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INDICE
EJERCICIO -DATOS DE PROYECTO............................................................................2
1.
2.
3.
C = f(t)...........................................2
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4
CUADRO DE DECISIONES..................................................................................... 9
1.5
Y =ab
...................................5
Y =a+b ln X ...........................7
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
CUADRO-TOMA DE DECISIONES:........................................................................18
2.5.
C = f(Y)..................19
3.1
3.2
3.2.
3.3.
CUADRO DE DECISIONES................................................................................... 26
3.4.
Y =ab
.................................22
Y =a+b ln X .........................24
UPAO
EJERCICIO -DATOS
En un proyecto debe hacerse
la produccin para poder
insatisfecha. Se tiene la
1. CONSUMO EN
TIEMPO: C = f(t)
DE PROYECTO
AOS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
55
1.1.
CONSUM
O
68.675
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.840
619.721
688.602
3786.38
2
AOS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
55
CONSUM
O
68.675
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.84
619.721
688.602
3786.38
un planeamiento a lo largo de
determinar la demanda
siguiente informacin.
FUNCION DEL
Y=a+bx
X^2
Y^2
XY
1
4
9
16
25
36
49
64
81
100
385
4716.255625
18921.65314
42615.8221
75798.89986
118472.2632
170634.2602
232284.4777
303424.7056
384054.1178
474172.7144
1825095.17
68.675
275.112
619.308
1101.264
1720.99
2478.474
3373.713
4406.72
5577.489
6886.02
26507.7
UPAO
65
Parmetros:
b=
n XY X Y 10 ( 26507.765 )( 55 ) (3786.382 )
=
=68.8807758
n X 2 ( X ) 2
10 ( 385 )( 55 )2
a=
Y
X 3786.382
55
b
=
( 68.8807758 ) =0.20606667
n
n
10
10
La ecuacin queda:
Y =0.20606667+68.8807758 X
C ( t )=0.20606667+68.8807758 t
Coeficiente de correlacin:
X
n Y 2
n X 2
n XY X Y
r=
10 ( 6507.765 ) (55)(3786.382)
Coeficiente de Determinacin:
Ing. Rodrguez Justiniano, Holger Pgina 3
=1.00000
UPAO
r 2=(1.00000)2 =1.00000=10.00
r
1.00000
( k1)
(21)
F=
=
=1604917680911.59000
2
(1r ) (11.00000)
(102)
( N K )
UPAO
AOS
CONSUMO
(EN MILES)
68.675
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.84
619.721
688.602
757.48
826.36
895.24
964.12
1033.01
1101.89
1170.77
1239.65
1308.53
1377.41
1446.29
1515.17
1584.05
1652.93
1721.81
DEMAN
DA
DEMAN
DA
1.2.
AOS
CONSUM
O
68.675
137.556
log Y
1.836798
7
2.138479
Y =ab x
X^2
XlogY
(log Y)^2
1.8367987
3.3738293
4.2769591
4.5730947
UPAO
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.84
619.721
10
688.602
55
3786.38
2
5
2.314785
4
2.439831
5
2.536808
3
2.616033
1
2.683010
1
2.741025
5
2.792196
2
2.837968
3
24.937
6.9443563
5.3582316
16
9.7593258
5.9527775
25
12.6840417
6.4353966
36
15.6961987
6.8436293
49
18.7810707
7.1985432
64
21.9282038
7.5132206
81
25.1297659
7.7963597
100
28.3796828
8.0540640
385
145.416
63.099
Parmetros
logb=
0.10016
b=10
n X log Y X logY
n X 2 ( X )
10 ( 145.416 )( 55 )( 24.937 )
=0.10016
2
10 ( 385 )( 55 )
=1.25939
log a=
10
10
a=101.94281=87.66176
La ecuacin queda:
Y =87.66176 1.25939
Coeficiente de Correlacin:
n X log Y X logY
[n X ( X ) ][ n ( log Y ) ( logY ) ]
2
UPAO
=0.9515581
Coeficiente de Determinacin:
r 2=( 0.9515581 )2=0.90546282=90.546
PRUEBA F (ANLISIS DE VARIANZA):
2
r
0.90546282
( k 1 )
( 21 )
F=
=
=76.62279
2
( 1r ) ( 10.90546282 )
( 102 )
( NK )
DEMAN
DA
AOS
CONSUMO (EN
MILES)
68.675
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.84
619.721
688.602
1108.10
1395.53
1757.51
2213.40
2787.53
3510.59
4421.21
DEMAN
Ing. Rodrguez Justiniano,
Holger Pgina 7
DA
UPAO
1.3.
