Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
.
OF
C H I E F OF
STAFF,
1
MANUSCRIPT F I L E
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H I
_ -*
...be*&
HEADQUARTERS
E U R O P E A N COMMAkD
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4.
A "ation
b%e68
h-
OCCupatiOrt
worked.
5. It
ie recolPleendsd that:
a.
b.
c.
SUSJ5CT:
TO
A l l concerned
1.
I1
LUCm8 D. C U Y
General, USA
CoEmanderrin-Chief
- ..__
__
g-43,f
41
31
The F i r s t Y e a r
o f t h e Occupation
e/
/86e2,
O F F I C E OF T
F R A N K F U R T - A @ - MAIN, G E R M A N Y
is47
PART ONE
The Transition
f r o m Combat to
Military Occupation
(8 May
- 17 July 1945)
1945
Chief Historian
Chief Archivist
- 1947
..................
..................
G i l l e tt !Mewold
Col.onel A.C.M.
Rxemtive
.-__
-Cfftcers
--_--L t . C o l o n e l K d c o l n S. Eekin, FA; Lt. C o l o i e l John E. Ulmer, Inf;
-Chip3 Ristoricel
C o n a m
* doseph a, S t a n , Ph.D.
Lmra Totme, M.A.;
Bditorial S t a f f
b d e l i n e E. Lannelle, 3.5.:
William E. Amis
X i l i t m y Staff
C ivilian Staff
* Charles 3. Caxpbell, A.3.;
Linda Bennett; * Arthur B. Burnet, A.B.;
Francis Cheee, X . S . ;
Robert W. Coaklep, N.A.;
* fiargeret L. Davis, A.B.;
Tbms A. Donovan, A.B.;
Sophie R. Dornbusch, M.S.;
Ruth !4cClun=;
Fleehmen; * Marcus :J. Fl.ogd, A.B.; MPrtbe Frey, A J . :
* Prederic X.
* F&r+aretL. Geis, 14.A.; * EernRrd v. %31, M.A.;
Gmzert, Ph.9.;
Kildred V. Heeter, A . 3 . : Kargot IIoffman; Virginia C-. Xritikoe, A.B.;
Porc?yyar ~ewa.nlloweki,>t.A.; !'!dter s. Long,
* 33.izc3eth s. L q y , I-:.-\.;
* Jooephina T. M e l m d y , A.B.;
(Cantab.);
*
Jean
3
.
Mdc01.71,
N.A.
A.P.;
* Dmsille J. Norris,
* Albert Yorrnan, 3.S.S.;
* George F. Kdler, M.A,;
B.S,;
* George J. Olezewdci; S e t t y O'Regm: * John C.E. Smith, B.A.
( Centab )
CHPIER
I:
CYLiTER
11:
CH.APTEil 111:
CHAFTEE
IV:
CHAPmL
V:
. . . . .. ...
Page
..... 1
The United States Forces on V-E Dw . . . . . . . . 32
The United S t a t e s Forces
Transition . . . .
47
The Assumption of the Occupation .Mission . . . . .
77
The Maturation of t h e Policies and Organization of
the
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
The Xaqpower Problem.. . , . . . . . . : . . . 128
The Defeat of Germany
(Iccupi+,icI!
CUAHER
VI:
CHAPTER VII:
WAPTFji
CH@TEt? IX:
..
.... . . . .
.. ..
of the Occupation
148
167
18.3
223
89
182
2.
The Bct
The
Of
S
i
.
prOVisiOId.
(b-
GO8-
(1)authorized
(;en,
An U d delegation
of the UmS.
t o speak.
ICLP)
After
granted pormirrian
reraark..
The
Marohal A. 91. Tedder signed for the Supreme ColiaPandsr and General
Zhukm for tha Soviet forces, with Gon, Jean Lattre de Tearim of
- 2 -
Str&OgiC
bir Force8 a6
WitlUO688m
3,
'hxt Of t h e kt Of S-w.
The
Qc-nt
3.
4.
-3-
Later, he
Arq
pnd
amid acposhg t h e i r t m p a
t o danger.
5.
Announcamant of t h e Surrender.
-4-
Europe,
was c0nt-g
in northern Tugoolavia,
\
reatem Latvia, Frame, &he Channel Islands, and &long t h e Elbe Rivmr
were still in German hands.
The l i t t l e
7.
a carsmuniqw
Dreadan, t h e l a s t large c i t y
- 5 -
I n A u s t r i a , the
8.
Cavitulation t o B r i t i s h Forces,
a.
part of t h e United Eingdom which had been in Nazi hands was liberated.
There was no adim resistance, but the Germans, who had held the
i s l a n d s since 20 June 1940, remained t h e r e u n t i l t h e b i t t e r end.
'phe
9 M q , on
b,
8180 on t h e " i n g
On ll May, a n a d l
women.
Col. Gen.
German authority i n
the area,
permiaaion.
(U)
9.
at uill.
Both t h e tlnited S t a t e r
and Soviet forces whose front. touched this t e r r i t o r y had order8 not
-7-
t o "invade" it.
olsn
o f f i c e r s and
It was several days before positions could be taken up, and meantims
t h e remnant of Geman troops
w88
in
s t a t e of desperation and
10.
a.
opposition.
land and
8ea
(17)
bo The 12th
Amy,
Riwr
ended on 18 April,(lg)
midnight. of
7 May. Enemy
The
movement t o Crechoslovakia.
