has increased the number of graduate students
looking outside the academy for career opportunities. As a result, colleges and universities are
being called upon to evolve their academic programs and support services in order to help
students develop the practical skills and experiences necessary to meet the needs of a diverse
set of industry employers (LaPidus, 1998; Pang et al., 2013). According to research conducted
by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, the most sought after professional
skills fall within the categories of teamwork, problem solving, communications, initiative, and
adaptability (NACE, 2014). Students must develop the skills desired by 21st century employers
while also preparing to face a global economy where the majority of professionals will
experience a series of job changes before retirement (Savikas, 2005). In order to prepare
students for a variety of careers, graduate schools must teach the transferable skills necessary
for students to succeed and maintain their adaptability outside of academe (Porter & Phelps,
2014). Constructivist learning theories provide one model with the potential to solve this
problem and prepare a diverse population of graduate learners for post-graduate professional
employment.
Constructivist Learning Theories for a New Generation
Over time, graduate school populations have changed much more than the colleges and
universities that serve them (Polson, 2003). Modern institutions of higher education maintain
characteristics of medieval universities from the 11th century. Colleges and universities were
initially developed as a result of the urbanization of European society between the years of
1400 and 1800 (Crews & Butterfield, 2014). Such institutions focused on traditional paradigms
emphasizing content-focused learning and the acquisition of factual information. The professor
at this time was the central figure, or the sage on stage, who upheld a focus on repetition,
logical sequence, and a one size fits all approach to learning (Brown, 2005).
During the first half of the 20th century, the behaviorist learning paradigm dominated in
higher education (Brandt & Perkins, 2000; Carter, 2008). Widely attributed to American
psychologist Barrhus Frederic Skinner (1953), this approach to learning emphasizes
demanding attention, informing learners of an objective, memorization, and presenting
stimulus materials (Kivunja, 2014). As the turn of the 21st century approached, the
constructivist paradigm grew in popularity amongst higher education instructors (Brandt &
Perkins, 2000; Carter, 2008). Constructivist theories, most widely attributed to Jean Piaget
(1923) and Lev Vygotsky (1978), hold that learners construct knowledge and meaning from
experiences. Constructivist learning models allow students to take an active role in their
education. Over the past two decades, researchers have found that hands-on, student-centered,
and active learning design creates a more beneficial learning environment for students (Carter,
2008). Cooperative and collaborative learning, two forms of active learning, create discussion
methods that are superior to lectures in student retention of information after the end of a
course; transfer of knowledge to new situations; development of problem solving, thinking, or
attitude change; and motivation for further learning (McKeachie, 2002, pp. 52-53).
Despite evidence suggesting the learning and career development benefits of learnercentered education (i.e. constructivism), higher education still far too frequently takes a
teacher-centered approach to courses and programming. This style leaves little room for
collaboration and self-directed study to teach students the skills they need to succeed in the
one interactions (Roehl, Reddy, & Shannon, 2013). In contrast, traditional lecture courses do
not allow teachers to assess student progress until after formal testing (Chickering & Gamson,
1987).
The concept of the flipped classroom aligns with constructivist learning theories as
educators become the guide on the side rather than the sage on the stage (Brandt &
Perkins, 2000; Brooks, 1990; Piaget, 1995). Flipped classroom environments further
personalize learning for students by granting them easy access to online lectures. The recorded
lectures give students the ability to re-watch portions that may be confusing to them and skip
sections they have already mastered (Roehl, Reddy, & Shannon, 2013). This allows for selfdirected, personalized learning as students study at their own pace and tailor the learning
experience to their individual needs, knowledge level, and learning style (Phillips & Trainor,
2014).
Problem Statement
Despite graduate students only accounting for 14 percent of university enrollment, they
procure nearly 40 percent of the overall student debt in the United States (Delisle, 2014). With
increasing costs come greater expectations from students that graduate school will prepare
them for careers and life in the 21st century (Mills, 2015). Although some graduate students
will continue to seek employment in the academic community, a growing percentage will
pursue other employment opportunities available to those with advanced degrees (Polson,
2003). However, evidence suggests that graduate programs do not adequately prepare students
for careers beyond the academy (Nyquist & Wulff, 2000). With the growth in graduate
students seeking work in professional industries, higher education institutions must adapt to
better prepare graduates for jobs in an ever-changing global economy.
The flipped classroom provides a new model for career education capable of preparing
students for diverse careers in non-academic environments. The flipped model would serve a
greater variation of graduate student needs and lifestyles by personalizing learning through
online modules and in-class activities. In an effort to apply the flipped classroom model to
graduate student career development and workforce preparation initiatives, this project seeks to
create an implementation portfolio for a flipped College to Career graduate student course.