5568.03
7012.33
8831.26
11122.01
14006.97
17640.25
22215.97
27978.60
CONSUM
O
68.675
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.84
619.721
10
688.602
55
3786.38
2
AOS
Y =a+b ln X
ln X
(ln X)^2
Y^2
Y*lnX
0
0.693147
2
1.098612
3
1.386294
4
1.609437
9
1.791759
5
1.945910
1
2.079441
5
2.197224
6
2.302585
1
4716.255625
0
95.34655
4
226.7931
3
381.6690
2
553.9653
1
740.1382
1
937.8489
1
1145.439
6
1361.666
2
1585.564
7
7028.43
2
15.104
0.480453 18921.65314
1.206949
42615.8221
1.921812
75798.89986
1
2.590290
118472.2632
4
3.210402 170634.2602
3.786566
3
4.324077
1
4.827795
8
5.301898
1
27.650
232284.4777
303424.7056
384054.1178
474172.7144
1825095.17
0
Parmetros:
b=
n (Y ( ln X )) ln X Y
2
n ( ln X ) ( ln X )
2
UPAO
10
10
Y =30.31371+270.74996 ln X
La ecuacin queda:
Coeficiente de Correlacin:
r=
n (ln X )Y ln X Y
][
n ( ln X ) ( ln X ) n ( Y ) ( Y )
=0.95166
Coeficiente de Determinacin:
r 2=( 0.95166 )2=0.90566=90.566
r
( k 1 )
0.90566
(21 )
F=
=
=76.80031
2
( 1r ) ( 10.90566 )
( 102 )
( NK )
Como el valor de nuestro estadstico de prueba est en la regin de rechazo,
entonces se puede asumir que las varianzas son diferentes entre las variable.
PROYECCIN DEL CONSUMO:
Entonces el consumo por el modelo doble logartmico en los siguientes 10
aos ser:
AOS
1
2
3
4
Ing. Rodrguez Justiniano, Holger Pgina 9
DEMAN
DA
CONSUM
O (EN
MILES)
68.675
137.556
206.436
275.316
DEMAND
A
1.4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
UPAO
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.84
619.721
688.602
618.92
642.47
664.15
684.21
702.89
720.36
736.78
752.25
766.89
780.78
793.99
806.59
818.62
830.14
841.20
CUADRO DE DECISIN
MODELO
r
1.00000
r2
1.00000
LINEAL
SEMILOGARITM 0.95155810 0.9054628
ICO
1
2
LOGARITMICO
0.95166
0.90566
DOBLE
F
1604917680911.5
9000
DECISIN
X
76.62279
76.80031
1.5
GRAFICA DE LA DEMANDA CON RESPETO AL TIEMPO DE LOS
TRES MODELOS
UPAO
1000
500
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
AOS
LINEAL
LOGARITMICO
UPAO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
POBLACION(MI
LES)
0.265
0.531
0.797
1.062
1.328
1.594
1.86
2.126
2.391
2.657
55
14.611
AOS
2.1
CONSUM
O
68.675
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.84
619.721
688.602
3786.38
2
Y=a+bx
POBLACION
CONSUMO
X^2
Y^2
0.265
68.675
0.070225
4716.255625