The f o l l o d n g
t o one corpr on U, June and were entirely relieved twelve days later.(23)
12.
886
were ordered t o
b.
sane
Mas,
- 10 -
The i s l a n d of Helgohd
was f
On
Ui. May, a
On 16 May,
It was
Its
craft.(33)
-ll-
surrender.
Campaim
in Ceechoslovakia.
The
b.
-12-
surrender.
slovakia on 6 :
'
a
:,
Comcznciing generals
Final collapse
;SimJr
Group.(43)
Consequently, t h e
13
from t h e 1 2 t h
As late as 18 May, i n s t r u c t i o n s
Bs Csechslovakia
m r g e n c y c i v i l affairs detachwnts
were formed and equipped by t h e Third Army from service and combat
troops.
were issued
(h5)
Instructions
l4. A s s w t i o n of
d by t h e D(lnits % m m " n t n
and
N e m t i a t i o n s f o r Surrender.
Intelligence
-14-
In a broadcast to the
Gernaan nation on 1 May 19k5, Admiral Dclnitz stated that Hitler was
dead and that he had been nominated by Hitler t o succeed him as
Cermanyts Chancellor and Supreme Commander of the Wehrmacht.(48)
During the early days of May, emissaries o f the German High Command
and of the Dclnitz "Government" uere already conferring with Allied
France.
anl s%taneous
It was
- 15 -
t o consist of fourteen o f f i c e r s
1lQ
Branch,
o f f i c i a l s nas ordered:
1945 announcing t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n of t h e
mima, France.(53)
16. E d a b l i b n t at Flensburn of the Allied Control Partx.
I n the meantime, Supreme Headquarters had arranged t o set
up i t s c o n t r o l party at German High Commsnd Headquarters, t h e seat
of the DBnite Government, located at Flensburg, Germany, near t h e
Danish f r o n t i e r .
U May 19k5.(54)
- 16 -
made between the Allied Commands on t h e one hand, and the G e m Ugh
8 May 1945 and did not remain in t h e i r places and lay down t h e i r anw
as required by t h e Act
of Capitulation.
T h b matter
- 17 -
On
- 18 -
d.
places of employment.
1945.(63)
On 24 ?day it w a s decided t o
- 19 -
be taken.
On 18 May
b.
d Liaison Detachment
23 May 1945.
at R e h
c,
24 bfay 1945. A t loo0 hours on that date, Admiral Dbnitz and his
staff were summoned on board t h e former German luguy liner Patria,
t h e Headquarters of General. Rooks and his Supreme Headquartera Control
Party.
Flensburg, (69)
-20-
The Mbisterial
The setting up
1945.(74)
Contrpl of
Party of the German High Command North and the Allied Control Party
22.
It ncjs pinally
Land HessenW.(76)
The
ministries. (78)
23.
a.
Officers i n charge of
It w a e not considered
b.
- 23 -
on 5
January 1946.(82)
d of t h e
-24-
Peop$s
Instead,
Over-all r e g i s t r a t i o n of a temporary
The use of postal and telephone
The work
conqueror.
- 25 -
Military Government.
Others were t h e
nReich" flag
Deutsche Arbeiter-Partei.
Limit-
inflicted.
O r d i n a r y and
A l l cases involving
- 26 -
The only
facilities.
declared.
Violations of
f.
- 27 -
Government.
A l l foreign
26.
The Western
t h e seizure of control.
targets-the
i n f u l l control of t h e situation.
poison.
Her"
- 28 -
,411-r
eA
Wilhelm Keitel, iEulius Streicher, Col. Gen. dustzv Jodl, and fonner
labor minister Robert Ley were in custody.
a prisoner in Great Britain.
27.
and evaluations.
obvious.
Many appointments t o l o c a l
b.
These
- 29 -
difficult problems,
and shops
forth.
80
- 30 -
Great Brit*,
- 31 -
Chapter I1
THE STRUCTURE OF C O W D
29.
Machinery f o r Coordination.
A global conflict necessitating t h e highest degree of
command.
The U.S.
and Navy;
and separated
'
The Allied
"wo measures
- 32 -
assigned;
b.
Distribution of Personnel.
The
of t h e other nationality.
C.
Of t h e t w o sections of t h e
air operations.
- 33 -
comnders.
The
major coIIDpaLlcfs under the Supreme Headquarters were t h e 6th, lab, and
Arw
Group
32.
Headquarters.
- 34 -
subordinate commands, allocation of service troops, supply, transportation, construction, captured enemy materiel, employment of indigenous
33
Channels. of Command
- 35 -
THE EURO"
Acting chiefs of t h e
- 36 -
I n an attempt i n 1944 t o
37.
a.
On 15 U y
1947. (7)
b.
The functions of t h e
- 37 -
of Comrmmications Zone.
As w e l l as the
c3onmunications
*,while the
38.
- 38 -
Har Department.
After
The Theater
of t h e Communications Zone.