Overview of Project
This project will focus on the design of a 2-credit College to Career flipped course for
graduate students to increase their career readiness, educate them on the job search process,
and help them to articulate their skills, strengths, and experiences related to their career goals.
Despite many graduate programs at George Mason University requiring seminars for new
students as they transition into a degree program, few have formalized career development
courses to support students successful transitions from graduate school to the workforce. The
implementation portfolio for the flipped course will include the course curriculum, assessment
plan, recommendations for a campus-wide launch, and select online modules modeling the
structure of materials for the course.
Significance of Project
Not only must higher education institutions meet the changing educational needs of
students, they must also prepare them for todays constantly evolving global society. Students
are expected to graduate college with a variety soft skills such as the ability to communicate
both orally and in writing, collaborate in teams, work across disciplines, and understand local
community politics (NACE, 2014). This topic has been heavily discussed in the media as the
increasing cost of higher education and decreasing ability of educators to prepare students for
post-graduate success has left students in debt and unprepared for life in the 21st century
(Mills, 2015). This project seeks to inform and create a model for graduate student career
development geared toward students seeking to work in non-academic careers. Although the
literature discusses graduate students, career development, and the flipped classroom, there is a
gap in the research as to the steps institutions can take to apply the flipped classroom to career
course environments in order to support graduate students seeking professional non-academic
careers. It is the goal of this proposed project to provide an implementation portfolio capable of
guiding the initiation of a semester-long flipped College to Career course for graduate students.
The work should be used to support and encourage universities looking to enact pedagogical
changes to better serve todays graduate students as they approach post-graduation careers.
Theoretical Framework
Based on the characteristics most closely defining students in the 21st century,
constructivist learning theory will be used to inform this project. Constructivism as a broader
category captures several instructional models including inquiry-based learning, active
learning, and experiential learning (Jobrack, 2013). Jean Piaget, the psychologist most closely
identified with constructivism, theorized that learners construct meaning and knowledge from
interactions between their experiences and ideas (Piaget, 1923). His observations of how
children and adolescents solve problems led to the formulation of the theory (Kivunja, 2014).
The theory suggests that students learn best when they become an active part of the process
and engage in meaningful ways with the educational environment.
Constructivism calls for authentic learning activities, problem solving, critical thinking,
hands-on engagement, and experiential learning. According to modern researchers,
constructivist environments allow students to construct a learning environment where they can
develop the 21st century skills they will need to be successful both during college and in their
careers post-graduation (Jones, 2012). In the following chapter, I will provide an overview of
the literature related to graduate student career development and flipped classroom learning.
The proposal will conclude with a section outlining the methodology for the design of the
flipped course implementation portfolio.
Definitions
Constructivist learning theories are identified with cognitive psychologist Jean Piaget
(1923) and propose that learners construct knowledge and meaning from their experiences
(Kivunja, 2014).
New Generation Learning models are student-focused where the instructor no longer
serves as the center of the classroom. The professor instead takes on the role of facilitator,
coach, counselor, and mentor while the student actively participates in the classroom learning
environment. In this new model, students have the freedom to construct and discover
knowledge rather than passively memorize and repeat back on exams (Brown, 2005).
Old Generation Learning is recognized as bounded by time, place, efficiency, and
role (Tapscott, 1998). It is instructor-focused and emphasizes memorization, repetition, and the
acquisition of facts (Brown, 2005).
Flipped Learning is a subset of blended learning where videos or other digital
technologies are used to deliver content outside of class allowing for a shift from teacherdriven to student-centered active learning during class time (Hamdan, McKnight & Arfstrom,
2013; NMC Horizon Report, 2014).
science students. The cohort was composed of physical science Ph.D. alums who graduated
between 1990 and 1994 from eight medium to large size universities. All respondents had
graduated approximately 4 to 8 years prior to the study being conducted. The survey study
received over 700 respondents accounting for 65% of the population being studied. The largest
group of graduates (44%) were employed in business or industry with only 25% working at
colleges and universities. The job skills used most by graduates across all employment sectors
included writing, oral presentation, management, data analysis, designing projects, critical
thinking, and working in an interdisciplinary context. Rankings of the training graduates
received while in college in these skill areas were significantly lower than the importance of
these skills in the workplace. This showcases an opportunity for graduate programs to fill the
training gap and better prepare students through initiatives focused on the development of
employability skills.
Fisher and Zigmond (1998) recognized the need for graduate student professional
development at the University of Pittsburg. The university implemented a set of Survival
Skills workshops on communication skills, job skills, leadership, and grant writing. Similarly,
Bonnie Holaday, Kenneth Weaver, and Linda Nilson (2007) re-envisioned a professionaldevelopment program for graduate students using a systems-developmental framework at
Clemson University. The systems-developmental framework took into account age-related
transitions and life-cycle issues that occur with a diverse population of learners in a graduate
student environment. The programming efforts focused on communication, teaching, ethics,
leadership, entrepreneurship, and research administration offered as three-hour workshops. In
this model, students select programming of interest to them and proceed at their own pace. The
workshops did not offer any credit for students but select topics did offer certificates (Holaday,
et al., 2007).