0.531
137.556
0.281961
18921.65314
0.797
206.436
0.635209
42615.8221
1.062
275.316
1.127844
75798.89986
1.328
344.198
1.763584
118472.2632
1.594
413.079
2.540836
170634.2602
1.86
481.959
3.4596
232284.4777
2.126
550.84
4.519876
303424.7056
2.391
619.721
5.716881
384054.1178
2.657
688.602
7.059649
474172.7144
14.611
3786.382
27.1756
65
1825095.17
Parmetros:
XY
18.19887
5
73.04223
6
164.5294
9
292.3855
9
457.0949
4
658.4479
3
896.4437
4
1171.085
8
1481.752
9
1829.615
5
7042.59
707
a=
Y
X 3786.382
14.611
b
=
( 259.168735 )
=0.033238692
n
n
10
10
La ecuacin queda:
Coeficiente de correlacin:
X
n Y 2
n X 2
n XY X Y
r=
Coeficiente de Determinacin:
r 2=(1.00000)2 =1.00000=10
UPAO
Y =0.033238692+259.168735 X
UPAO
DEMAN
DA
DEMAN
DA
AOS
POBLACI
ON
CONSUMO (EN
MILES)
0.265
68.675
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
0.531
0.797
1.062
1.328
1.594
1.86
2.126
2.391
2.657
3.35
4.21
5.31
6.68
8.41
10.59
13.34
16.80
21.16
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.84
619.721
688.602
867.11
1091.92
1375.01
1731.51
2180.42
2745.72
3457.58
4353.99
5482.80
UPAO
2.2.
26.64
33.55
42.24
53.20
66.99
84.35
6904.27
8694.26
10948.32
13786.77
17361.10
21862.11
POBLACION
CONSUMO
log Y
X^2
XlogY
0.265
68.675
1.8367987
0.070225
0.4867516
0.531
137.556
2.1384795
0.281961
1.1355326
0.797
206.436
2.3147854
0.635209
1.8448840
1.062
275.316
2.4398315
1.127844
2.5911010
1.328
344.198
2.5368083
1.763584
3.3688815
1.594
413.079
2.6160331
2.540836
4.1699568
1.86
481.959
2.6830101
3.4596
4.9903988
2.126
550.84
2.7410255
4.519876
5.8274201
2.391
619.721
2.7921962
5.716881
6.6761411
2.657
688.602
2.8379683
7.059649
7.5404817
14.611
3786.382
24.937
27.1756
65
38.632
(log
Y)^2
3.373829
3
4.573094
7
5.358231
6
5.952777
5
6.435396
6
6.843629
3
7.198543
2
7.513220
6
7.796359
7
8.054064
0
63.099
UPAO
Parmetros:
logb=
0.37686
b=10
log a=
n X 2( X )
=2.38158
1.94306
a=10
n X log Y X log Y
10
10
=87.7115316053753
La ecuacin queda:
Y =87.7115316053753 2.38158 X
Coeficiente de Correlacin:
r=
n X log Y X logY
[n X ( X ) ][ n ( log Y ) ( logY ) ]
2
Coeficiente de Determinacin:
r 2=( 0.951566349 )2=0.905478517=90.55
PRUEBA F (ANLISIS DE VARIANZA)
r2
( k 1 )
0.905478517
( 21 )
F=
=
=76.63684
( 1r 2) ( 10.905478517 )
( 102 )
( NK )
=0.951566349
UPAO
POBLACI
ON
DEMAN
DA
DEMAN
DA
2.3.