Functions o r i g i n a l l y assigned t o t h e
recommendations
He was a l s o
- 39 -
39.
The
The special s t a f f
V-E DAY
W . Order of Battle.
The V-E Day battle line, extending from southeast Germany
- 40 -
forty-two infantry, f o u r
a,
On t h e right, or
t h e XV Corps,
43.
-w-
Armies.
provincea;
of Germany.
a.
c o d :
The F i r s t
the
Inf'antry Divisions.
b.
the
t h e XX Corps, including t h e
the
d.
the
- 42 -
t h e XXIII Corps,
44.
The Reserve.
The F i r s t Allied Airborne Axmy, containing t h e 1 3 t h Airborne
The
t o i t s extreme northwestern t i p .
- 43 -
Advisory Commission.
The
Kreise
hausen;
and t h e necessary
Germany. (16)
47.
On 10
i n Austria.(20)
XWtemberg
Arqy on 7 June.(=)
Province by 27 June.(23)
The
-.(a)
- 45 -
49, Operations t o
According t o
Following a m e t i n g between
Marshal Zhukov and Lt. Cen. Lucius D. Clay in Berlin, detailed plans
The
19 September. (32)
50.
On 6 July t h e
first detachment of United States troops mved into Berlin and began
t o take over c o n t r o l of t h e United States Sector there,(34)
- 46 -
Plans
X.
forces in Czechoslovakia.(35)
I945
Bhine River;
Land Hessen e a s t of t h e
Enclave.(36)
.(37)
- 47 -
Chapter III
THE UNITED STAPFS FORCES IN "SITION
52.
second stage of t h e i r task, the aims and objectives of which had been
declared by Prime Minister Churchill, President Roosevelt, and Marshal
S t a l i n af'ter t h e Crimea Conference, as foUows:(l)
- 47 -
a l l the
The
It
was
assumed t h a t p a r t i a l demobilization
A l l ground forces,
C.
-48-
Since many
It was e s s e n t i a l for a
- 49 -
53.
54.
was the
U.S.
Instead
- 50
55.
The status
A special E 5 section
if policy
56.
Ad$"
of Co"nications
Zone F'unctions,
Communications
Germany.
57.
Ad.iustments in Deployment.
With the announcement on 16 July (13) of t h e termination of
The
Planning
- 52 -
.-,
Except f o r disarmament
58.
Depots,
- 53 -
Army Group.
59.
enclosures.
Lines of Communication.
transportation.
- 54 -
60.
Service Responsibilities
result i n confusion.
- 55 -
61.
Service Commands.
Troop units assigned t o the MilitarJT Pipelines Service,
After t h e
The Military
- 56 -
Zone.
Transportation agencies
b.
- 57 -
f.
g.
r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of t h e Corps of Engineers.
of ATmies.
As e a r l y
- 58 -
U.S.
64.
Redeploment of Armies.
On
22 May.(31)
Seventh
on 1 5 June,(32)
area on 7 July.(33)
65.
- 59'-
66.
Juls 1945.
1945. Before
O f these
The
Of
Indirect
progressing s a t i s f a c t o r i l y .
O f t h i s quota
Direct shipments t o
-60-
If equipment was
The forecast
Against a
VIII Corps, t h e 13th and 20th Armored Divisions, and t h e 2d, 4th,
5th, ah, 2&h, U t h , and 87th Infantry Divisions.(56)
- 61 -
68.
a.
areas. (58)
b.
i n national -ups
11,OOO,ooO,
Under t h e international
- 62 -
figure 4,800,000.
- 63 -
d.
On
- 64 -
The Prisoner-of-Fiar
camps,
','hen t h e surrender
- 65 -
rear i n a steady flotv by the end of March, and by 30 April l4,174 United
S t a t e s nationals had been recovered from eneay custody and returned
t o t h e Comunications Zone, sone of them having been l i b e r a t e d by t h e
Soviet forces and returned by way of Odessa.
The re-patriation of
On 15 March
73.
Treatment of O t h e r IJationalities,
The regulations issued by Supreme Headquarters provided for
Similar
Theater
- 66 -
Le Have.
74.
armies uncovered a similar number of fliers who had been shot down
but avoided capture.
75.
On 29 April
- 67 -
Europe.
8,935,400 of
2,397,300
77.
- 68 -
b.
They
repatriation.
As early as condAtions
the
(74) t h e Mrious m i l i t a r y
t h e s t a f f sections of Supreme
&
l.4
i
July);(77)
and t h e militarg
- 69 -
78.
Operations.
made p r i o r t o
These involved
The e a r l y stage
west of t h e Rhine.
The flow of
Early i n &l
these numbers
During April ~ 0 , o O O
By the end of
- 70 -
'
3R
0THE;R RESPONSIBILITIES
79.
AND OBLIGATIONS
a.
The first i n t e r n a t i o n a l
b.
M i l i t a r y bswnsibilities.
Supreme Headquarters i n s t r u c t e d a q group commanders
Suspects were
t o i d e n t i f y them as such.
hostfiities.
The r e s t r i c t i o n
- 71 -
t r i a l of war criminals.
by t h e authority appointing t h e c o d s s i o n .