Universities in Australia and Canada have taken unique approaches as well to preparing
graduate students for 21st century employment. At Edith Cowan University in Australia, a peerto-peer support center was developed to inspire research students to consider industry career
paths during their studies. The Support, Opportunities, Advice and Resources (SOAR) Centre
was designed to start the career development process early for graduate students while arming
them with the employability skills they will need to succeed in a knowledge-based, global
market (Jones, et al., 2012). Although the center found early success, it relied heavily on
marketing to encourage students to engage and seemed less integrated within the overall
graduate student experience compared to efforts at other institutions. At the University of
British Columbia, an integrated approach was taken to reach similar goals. Recognizing that
graduates lacked the competencies relevant to non-academic professions, the institution
spearheaded a holistic approach for graduate students through mentors, internships, careerrelated thesis work, and formal assessment of student career-related competencies (Porter &
Phelps, 2014).
Initiatives that are not mandatory or integrated within the student experience, such as
the SOAR Centre, struggle to obtain high participation rates from students (Holaday, et al.,
2007; Jones, et al., 2012; Fisher & Zigmond, 1998). Integrated approaches, as displayed by
Porter and Phelps (2014), as well as career courses built into the curriculum, extend the reach
of efforts amongst graduate learners. Meta-analysis studies have found career development
courses to be an effective means of promoting career readiness and maturity (Ryan, 1999;
Reed, Reardon, Lens, & Leirer, 2001). Additionally, students who complete a career
development course during their graduate studies are more likely to graduate compared to
those who do not complete such a course (Troyer & Rasmussen, 2003). Such findings are of
particular relevancy to the proposed project as they support the importance and strength in
developing a required flipped career development course during the second or third semester of
graduate study. According to the research, this effort would make strides at combatting the
career readiness skills gap as well as supporting retention efforts and student persistence. Such
outcomes will also heavily rely on the material and course delivery format to ensure an
engaging and applied learning environment. Constructivist learning principles and flipped
classroom pedagogies support these goals and present a methodology aligned with the diverse
population of graduate students approaching their studies from a variety of backgrounds,
experiences, and lifestyles.
Constructivist Learning
According to Carter (2008), current undergraduate and graduate students (largely
composed of the Millennial generation) represent one of the first cohorts to approach learning
with constructivist expectations. Constructivism is most closely attributed to the work of Piaget
and Vygotsky in the latter part of the 20th century. Learners in the 21st century have become
accustomed to interacting with peers, mentors, coaches, and parents. They expect this social
interaction to be an integrated part of the learning experience (Howe & Strauss, 2000; Carter,
2008; Oblinger, 2003). This concept is present throughout the literature related to constructivist
approaches to education.
Vygotsky (1978) and Piaget (1995) agreed that social interaction with experts is
essential in the learning process. Constructivist approaches further meet such expectations by
creating an environment where the educator can become the guide on the side rather than the
sage on the stage (Brandt & Perkins, 2000; Brooks, 1990; Piaget, 1995). Constructivist
learning has become known for this ability to provide students with a facilitator, coach, and
mentor in the learning process (Brooks, 1990; Perkins, 1999; Piaget, 1995; Vygotsky, 1978).
Brooks (1990) and Bruner (1996) further discussed the importance of the active, hands-on
learning provided by constructivist environments. With these core components meeting the
needs of 21st century graduate students, constructivist paradigms align well with this new
generation of learners.
Despite evidence suggesting the need to adapt lecture methods to include more
constructivist learning models, the old generation of learning continues to form the foundation
of educational institutions. Professors continue to traditionally lecture in front of rows of quiet
students. The disconnect between this common classroom scenario and the manner in which
students expect to learn has caused researchers to look at the role of the physical classroom
structure in promoting old generation learning styles. Brown (2005) highlighted that
appropriately designed learning spaces allow for a greater diversity of materials and activities
to be present with the classroom environment, expanding the concept of the classroom (Brown,
2005). Jamieson, Dane, and Lippman (2005) support the recommendations of Brown and
further state that if facilities are to encourage the new generation of learning, the environment
must be adaptable, flexible, accessible, and secure. Researchers studying the flipped classroom
leverage new applications of the classroom concept with the goal of better serving the learning
styles and preferences of todays students.