UPAO
0.265
68.675
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.531
0.797
1.062
1.328
1.594
1.86
2.126
2.391
2.657
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.84
619.721
688.602
11
3.35
1599.52
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
4.21
5.31
6.68
8.41
10.59
13.34
16.80
21.16
26.64
33.55
42.24
53.20
66.99
25
84.35
3395.43
8760.99
28902.67
129932.49
862453.33
9351210.01
188090070.99
8237694105.14
961172047776.50
385195152867606.00
730090569578878000.00
9791294729667930000000.00
1543048614241310000000000000.00
541278176467189000000000000000000
0.00
POBLACI CONSUM
ON
O
0.265
68.675
0.531
137.556
0.797
206.436
ln X
(ln X)^2
1.763651
1.328025
6
5
0.400680
0.632993
5
3
0.051483
Y^2
Y*lnX
4716.255625
91.20214798
18921.65314
87.07202056
42615.8221
-46.8404523
UPAO
1.062
275.316
1.328
344.198
1.594
413.079
1.86
481.959
2.126
550.84
2.391
619.721
2.657
688.602
14.611
3786.38
2
0.226900
6
0.060153
9
0.283674
1
0.466246
6
0.620576
5
0.754242
3
0.871711
7
0.977197
7
9
0.003618
5
75798.89986
16.56133742
0.080471
118472.2632
97.64004102
170634.2602
192.5966712
232284.4777
299.0924234
303424.7056
415.4668175
384054.1178
540.2180393
474172.7144
672.9002677
1825095.17
0
2009.361
0.217385
9
0.385115
2
0.568881
4
0.759881
3
0.954915
3
1.846
5.186
PARAMETROS
b=
n (Y (ln X )) ln X Y
2
n ( ln X ) ( ln X )
2
a=
10 ( 2009.361 )( 15.104 )( 82 )
=270.45258
10 ( 5.186 )( 1.846 )2
10
10
La ecuacin queda:
Y =328.71581+270.45258 ln X
Coeficiente de Correlacin:
r=
n (ln X )Y ln X Y
[n ( ln X ) ( ln X ) ][ n ( Y ) ( Y ) ]
2
Coeficiente de Determinacin:
2
r =( 0.95154 ) =0.90544=90.544
=0.95154
UPAO
0.95154
( 21 )
F=
=
=76.59914
2
( 1r ) ( 10.95154 )
(102 )
( NK )
Como el valor de nuestro estadstico de prueba est en la regin de rechazo,
entonces se puede asumir que las varianzas son diferentes entre las variable.
PROYECCIN DEL CONSUMO:
Entonces el consumo por el modelo doble logartmico en los siguientes 10
aos ser:
DEMAN
DA
DEMAN
DA
AOS
POBLACI
ON
CONSUMO
(EN MILES)
0.265
68.675
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
0.531
0.797
1.062
1.328
1.594
1.86
2.126
2.391
2.657
3.35
4.21
5.31
6.68
8.41
10.59
13.34
16.80
21.16
26.64
33.55
42.24
53.20
66.99
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.84
619.721
688.602
655.35
717.69
780.04
842.38
904.73
967.07
1029.42
1091.76
1154.11
1216.45
1278.80
1341.15
1403.49
1465.84
2.4.
84.35
UPAO
1528.18
CUADRO-TOMA DE DECISIONES:
MODELO
r2
LINEAL
SEMILOGARITMICO
LOGARITMICO
DOBLE
1.00000
0.95157
1.00000
0.90548
62129281.20114
76.63684
0.95154
0.90544
76.59914
DECISI
N
X
2.5.
GRFICA: CONSUMO CON RESPECTO A LA POBLACION DE LOS
TRES MODELO:
2
4
6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90
8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88
POBLACION
LINEAL
LOGARITMICO
UPAO
decisiones como ltimo paso, y sugerimos utilizar el Modelo Lineal, para obtener
as ptimos resultados
PROMEDI CONSUM sobre la demanda con
AOS
O
O
respecto a la poblacin.
3. CONSUMO EN
INGRESO
f(Y)
PROME
DIO
3.1
513.72
342.30
513.72
685.13
856.55
1017.97
1199.39
1370.81
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
513.72
342.30
513.72
685.13
856.55
1017.97
1199.39
1370.81
1542.23
1713.64
55
9755.45
CONSU
MO
X^2
68.675
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.840
263904.1
3
117168.6
1
263904.1
3
469405.8
6
733683.0
4
1036265
1438531.
