OPERATIONAL

AMPLIFIER
BEC lab

What is an operational
amplifier

Differential amplifier
Large gain
High input resistance
Low output resistance

Symbol

v1

v2
v0= A(v2-v1)

v0

Single input inverting

amplifier
-

v1
v2

v0

v0= -Av1
A = 200000
v1 = 1 mv
v0 = - 200 volts?
No: Limited by power supply
voltage

Non inverting amplifier

-

v1
v2

v0

v0 = Av2
v0 = 12 volts
v2 = 12/200000 = 60
microvolts

Open loop circuit to convert sine

waveform to square waveform

Waveforms

Inverting amplifier (Closed

loop)

OPAM circuit analysis

v0= A(v2-v1)
Since A is large v2-v1 is
very small
For simplified analysis
we assume that v2=v1
Input current is
neglected since input
resistance is large

Inverting amplifier (Closed

loop)

Voltage of the inverting terminal is close to ground

vin
Current through R1
R1
Same current flows through R2
since input resistance of OPAM is very high
vin
v0
R2
R1

Non inverting amplifier

Apply Current law at inverting terminal

vin
vout vin

:
R1
R2
vout

R2
vin 1
R1

IC 741

Equivalent circuit of OPAmp

Ri = 2 Mohms
R0 = 75 ohms
A = 200000
Gain Bandwidth
product = 1 MH
Slew rate = 0.5
volts/microsecon
d