Flipped Classroom Learning
The concept of the flipped classroom grew in popularity after two high school
chemistry teachers, Jonathan Bergamann and Aaron Sams, integrated the model in a 2007 high
school classroom. The experience not only solved the teachers identified problem of students
missing class and not being engaged, it also sparked a trend toward more active and problembased learning solutions within traditional classroom environments at the school (Bergmann &
Sams, 2012). Further studies within high school environments displayed increased learning,
course attendance, and student engagement. In 2010, Greg Green, Principal of Clintondale
High School outside of Detroit Michigan, decided to flip the instruction of his entire high
school. After the flip, Green saw a dramatic academic improvement with the number of
students failing English dropping from 44% to 19%, students failing Math dropping from 44%
to 13%, and discipline cases dropping from 736 to only 249 (Green, 2011). Following
successful research in 9th through 12th grade education, educators at colleges and universities
began to adopt principles from the model and experiment within their disciplines.
Researchers in higher education have found similar results as their high school educator
counterparts. A study conducted in 2011 noted significant learning gains as a result of inverting
the classroom environment. Carl Wieman and colleagues at Stanford University compared two
large-enrollment sections of a physics course one flipped and one control course. During the
quasi-experiment, student engagement increased in the experimental section but did not change
in the control section. Student learning was measured through a multiple-choice test where
students in the flipped classroom scored significantly higher than peers in the control group
(Wieman & Gilbert, 2014). Although this study shows great gains in engagement and learning,
results were only measured after a one-week experimental period and the authors did not
address the gains in such areas over time.
In 2013, Jacob Enfield at California State University Northbridge applied the flipped
classroom model to his CTVA-361 course in the Cinema and Television Arts department at the
university. Enfield began experimenting with the model after recognizing that class time was
being used inefficiently due to the high diversity in experience and knowledge of the topic
amongst students enrolled in the web design course. Placing materials online allowed students
to work at their own pace, alleviating the time that was spent in-class helping students catch up
instead of moving ahead with those who were proficient in the topic. Students reported
increased levels of engagement, learning, and confidence in their ability to work
independently. Enfield discussed the successes of the implementation as well as certain
challenges. In his research, he makes note of the need for extra planning and time devoted to
designing online learning materials and in-class activities as well as an understanding of ADA
guidelines when it comes to making online information accessible for learners with disabilities
(Enfield, 2013).
Flipped classroom experiments in health-related courses begin to highlight another
theme across the literature related to high levels of learning coupled with low levels of
satisfaction (Critz & Knight, 2013; Missildine et al., 2013; Knight & Woods, 2005). Kathy
Missildine and the team of researchers at Texas A&M leveraged a quasi-experimental design
to compare three approaches to learning: traditional lecture only, lecture and lecture capture
back-up, and flipped classroom approach. Exam scores were higher for the flipped classroom
group compared to both lecture-based models. While learners scored higher in the flipped
classroom, this group of students scored the lowest in satisfaction compared to other course
sections (Missildine et al, 2013).
Findlay-Thompson and Mombourquette (2014) conducted a similar study at Mount
Saint Vincent University using an introductory business course. Dr. Findlay-Thompson taught
three sections of the Business 1112 using the flipped classroom style for one of the sections
and the traditional lecture-style for the other two. Post-term interviews were used to collect
information from the students in the flipped classroom section. Quantitative grades were
further used to compare academic success between the three sections. Results showed mixed
feelings regarding students in the flipped classroom as well as identical academic outcomes
between the three sections. While the researchers expected higher grades in the flipped
classroom, they noted the challenges that existed in their implementation as well as lessons for
the future. Of note, the researchers discussed plans for future implementations that involved
greater time spent on educating students about the benefits of the model prior to the semester to
help ease the transition and uneasiness (Findlay-Thompson & Momborquette, 2014).
Slight to moderate positive changes in student learning and engagement yet negative
changes in satisfaction were echoed by Strayer (2007, 2012) who found that students
participating in a flipped introductory statistics course were less satisfied with the delivery
format compared to their peers exposed to a traditional section of the same course. Although
students experienced more innovation and cooperation compared to traditional classroom
students, they were uncomfortable with the change in the learning environment (Strayer, 2012).
Despite mixed results regarding course satisfaction, flipped course methodologies have shown
increases in learning, collaboration and engagement. Recommendations from researchers can
be used to combat low satisfaction rates including greater explanation of the model prior to the
semester, practice runs with new technology, and greater efforts on the part of ADA
compliance (Findlay-Thompson & Momborquette, 2014; Strayer, 2012; Enfield, 2013).