This
war.(88)
C.
and June
Particularly
1945 w a s t h e h d i a t e interrogation of
- 72 -
Conmissioner on the
as U.S.
A month l a t e r , t h e Combined
T h i s authority w a s l a t e r
1945.(94)
Headquartars.(96)
- 73 -
officer.
became
1O,f&O,ooO
83.
- 74 -
On 1 2 June General
1945 a f u r t h e r relaxation
children,tl(lOl)
was permitted, a l l o w i n g
85.
Eulogio Ortiz, Maj. k n . Jose Beltran and Brig. Gen. Ramon Rodriguez,
arrived i n London 30 April.
1945 on
a t r i p which resulted i n an
- 75 -
on t h e Continent.
Senator W. Dahlquist of
I n t h e sane month
Thomas of t h e
Fbberg of
t h e Ford Motor Company, Gibson Carey of Yale and Tome, and B.R.
Deupree
- 76 -
Chapter IV
THE ASSWTION OF THE OCCUFJ~TIONhIISSIXjN
86.
Planning Grows.
The egencies planning for the military government of
the military
the U.S.
army groups.
- 77 -
Gousev of
88.
milit&
g o v e m n t duties.
related organizations.
- 78 -
$9,
Control Authority.
a.
formed iediately.(3)
b.
Gmup
Ely
Meanwme t h e F i f t e e n t h
Arw was
- 79 -
1945.(4)
general ( 5)
d.
Group Control
16 May 1945.(7)
Jefferson i n charge,
90.
Group
both bodies.
-80-
A f u r t h e r c l a r i f i c a t i o n of t h e relationship of the
Deputy Military Governor and the U.S. Group Control Council (Germany)
t o t h e Theater staff was issued on 29 April 1945.(10)
So f a r as
IiND
- 81 -
A Control
vote of t h e Council b e r a .
92.
German Govenunant.
i n t h e victorious powers.
W ~ St o
be vested
area of German t e r r i t o r y .
of a r t i c l e s s e t f o r t h t h e following requirements:
A series
t h e surrender t d
Any f a i l u r e on t h e part of
- 82 -
1945,
planned f o r
4 July.(l3)
Accordingly, t h e preliminary
94.
- 83 -
jointly.(l7)
95.
96.
On t h e municipal l e v e l t h i s was, in
The
The comrnandant
with t h e policies o f t h e K o m d a t u r a .
rotated among t h e four commandants.
-84-
Planning,
- 85 -
Events e a r l y i n April
d.
1945
f o r Austria,
Meanwhile, t h e weakening
t h e south.
98.
of which
Consequthtly, t h e i r
sanm? lines as
Germany.(a)
J
- 86 -
99.
On 5 July
15th
Forces Austria.(28)
6 July t o t h e new*
the
T h i s provision
General Clark
OA
Thus, the
-87-
101.
the R e a l i m e n t of Command.
a.
b.
The B r i t i s h
The A r q Detachment of
It was
The
----- 1945, a
ordered e f f e c t i v e as of 16 July
.
.
-
The
- 89 -
I
'
Chapter V
THE MATURATION OF THE WUCIES AND ORGlrNIZATION OF THE OCCUPATION
102.
a.
t o m j u s t east o f Potsdam.
- 90 -
i n Babelsberg;
Babelsberg was 13 July, two days before the date scheduled f o r the
arrival of t h e f i r s t conferees.
&e
3,500, would
103. Sessions,
The Tripartite Conference popularly known as the Potsdam
Conference, opened on 17 July 1945, when the President of t h e United
States, Harry S. Truman, t h e Chairman of the Council of People's
Commissars of t h e Union of Soviet S o c i a l i s t Republics, J.V.
Stalin,
Clement R. Attlee,soon
Attlee, as t h e
- 91 -
10k.
2ih-Y eement s
In the Tripartite
I n addition, c e r t a i n
a.
P o l i t i c a l Principles.
The agreement provided f o r the general denazification
Efforts
Economic Principles.
(4)
92
C.
Reparations.
Reparation claims of each of t h e occupying powers w e r e
The Soviet
peace
d.
Treatment of
as possible. (7)
e
I n t e r n a t i o n a l Policy.
Agreement was reached on c e r t a i n rcatters of i n t e r n a t i o n a l
policy.
f u t u r e boundary
- 93 -
The governments
(9)
105.
a.
94
&my
b.
I n December, United
C.
on ll Novamber,
d.
air force.(l9)
of the &h,
- 95 -
106.
Preliminaries t o t h e Chanae.
The functions of t h e chiefs of services had been defined
am Main on 1 July
1945, and
29 December, when his place was taken by Maj. Gen. Carter B. Magruder.(a)
The newly activated headquarters took over all i n s t a l l a t i o n s and
The
Forces.
With t h e inauguration of Headquarters, Theater Service
t h e Military
and the
- 97 -
107.
Over-Ul Trend.
During combat
- 98 -
The f r i c t i o n which
and Bavaria,
state. (31)
designated as t h e co-ders
- 99 -
UO.
The original
a.
Group
G-5 Division.
In t h e e a r l y period, E 5 Divisions functioned a t
A t t h e dissolution of
The r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s of
executive, i n t e r n a l affairs, l e g a l ,
U.S.