6
1879109.
1
1542.23
2378458
619.721
Ing. Rodrguez Justiniano, Holger Pgina 22
2936575.
1713.64
688.602
8
3786.38 115170
9755.45
2
05.1
68.675
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.840
619.721
688.602
3786.38
2
Y^2
FUNCION DEL
PROMEDIO: C =
XY
4716.255 35279.44
6
6
MODELO DE
18921.65 47085.28 REGRESION
3
1
LINEAL:
42615.82 106049.4
2
8
75798.9
188627.8
118472.2
6
170634.2
6
232284.4
8
303424.7
1
384054.1
2
474172.7
1
182509
5.17
294823.8
3
420502.4
4
578055.8
4
755094.7
8
955749.2
2
1180018.
7
456128
6.8
Parmetros:
b=
n XY X Y 10 ( 4561286.8 )(9755.45)(3786.382)
=
=0.4337234
n X 2( X )2
10 ( 11517005 ) (1825095)2
a=
Y
X 3786.382
9755.45
b
=
( 0.4337234 )
=44.478456
n
n
10
10
La ecuacin queda:
Y =44.47856+ 0.4337234 X
C ( t )=44.47856+0.4337234 t
Coeficiente de correlacin:
n Y 2
n X 2
n XY X Y
r=
UPAO
UPAO
Coeficiente de Determinacin:
r 2=(0.98043)2=0.96124=96.1
r
0.98043
( k1)
(21)
F=
=
=198.40827
2
(1r ) (10.98043)
(102)
( N K )
AOS
1
2
3
4
5
DEMAN
6
DA
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
DEMAN
DA
18
19
20
21
Ing. Rodrguez Justiniano, 22
Holger
23
24
25
513.72
342.30
513.72
685.13
856.55
1017.97
1199.39
1370.81
1542.23
1713.64
1933.04
2180.52
2459.69
2774.60
3129.82
3530.52
3982.53
4492.40
5067.55
5716.34
6448.19
Pgina 24
7273.74
8204.98
9255.44
10440.39
CONSUM
O (EN
MILES)
68.675
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.840
619.721
688.602
793.93
901.26
1022.35
1158.93
1313.00
1486.79
1682.84
1903.98
2153.44
2434.83
2752.25
3110.31
3514.21
3969.82
4483.76
UPAO
3.2
O
9755.45
68.675
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.840
619.721
688.602
3786.38
2
log Y
1.83680
2.13848
2.31479
2.43983
2.53681
2.61603
2.68301
2.74103
2.79220
2.83797
24.937
X^2
263904.1
3
117168.6
1
263904.1
3
469405.8
6
733683.0
4
1036265
1438531.
6
1879109.
1
2378458
2936575.
8
1151700
5.1
Parmetros
XlogY
(log
Y)^2
943.5929
3.37383
731.9994
4.57309
1189.142
3
1671.606
6
2172.910
8
2663.045
8
3217.970
1
3757.414
2
4306.194
8
4863.267
3
25517.1
44
Y =ab
5.35823
5.95278
6.43540
6.84363
7.19854
7.51322
7.79636
8.05406
63.099
MODEL
DE
n X log Y X log Y
n X 2 ( X )
UPAO
b=100.00059=1.00137
log a=
10
10
a=101.91326 =81.89565
La ecuacin queda:
Y =81.89565 1.00137
Coeficiente de Correlacin:
r=
n X log Y X logY
][
n X 2( X ) n ( log Y ) ( logY )
=0.8801252
Coeficiente de Determinacin:
r 2=( 0.8801252 )2=0.7746204=77.46
r
( k 1 )
0.7746204
( 21 )
F=
=
=27.495647
2
( 1r ) ( 10.7746204 )
( 102 )
( NK )
PROYECCIN DEL CONSUMO:
Entonces el consumo por el modelo semilogartmico en los siguientes 10
aos ser:
Ing. Rodrguez Justiniano, Holger Pgina 26
DEMAN
DA