Summary
The changing economy and skills needed to succeed in the workforce present a
challenge for colleges and universities educating graduate-level learners. The review of the
literature tells a cohesive narrative regarding the need for innovative career development
efforts for students seeking careers in non-academic industries. Higher education institutions
must promote the development of a variety employability skills such as the ability to
communicate both orally and in writing, collaborate in teams, work across disciplines, and
understand local community politics. Constructivist learning principles and flipped classroom
pedagogies support these goals and present a methodology aligned with the diverse population
of graduate students approaching their studies from a variety of backgrounds, experiences, and
lifestyles. The flipped classroom leverages the principles of constructivist learning in a more
flexible and personalized environment. Despite mixed results regarding course satisfaction,
higher education flipped course methodologies have shown increases in learning, collaboration
and engagement. (Missildine et al, 2013; Findlay-Thompson & Momborquette, 2014; Strayer,
2012; Enfield, 2013; Critz & Knight, 2013; Knight & Woods, 2005).
The literature illuminates the importance of integrated, constructivist learning
environments making a case for the flipped College to Career course proposed through this
project. The next chapter presents an overview of the methodology, process, deliverables, and
timeline for the project situated within the context of the above literature.
Chapter 3: Methods
Introduction
This project focused on the design of a 2-credit College to Career flipped course for
graduate students to increase their career readiness, educate them on the job search process,
and help them to articulate their skills, strengths, and experiences related to their career goals.
Despite many graduate programs at George Mason University requiring seminars for new
students as they transition into a degree program, few have formalized career development
courses to support students successful transitions from graduate school to the workforce. The
implementation portfolio for the flipped course was completed during the fall of 2015 and
includes the course syllabus/curriculum, marketing strategy, assessment plan, and select
modules/exercises modeling the structure of materials for the course.
Statement of the Problem
Despite graduate students only accounting for 14 percent of university enrollment, they
procure nearly 40 percent of the overall student debt in the United States (Delisle, 2014). With
increasing costs come greater expectations from students that graduate school will prepare
them for careers and life in the 21st century (Mills, 2015). Although some graduate students
will continue to seek employment in the academic community, a growing percentage will
pursue other employment opportunities available to those with advanced degrees (Polson,
2003). However, evidence suggests that graduate programs do not adequately prepare students
for careers beyond the academy (Nyquist & Wulff, 2000). With the growth in graduate
students seeking work in professional industries, higher education institutions must adapt to
better prepare graduates for jobs in an ever-changing global economy.
The flipped classroom provides a new model for career education capable of preparing
students for diverse careers in non-academic environments. The flipped model would serve a
greater variation of graduate student needs and lifestyles by personalizing learning through
online modules and in-class activities. In an effort to apply the flipped classroom model to
graduate student career development and workforce preparation initiatives, this project seeks to
create an implementation portfolio for a flipped College to Career graduate student course.
generation of learners and prepare them for the changing workforce (Skiba & Barton, 2006).
Although the literature discusses graduate students, career development, and the flipped
classroom, there is a gap in the research as to the steps institutions can take to apply the flipped
classroom to career course environments in order to support graduate students seeking
professional non-academic careers. It is the goal that this project will help colleges and
universities support graduate student career development by providing a flipped classroom
environment capable of serving a large variety of graduate students needs and lifestyles by
personalizing the learning through online modules and in-class activities.
Course Syllabus
LOGISTICS
Spring 2015
Robinson 105
Thursdays 7:20pm 9:20pm
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The Graduate Student College to Career 2-credit course is a transitional seminar designed
specifically for George Mason University graduate students seeking to pursue careers in
professional industry. The flipped seminar is designed to be a catalyst for those activities that
will help students establish a career direction as well as design a strategy for securing a fulltime position in todays competitive workplace. This course is focused on developing specific
competencies that include: career selection, job search activities, resume and cover letter
development, professional networking techniques, and behavioral interviewing skills. We will
also discuss key post-graduate life skills that include subjects such as: personal finances and
budgeting. The flipped nature of the course was strategically designed to allow greater
flexibility for graduate students with various life demands. The format creates an environment
that mimics a real-world workplace where employees are expected to act in a professional
manner, accomplishing tasks both independently using technology as well an through inperson team scenarios. Emotional intelligence and interpersonal skills will be promoted
through the variety of active-learning scenarios students will find themselves in as they learn
how to succeed in remote and in-person settings. A series of 12 lecture modules are assigned as
homework while class time is reserved for active and problem-based learning.
LEARNING GOALS AND OUTCOMES
This course emphasizes developing students readiness to transition from graduate school to
professional industry. The course focuses on the development of self-awareness, interviewing
skills, the acquisition of job-hunting knowledge as well as the formulation of an action plan to
achieve the student's job and career goals. The course also develops practical life skills in
anticipation of independent living.
Learning Outcomes:
1. To identify and translate personal interests, values, and skills into meaningful career
options
2. To identify and effectively articulate your skills, experiences and strengths related to
your career choice
3. To research and commit to potential career choices
4. To develop a compelling professional resume
5. To create a career search action strategy that can/will be used upon completion of this
course.