(u.s. ZOne).(33)
- loo -
t h e Theater Commander.
Government (U.S.)
were:
t o develop major m i l i t a r y
government policies;
l i b e r a t e d countries;
, health,
denazifica-
t o direct
- 101 -
and t h e m i l i t a r y
Zone), military
(u.s. zone)
instructing
The f i e l d
provide t h e following:
and petroleum stocks;
administrative support;
would
rations, clothing;
In all other
control of t h e German
- 102 -
113.
of Theater Headqut?rters,
191!+5(37)
Control and s u p p l ~
115.
On
- 103 -
b.
percent of t h e r e g i s t e r e d voters p a r t i c i p a t i n g .
Volkspartei
14 Decenber
by t h e Executive Comrcittee of t h e
116.
Denazif i c z t ion.
a.
- 104 -
one of
It was dissolved,
its funds and property were confiscated, its records and headquarters
were seized, and i t s leaders were arrested and interned.
Au. Nazi
J3y the
About 80,OW
In the
In the
Denazification of the
Military
Nazi Party from all employment i n which they would have responsibility
common labor,
117.
Civil Government.
a.
of efficiency.
it was necessary t o tear them down almost completely and build anew.
The Mazi national police, the Gestapo, was broken up completely;
so a l s o was t h e p o l i t i c a l police.
- 106 -
departments.
The notorious
president.
On 17 October 1945
U8.
P o l i t i c a l Promess in Germaq.
a.
Revival o f P o l i t i c a l Parties.
Stimulus was given. to p o l i t i c a l organization and a c t i v i t y
- 107 -
On
b.
Parts Newspaper.
The first p a r t y
Bavaria (45)
C.
Increase of P o l i t i c a l Bctitriby.
P o l i t i c a l a c t i v i t y was comparatively great in t h e l a r g e r
c i t i e s during September.
- 108 -
There was no
inspired by a few leaders, most of whom had been active before 1933.(46)
Organized p o l i t i c a l a c t i v i t y increased during October, although t h e
public, absorbed in t h e business of merely keeping alive and preparing
f o r t h e coming winter, showed l i t t l e i n t e r e s t .
In October, t h e
zones.(47)
b.
- 109 -
organization since t h e f i r s t days of the occupation and t h e leadership w a s of an unusually high type.
Xeetings of
i n i t i a t e d by pre-1933 leaders.
c r a f t o r industry.
The principle
- 110 -
The
Until
Allied countries.
Only s r a a l l quantities
121.
Economic Problems.
a.
surrender.
Gerrnan economy
poor, since Germany was divided i n t o four zones whose borders were
p r a c t i c a l l y insurinountable economic b a r r i e r s across which almost no
111
No progress
much as possible:
in January
of foodstuffs f r o m t h e United
states.
d.
The demilitarisation
- u2 -
122.
A s a consequence
The instruments
was silenced;
A good
Limited
shelter.
clothing, and
r i g M s of a c i t i z e n of a democratic state--but
the g r o u n d w o ~had
- 113 -
All l a r g e
The d e s t r u c t i o n of mine f i e l d s ,
F i r s t p r i o r i t y was
Second p r i o r i t y
The
124.
Surplus Property.
125.
reduced t o 28,000.
The highest
- 115 -
was allowed.
taking place.
not affect t o t h e Soviet forces, since they had not adopted any
regulations governing fraternization.
I n a message t o United S t a t e s
116
i n charge.
In
separated.
E f f o r t s were a l s o made
their skills.
Only
40,785 displaced
r"
The t o t a l number
a.
.(54)
- u7 -
willing t o be repatriated.Oi.5)
A law enacted in
15 December 1945.
C.
d.
1945.
- 118 -
Under t h e teras of t h e
crine against
preparation.
It was estirmted
375
Responsibilities
staff
of war crimes.
d.
- llq -
5 December
The burden
By t h i s masure
Hemann :dlhelm Wring, Rudolf Hess, Joachim von Ribbentrop, dobert Ley,
Alfred aosenberg, Hans Frank, D r . Ernst Kaltenbrunner, D r . 'jjilhelm Frick,
Julius Streiciier, '.iiliieLn Keitel, Dr. :;alter Funk, Earon Constantin von
Neurath, Dr. Hjalaar Schacht, Gustav Krupp von b h l e n und Halbach,
- 120 -
Bo
,"
mder,
Hans Fritzsche.
Other Trials.
?ythe end of
the Dachau
By the f a l l of
resistance of i t s leadership.
There was no
b.
quickly accomplished.
To accomplish t h e
From this f a c t
Its c e n t r a l idea-
be
Part of t h e
- 122 -
It was calculated t h a t
t h e K i l i t a r y Government.
- 123 -
The
as follows:(68)
an organization of c e n t r a l l y
and United
l3k.
- 124 -
He described t h e pyramided
30
experimental basis.
The.lessons
harvest viould be reaching t h e people, and t h e basic assumption underlying the plan--that
would be well tested.
coincide w i t h what
M ~ then
S
as it
It was assumed t h a t
125
as w e l l as t a s k s i n l i b e r a t e d countries.(%O)
The proposed
136.