DEMAN
DA
3.3
AOS
INGRESOS
CONSUMO (EN
MILES)
513.72
68.675
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
342.30
513.72
685.13
856.55
1017.97
1199.39
1370.81
1542.23
1713.64
1933.04
2180.52
2459.69
2774.60
3129.82
3530.52
3982.53
4492.40
5067.55
5716.34
6448.19
7273.74
8204.98
9255.44
10440.39
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.840
619.721
688.602
1157.14
1624.18
2380.86
3665.20
5962.81
10324.35
19177.76
38562.42
84794.92
206246.79
562115.37
1741854.51
6238551.13
26308260.22
133388652.17
UPAO
Y =a+b ln X
UPAO
68.675
137.556
206.436
275.316
344.198
413.079
481.959
550.840
619.721
688.602
3786.38
2
ln X
(ln X)^2
Y^2
Y*lnX
6.24167
38.95845
4716.2556
3
18921.653
1
42615.822
1
75798.899
9
118472.26
3
428.6467
3
802.7334
3
1288.505
51
1797.706
53
2324.340
25
2860.806
17
3416.880
48
3978.802
24
4549.360
37
5127.590
35
26575.3
72
5.83568
34.05522
6.24167
38.95845
6.52961
42.63583
6.75292
45.60188
6.92557
47.96347 170634.26
7.08957
50.26196
7.22315
52.17396
7.34098
53.89001
7.44638
55.44854
67.627
459.948
232284.47
8
303424.70
6
384054.11
8
474172.71
4
1825095.
170
Parmetros:
b=
n (Y (ln X )) ln X Y
2
n ( ln X )2( ln X )
a=
La ecuacin queda:
10
10
Y =2138.30509+372.17914 ln X
Coeficiente de Correlacin:
n (ln X )Y ln X Y
[n ( ln X ) ( ln X ) ][ n ( Y ) ( Y ) ]
2
UPAO
=0.95994
Coeficiente de Determinacin:
r 2=( 0.95994 )2=0.92148=92.148
Prueba F (anlisis de Varianza)
r2
( k 1 )
0.92148
( 21 )
F=
=
=93.88075
2
( 1r ) ( 10.92148 )
( 102 )
( NK )
Como el valor de nuestro estadstico de prueba est en la regin de rechazo,
entonces se puede asumir que las varianzas son diferentes entre las variable.
PROYECCIN DEL CONSUMO:
Entonces el consumo por el modelo doble logartmico en los siguientes 10
aos ser:
AOS
DEMAN
DA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
INGRES CONSUMO
OS
(EN MILES)
513.72
68.675
342.30
137.556
513.72
206.436
685.13
275.316
856.55
344.198
1017.97 413.079
1199.39 481.959
1370.81 550.840
1542.23 619.721
1713.64 688.602
1933.04
677.92
2180.52
722.75
2459.69
767.59
2774.60
812.43
3129.82
857.26
3530.52
902.10
3982.53
946.94
DEMAN
Ing. Rodrguez Justiniano,
Holger Pgina 29
DA
UPAO
3.4
4492.40
5067.55
5716.34
6448.19
7273.74
8204.98
9255.44
10440.3
9
991.77
1036.61
1081.45
1126.28
1171.12
1215.96
1260.79
1305.63
CUADRO DE DECISIONES
MODELO
0.98043
LINEAL
SEMILOGARITMI 0.88012
CO
52
LOGARITMICO
0.95994
DOBLE
3.5
GRAFICA DEL
PROMEDIO:
r2
F
DECISIN
198.408
0.96124
27
X
27.4956
0.774620389
7
93.8807
0.92148
5
CONSUMO CON RESPECTO AL INGRESO
2000.000
1000.000
0.000
0.00
2000.00
4000.00
6000.00
INGRESO
LINEAL
LOGARITMICO
8000.00
10000.00 12000.00
UPAO