6. To present yourself effectively in an interview or conversation with a potential
employer.
7. To develop a practical knowledge of independent living topics in anticipation of
graduation
COURSE MATERIALS AND RESOURCES
Blackboard is required for this course. You can access the site at
https://mymason.gmu.edu
Job and Internship Guide:
http://careers.gmu.edu/students/movingon/upload/document.pdf. A hard copy will also
be provided on the first day of class.
Strengths Assessment
HireMason: An excellent on-line resource to search for jobs and internships
https://gmu-csm.symplicity.com/.
timeframes that the assignment was originally due). My preference is for you to submit all
assignments through Blackboard and emailing your assignments should be a last resort.
INCLEMENT WEATHER
In the event of inclement weather, please consult Masons website or call the main information
line (703) 993-1000. If the University is officially closed, our class will not meet. In the case
of bad weather and the University decides to remain open, our class will meet as scheduled.
Be sure to check your email as well. I will always communicate what actions we will be taking
in addition to any communications the University may send out.
COMMUNITY STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOR
One of the key goals of George Mason University is to create and deliver high quality
educational programs and research. Students, faculty, staff, and alumni who participate in these
educational programs contribute to the well-being of society. High quality educational
programs require an environment of trust and mutual respect, free expression and inquiry, and
a commitment to truth, excellence, and lifelong learning. Students, program participants,
faculty, staff, and alumni accept these principles when they join the GMU community. In doing
so, they agree to abide by the following Community Standards of Behavior:
The integrity of the University community is affected by the individual choices made by each
of us. GMU has an Honor Code with clear guidelines regarding academic integrity. Three
fundamental and rather simple principles to follow at all times are that: (1) all work submitted
be your own; (2) when using the work or ideas of others, including fellow students, give full
credit through accurate citations; and (3) if you are uncertain about the ground rules on a
particular assignment, ask for clarification. No grade is important enough to justify academic
misconduct.
Plagiarism means using the exact words, opinions, or factual information from another person
without giving the person credit. Writers give credit through accepted documentation styles,
such as parenthetical citation, footnotes, or endnotes. Paraphrased material must also be cited,
using MLA or APA format. A simple listing of books or articles is not sufficient. Plagiarism
is the equivalent of intellectual robbery and cannot be tolerated in the academic setting. If you
have any doubts about what constitutes plagiarism, please see me.
LEARNING DISABILITIES
If you have a documented learning disability or other condition that may affect academic
performance you should: 1) make sure this documentation is on file with the Office of
Disability Services (SUB I, Rm. 222; 993-2474; http://www.gmu.edu/student/drc/) to
determine the accommodations you need; and 2) talk with me to discuss your accommodation
needs. Because of the range of learning differences, faculty members need to learn from you
the most effective ways to assist you. If you have contacted the Disability Resource Center
and are waiting to hear from a counselor, please let me know.
GRADING
Your grade will be assigned on a straight scale based on the number of points you earn, as
shown below. There are a total of 250 possible points for this semester.
Grade
Total Points
225 - 250
200 - 224
175-199
150-174
0-149
5 points
25 points
10 points
10 points
30 points
20 points
30 points
60 points
60 points
250 Points
ASSIGNMENT DESCRIPTIONS:
In-Class Attendance & Participation 60 points / 4 points per class
Due to the interactive-learning design of this class, it requires your presence, preparation and
participation in the classroom. I will assign 3 points for attending each class and 1 point for
participation, based upon the criteria listed below. Just showing up to class will not ensure you
will get the full 4 points; you must participate to demonstrate your engagement in the course
material and commitment to learning.
Point
Range
Description
54-60
48-53
42-37
0-29
company of your choice. Your cover letter will be evaluated based upon the rubric provided.
CL=20 points.
Practice Interview Assignment: 30 points
Career Services has purchased a cutting edge internet tool called Interview Stream that will
help you improve your interviewing skills in the comfort of your own room! It includes over
3000 interview questions, answers and hints which have all been professionally produced on
digital video. This project will require that you practice and record an interview via this tool.
Details on the assignment will be communicated in class. PI = 40 points.
Career Action Plan: 40 points
The Career Action Plan is a project designed to help create your own personal career search
strategy that you can implement immediately upon completion of this course! Detailed
instructions will be posted on Blackboard and will also be discussed during the semester.