Optmition t o t h e Plan.
Despite t h e opposition of t h e Provost h s h a l t o t h e
The
Zone),
- 126 -
If practicable, t h e
Their period of t r a i n i n g
- 127 -
Chapter V I
This
Procedures were
- 128 -
accomplished. (3)
almost imeediately.
On
14 August,
t h e ness of t h e surrender of
s l i g h t l y during t h e ,onth.
Some u n i t s
2ajor commands
- 129 -
a s follows:
or mre;
and, t h i r d l y , those
I n order t o ' f i l l t h e
quota of 200,000 high score men for September, seven divisions and
The divisions
On
Any e n l i s t e d
possession of
The ultimate c r i t i c a l
- 130 -
l42. s h i p p i n g ?lans.
On 20 August
This
The Theater
- 131 -
a bad e f f e c t on morale.(22)
&!+.
Pro-ess
a.
this force was intended t o be the nedium p r i o r i t y men whom the Var
Theater
- 132 -
"Green
l a s t day of t h e month.(27)
b.
7CY7O
, OO at the end of 1945, including 363,000 occupation troops,
The rest were t h e close-out force and some service units f o r t h e
Mediterranean Theater.
The rest
t h e redeployment of officers.
Except f o r f i e l d grade o f f i c e r s , f o r
DocQard s t r i k e s , t h e
ti-,
Nine
divisions were shipped out of t h e Theater and three, with two corps
- 133 -
By t h e end
145.
October t o December.
a.
could be shipped home in October, and all those with 70 and above in
November.
Moreover,
In this
due course.
(35)
- 134 -
score. (37)
of whom 163,282
b.
replacements there.(39)
In December t h e Y J a r Department
o r above.(&)
- 135 -
l.46,
Redeployment Plans f o r
1946,
a l l t h e shipping t h a t could be a l l o t t e d t o
of t h e Theater.(k6)
It was suggested,
I n December
- 136 -
The a c t u a l
The f i n a l shipping
It also
Plans had
iimy.(52)
in October. (53)
- 137 -
Sone
1 August.(54)
Early in October,
On 1 November
Cne
On 9 December 1945
i n t h e Theater.
1946.
.. 138 -
15 'Arch 1946.
It was suggested
Cn
- 139 -
grades.(63)
The 3ar
1945 and
1 July 1946.(67)
As e a r l y a s 3 October t h e Theater
January 1946. (68) The Ylar Department promised the replacements but
could not gu&antee t h e i r arrival by t h e date specified.(@)
At the
150.
S u i t a b i l i t y of Arrivals.
a.
But the s i z e of t h e
- l40 -
In r e p l y t o a
Commands
but all
151.
and
(79)
t o be assigned as follows:
Headquarters and other m i l i t a r y overhead
Ground Forces (seven divisions)
Service Forces
Air Forces
38,000
144,ooO
103,OOo
78,ooo
363J000*
There seemed
Yhat resistance
- 142 -
and crime.
20,000
65,000
80,000
78,000
38.000
281,000
In F r U f u r t and
Some of
- 143 -
C.
In
Later, many of
were employed.(86)
satisfactory.
d.
Next in p r i o r i t y
The
shortages in c l e r i c a l staff.
- 1wc -
A t t h a t time t h e p r i o r i t i e s
a s c h a r g e d United S t a t e s inilitary
placed persons;
civilians;
dis-
Allied and n e u t r a l
i n Theater Headquarters:
Vision over a l l c i v i l i a n s ;
units;
and
civilians.
the .Adjutant
- 145 -
Uajor commands
Heqdquarters (92)
PELISONERS OF WAR
155.
A m y supervisory personnel.(%)
i t s old organization.
- L$6 -
s p e c i a l cases;
u n i t designations and a l l i n s i g n i a
, except
and, i n s p i t e of t h e
One o f these
Air Forces,
Europe , from June t o November 1945, without armed guards, and showed
outstanding d i s c i p l i n e and cooperation. (97)
156. S t a t i s t i c s .
Most of t h e labor units w o l k i n g f o r t h e United S t a t e s f o r c e s
A t V-E Day, i n a t o t a l of
1,545,6&
prisoners,
716,568.
- 147 -
On 29 December 1945,
during t h e F i r s t H a l f of
1946.
158.
Termination of t h e S i l i t a r y D i s t r i c t s .
On 2 January 1946 t h e Eastern and L'estern S l i t a r y D i s t r i c t s
Arqy Areas.(2)
As t h e i r respective headquarters
- 148 -
1 January. (3 )
b.
France., on 10 December
1945. (5)
idain
e.
were incorporated
- ut9 -
g,
A few days l a t e r , on
160.
On 1 February
(16)
- 150 -
Naval Forces,
On V-E Day
ArrrEy
Naval Forces,
and t h e U.S.
On 10 November t h e U.S.
Fad
In
Naval Forces,
- 151 -
The U.S.
of t h e U.S.
162.
and t h e
Headquarters Level.
Prior t o
On 1 h p r i l t h e
was
t o inform and
152
t o coordinate r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s and
f o r Germany (U.S.)
Adiinistration;
with Information
I n Hestern f i l i t a r y D i s t r i c t , t h e reorganization of
- 153 -
(a)
The e n t i r e
Increase of Responsibility.
From 1 January 19.46, t h e three Offices of f i l i t a r y
(2")
Revision of Relationship.
I n February 1946 t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p was revised, and c e r t a i n
- 154 -
t h e a r e a commanders o r t o t h e Theater.(26)
~
Berlin, and
States-occupied a r e a of Germany except t h Bremen,
Frankfurt areas, t h e G 5 Section was reestablished, t o exercise supervision and control over matters pertaining t o displaced persons and
G e r n l a ~(U.S.)
and
1.
and t h e
i n June. (31)
b.
- 155 -
P a r t i c u l a r l y c l o s e coordination was t o be m i i i t a i n e d
Confemnces were t o be
165
Shipping capacity
This rneant
O f these,
A ma-@
rest,
- 156 -
so 135,WO replacements
it t o f i n d voice.
I n Paris, London,
were tne r e s u l t of t h e f a i l u r e of t h e
- 157 -
167.
in Europe.(43)
On t h l s basis i t was e s t h a t e d
xith
53
4.0 p o i n t s
p o i n t s or
and so on
55
t h a t I.;en v;ith
-I
(is a
nevi shipping
163.
The
To a l l e v i a t e
uiderloaded. (47)
I n J a n u a r j shiprn-ts
- 15s -
13,000, but
In 7ebruary it
oyiiric
to
hoped t o b e t t e r t h e tarLet by
IELS
V ~ K ~ G Ucauses
S
In Larch t h e e s t L i ; , a t e
In these three
This
i n t h e early P a r t
oIr
1946 t o close
I n January
h t w e r p vias closed
Henceforth all
- 159 -
170.
171.
su;;gested t h z t
In r e p l y t h e Xar Departrtlent
i n t h e -Xr Forces;
200,OOO by L January
S t r e n d h Control.
a.
Theater strength as
tion.(57)
S G O ~as
~
and t o bring
- 160 -
32,ZCO.
This cut d i d
On
Theater.
shipments s t i l l f e l l .
Despite cooperation
I n February, however,
1946 was p r a c t i c a l l y
illet,
replacements by
and f u r t h e r a r r i v a l s were f o r e c a s t
l e g a l experience. (64)
3 e F s were taken
- 161 -
d.
%r
The
t r o o p s in
lio
Cn 12
&tie
134<>it
162
Its
:gj..ssijq w.3
..
chairlcienwere .aj. kn. ievan
a
(75) Successive
k n . liI)-bQ- i. Loore.
Co.xi.ilad;
recorrc.,endations
t h e routine work then done by each of t h e s t a f f divisions; reconxentlations f o r closing t h e p o r t s of Le &wre and Llzrseille, .and t h e
replacenent de,oot a t Xamur;
requirei;ents
163
slic!it d i f f i c u l t y i n
xas removed
recra5tink civili;,is
:L
f o r service ic t h e Theater
Various
6 the
743
I n t h e shine montn, r e c r u h . e r i t i n t h e
been assigned
nearl:
t.0
months.
&rlikvls
175.
Prisoner-of-,far Labor.
a.
- 164 -
,is&
of l a b o r sei-vice unlts
, arid
t o report
prison&
Prisoners-of-war
out o f U3,OOO
To f a c i l i t a t e t h e discharge of :,risoners
b.
(86)
- 165 -
T h i s figure declined
136,327. ( 89
166
Chapter VXXI
ACCOILPLISHMENTS OF THE 0CCUPATU)N
WLIClES
denazification.
An o f f i c i a l
Toward the
A
n important step i n the
167
entitled:
Cn
o r t Lng
.1
were f u m t i o n h : i n t h e Linited S t a t e s h n e .
-'LSconfjckxce
irl
ixi1itar:-
: riso:; n o s p i t d s
f o r the
17:.
Elections.
Cne of t h e i,iost inportmt m i l i t a r y toverru,ierlt acilieveuent s
168
Liberals 2 percont.(l)
Gf L i e
The
votes, S h r i s t i a n Democrats
were held throughout t h e zone, (3) with the Christian Democratic U,;ion
outstripping t h e other parties.(k)
Of the eligible
179.
Labor Unions.
180.
Be_=rations.
a.
- 169 -
it t h i s
1946.
The
iiuiiii
I n acccrclmce r : i t h t h e i n t e r n a t i o n d . agree;:-ent on
1 July
l i s t e d fc,r d e s t r u c t i o n o r d e m l i t i o n .
3 i s r a n t l i n g operations were
On 26 :.ayStrneral Clay,
frolii
- 170 -
181.
Restitutions.
The program for t h e r e s t i t u t i o n of a r t objects and other
~n
i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of
The
For t h e
- 173 -
184.
specialists.
194.5.
The use
I n addition, c i v i l i a n employees
I n t h e first h a l f of
1946,
i n t h e f olloviing t a b l e . ( 1 2 )
Lonth
Ci v 5 l i a n
174
Zli1itaq.j
185.
1946 by
L a j . Gen. I!.
iri
iristances of search,
186.