COURSE SCHEDULE
Week
Topic
Focus
Week 1:
January
18th
Course
Introduction
&
Graduate
Student
Career
Transition
Introduction to
course
Review of
syllabus
Setting/managi
ng expectation
Setting goals
Week 2:
January
25th
Creating a
Compelling
Masters/PhD
Resume
Constructing a
resume that
will help you
stand out to
recruiters and
employers
Learn how to
use the STAR
method
(SituationTask-ActionResults) to
present your
accomplishmen
ts
Personal Pitch
Week 3:
February
1st
Professional
Networking
Learn the
importance of
professional
networking
Hands-On Learning In
Class
Review Syllabus
Small organizations
(groups of 4-5 students)
will be formed. Students
will name their
organizations as well as
the industry
First colleague group
assignment: sharing
personal profiles
Complete
goals/performance
planning sheet for the
semester. A formal
version of an annual
review will be
conducted with each
student during finals
blocks at the end of the
semester
Class time will be spent
going deeper into the art of
creating a compelling
resume and developing
your personal pitch.
One-on-one resume
review and feedback
session with a peer in
your organization
Practice developing and
delivering your pitch.
Students will give their
pitch to a student of a
different organization as
if networking at an
industry-related
conference
Career Fair Planning
creating a targeted
industry, employer, and
position list
Discuss
effective
networking
techniques
Prepare for the
Career Fair
Week 4:
February
8th
Career
Action
Planning
Elements of a
good search
strategy
Lean how to
use your
interests and
skills to help
guide you in
the right
direction
Integrate your
resume,
networking
skills, and
industry
research into
an actionable
plan
Week 5:
February
15th
Informationa
l
Interviewing
Upload a document to
Blackboard by
Wednesday, February
17th at 11:59pm
containing your
questions and answers
through the
informational interview
as well as an executive
summary with key
takeaways from the
experience
Week 6:
February
22nd
Job Search
Review the job
Process and
search process
Cover Letters Learn how to
write an
effective,
tailored cover
letter
Week 7:
February
29th
Phone and
In-Person
Interviews
Discuss
various
interviewing
methods
including
Behavioral
Interviewing
and Standard
Interviewing
Learn steps
you can take to
increase your
confidence in
an interview
setting
Interview exercise
students will be paired
with a student not in their
organization. Students
will switch off asking and
answering questions.
After three questions
have been
asked/answered, the
interviewer will provide
feedback before
switching.
Online scavenger hunt
will be completed in
organization groups.
Students will be charged
with finding 5 industry-
specific interview
questions mentioned
online in articles or
forums that certain
employers have asked
Week 8:
March 7th
Week 9:
March
14th
Spring Break
Managing
Life after
Graduate
School
Receiving a job
offer
Evaluating
alternatives
Decision making
Well-being
View and complete
module lecture 12:
Work/Life balance
Managing Life After
Stress management
Graduate School
How to manage
Work in groups to
define well-being
for you
Exercise around stress
management
Students will begin
crafting their wellbeing strategy sections
of their career action
plan
Continue to
Students will work
add/update your career
with a partner to
action plan. You
provide/gain feedback
should now include:
on their career action
monthly budget plan,
plans
first 90 days goals, and Students can also use
well-being priorities
this time to ask the
sections
instructor any
questions or begin
putting together the
presentation
Finals
Block
Performance
Evaluation
meeting with
instructor
If at any time the organization feels that they cannot work together to resolve differences, the
instructor will serve as the CEO and make the final decision as to whether or not the student
is to remain at the organization.
Online Modules
This course will rely on a series of 12 online lecture-based modules. The modules are as
follows:
Module 1: Graduate Student Career Transition
Module 2: Creating a Compelling Masters/PhD Resume
Module 3: The Importance of Networking
Module 4: Preparing for the Career Fair
Module 5: Elements of a Good Search Strategy
Module 6: Informational Interviewing
Module 7: Job Search Strategies
Module 8: Interviewing
Module 9: Receiving the Offer
Module 10: The First 90 Days
Module 11: Financial Planning
Module 12: Managing Life After Graduate School
Below is a link to Module 4: Preparing for the Career Fair, an example of what students
would complete as homework before attending class.
http://www.gmu.edu/depts/ucs/careerFairs/FairPrep.swf
Students will be broken into pairs within their organization to review and provide
feedback to the cover letter drafts
As a full organization group, students will review different kinds of job advertisements,
break them down into component parts, and practice using hard and soft skills to answer
them effectively and get noticed by employers
Interview exercise students will be paired with a student not in their
organization. Students will switch off asking and answering questions. After three
questions have been asked/answered, the interviewer will provide feedback before
switching.
Online interview scavenger hunt exercise - students will be charged with finding 5
industry-specific interview questions mentioned online in articles or forums that certain
employers have asked
Job offer evaluation exercise - each organization will be given three job offers, evaluate
them, and present to the class making the argument why one job offer is better than the
others
Ideal Job Offer exercise - students will first write their ideal job offer and then begin
removing or decreasing one element at a time helping to prioritize what is most
important to them
First 90 Days exercise - students will work with their organization to reflect on their
"fist 40 days" working together in class drawing connections to what they've learned
and identifying strategies used or things they could have done differently to be more
successful
Financial simulation exercise: All students will be given parameters (i.e.
salary=$50,000) and expected to create a monthly budget, find an affordable place to
live, decide how much to contribute to a 401k, etc.
Exercise around stress management and well-being - "what if" scenarios will force
students to choose how they would deal with failure, struggle, and difficult times
Recent graduate panel and networking
Continued career action plan development - students will work with a partner to
provide/gain feedback on their career action plans
Marketing Strategy
Timeline:
The marketing strategy will be implemented around two key time periods
Messaging:
Students/Faculty/Staff
Enroll in the NEW Graduate Students College to Career Course!
2-Credits
Open to all Masters and PhD level students
Flipped Structure
This course is designed specifically for graduate students seeking to pursue careers in
professional industry. This course is focused on developing specific competencies that include:
career selection, job search activities, resume and cover letter development, professional
networking techniques, and behavioral interviewing skills.
Admissions Staff/Prospective Students
76.8% of Mason graduate receive employment opportunities at the time of graduation. A
strong connection between college and career helps prepare graduate students for the working
world beyond academe. As a student in the Higher Education program, you will have access to
experienced faculty, a nationally recognized career services office, and an innovative College
to Career flipped course. The one credit class is highly encouraged for all students considering
careers in professional industry as it focuses on developing specific competencies that include:
career selection, job search activities, resume and cover letter development, professional
networking techniques, and behavioral interviewing skills.
Target Audience:
The target audience is all graduate students seeking to pursue professional careers in industry
after graduation. Although this course is best suited for students in their final year as a graduate
student, it can be taken at any time during their studies.
Collateral/Channels:
1. Flyers Flyers will be posted in student centers, academic advising offices, graduate
student life study/writing/lounge areas, and the career services office.
2. Social Media Social media posts will be encouraged by all academic departments to
encourage their graduate students to enroll.
3. Email Marketing Email marketing will be one of the largest components of the
course marketing strategy. All departments have graduate listservs that can be
leveraged to send messages promoting the course.
4. Faculty/Staff Outreach Faculty and staff are the most influential members of the
students environment. They trust their instructors and advisors and look to them for
advice on what courses to take, research to pursue, etc. Creating buy-in with the faculty
and ensuring they understand the importance and positive impact this course can have
on their students is critical to the success of the marketing efforts.
5. Testimonials - After year one, testimonials will be used in marketing materials to
further encourage students to enroll in the course.
Pre Survey
Pre Survey
Q1 What are your post-graduation goals?
[Textbox]
Required answers: 0
Allowed answers: 1
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Q4 I have identified my future job target/career field (location, industry, and job function).
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Agree
Strongly agree
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Q10 I am confident that I can successfully evaluate job offers (salary, benefit options, etc.)
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Q12 I am confident that I will be able to effectively manage my finances after graduation.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Next Page: Sequential
Page - 3
Q13 Can you explain the four-step job process?
Yes (text box)
No I am unfamiliar
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Q15 Can you explain the steps you should take following an interview? If yes, please explain:
Yes (text box)
No I am unfamiliar
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Q16 Can you describe various factors to consider in evaluating a job offer? If yes, please
describe:
Yes (text box)
No I am unfamiliar
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
End Survey
Post Survey
Post Survey
Q1 What are your post-graduation goals? Have they changed since you started this course?
[Textbox]
Required answers: 0
Allowed answers: 1
Next Page: Sequential
Page - 2
Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements:
Q3 I can effectively communicate how my skills, experiences, and strengths may be
relevant to my major and/or career choices.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Q4 I have identified my future job target/career field (location, industry, and job function).
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Strongly agree
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Q10 I am confident that I can successfully evaluate job offers (salary, benefit options, etc.)
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Q12 I am confident that I will be able to effectively manage my finances after graduation.
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Strongly agree
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Next Page: Sequential
Allowed answers: 1
Q14 Can you explain the STAR formula? If yes, please explain:
Yes (text box)
No I am unfamiliar
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Q15 Can you explain the steps you should take following an interview? If yes, please explain:
Yes (text box)
No I am unfamiliar
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Q16 Can you describe various factors to consider in evaluating a job offer? If yes, please
describe:
Yes (text box)
No I am unfamiliar
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
End Survey
Page - 4
Q17 How satisfied were you with the flipped format of this course?
Very satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Very Dissatisfied
Required answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Allowed answers: 1
Q20 What part of the flipped classroom would you like to see changed? How could the
format be improved?
(text box)
Required answers: 1
End Survey
Allowed answers: 1
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