T:?is pro:ect
d-
wit:i
Countries
175
on 6 Larch
1946. L ? thc
e:d of
Fi,cures
f o r si.ipi,icnts fro. the t:.ree base sections t,hrodgh 30 June 1946 are
sI;om
- 176 -
<
Base Section
,:dult s
Children
Totel
Uriited i.in:,clo..rl
.;estern Sase
Contine;.tal Case
28,297
lO,&?.Lk
32,723
Totals
1BC.
5,973
526
673
63
34,125
11,160
45.225
5,390
.aCcO.
11
,lishents.
of a
St3;tes forces
569
SystEiJ
lo~g
occuprtior?, and
wet*s.
a.
F l z n i n p . Sesponsibili.ty.
Tile resAnonsj.bility f o r
cl!airnlan.(18)
iiit:i
General 2 u l l a s
Ero:Tess of iiiilnninL;.
that
at:
i!.Ost
3y 8 Cctobcr. c e r t s i n b a s k
t h a t t h e occu--aLionn o u l d extend f o r
o f t h e c o s t of ccnstruction and
that
t h e t r o o p s were t o be s t a t i o m d i n coqmct n i i l i t a r y i n s t a l l a t i o n s of
- 177 -
XI^ posts;
that facilities
and t h 2 t
IXLX~UIQ
.irr.Gr i n s t a l l a t i o n s .
ilel1
either
t r a s ? o r t L t i o n on
snzceavailcible basis.(21)
;is of
25 February, 138
p o r t of Sremen.
..sin on 29 +ril
The first
1946, and
.;ith
f a c i l i t i e s f o r tlic ciiil.cken.
and i n 1-a;.
X lannlnf; for
teac;iers.(23)
t h e c p d i f i c z t i c n s deslred i n
Cel-tai;l Ceiieral
few t o i l e t a r t i c l e s .
envisaged
i:
- 179 -
Plans
BJ
include t a i l o r i n g , and
ViLtC!l-
I n t h e l a s t r;usrter
and radio-renalr.
I n t n e first h a l f of l?I+u, c o n t r a s t s
iii
Cer~~aiiy
and
i t s e l f s t q e r v i s e d t ! production
~
cf b e c , soft drinks, a d i c e c r e w ,
using Gerinan f a c i l i t i e s as far as p o s s i b l e . (27)
1946.
Leave a d -lecreation.
Leave a i d r e c r e z t i o n f a c i l i t i e s
policy.
i n riaris,
-~O:!E,
3russels, m d t h e
indivi.dila1.
::est
e n d a t ;ad I s c ; ~Sillurden,
,
anu
180
lS9,
':,:ar Crimes,
a,
b.
The U.5..
.ir,qr
and
11 ,Tune,
OR
and t h e d m g e r t h a t new
It hzci beco:;Ie c l e a r t h a t
The
- 1Gl -
190.
011
33 June 1946,
Theater (is of
- 162 -
30 June 1946
191.
The occup;2tioa of
'LkYrGlly
The f i r s t C;en.ian c i t y t o f a l l
.imy.
on t h e
%rI:in
.mty
Groups stood
!ten
c l e a r e d fro!,, t h e area, * Y A ~ ~ h
m i l i t a r y security.
9ui-h.g t h e
f A l l
c o n t r o l f o r reasons of
1944-45,
- 123 -
t h e 12th
.iri:!>r
Srou2i to leave d e t a c k m i t s
rear
m x ~ r
s u c h cietacliriieiits, i d i t i i e t o t a l s t r e n i t h of 133 o f f i c e r s ,
7 warrant
161, -
It
v a s d i f f i c u l t f o r tmilez:aen,
producers, xicl
>JlierE! t,:ie
iris c c d d nc lonZ;ei* be
(3)
t h e .iili.tzr.y a t e m y
fighting fc-rces;
so f a r as t k e
-mr WLS
-1
L f f i c l a l s of these
gOVern:.ctnt,
I n 5ez1aiil. it
but
cif
Tias
ment, hut o n l y
y;hen sucli a
- lG5
.Ser!1my.
ariides
r e s t o r e order i n a Sssolated c o u i t l y t h a t
under enerry i'lre.
ordered t o evhcu;te,
f o u d i t necessary t o
PILLS
s t i l l , i n m y regions,
clritl
civilians alike,
'
..t t h e
stayed behin2 bacily frig3tened, docile, atid t i r e d of ':;a-.
end of h i s f i r z t nee!: of .lilita:-y gGveinL.ent, t h e co.<u1ia,iidink officer
of Detsc;u.,ent l5Q,
S t a f f , C-5,
T h i r d a . ~ ~ : qre_cor%ed
r,
t o t h e .ksistmt Chief o f
t h a t t h e ;er.:.an
of f r i e n d l i n e s s a d cooperation" t o r ~ r i e r i c atroops.
!ie added:
195.
F i r s t ,.ctiol:s
a.
of ;.ilitc2ry Gverruent..
Zxceptions
- 186 -
c i r c u l a t i o n of laws
:id
ti
s;:ecial i s s u e of
loLiczl '.iarfare.
I n t h e Third ~ r m y
?he i)eople
i!ig;hiv~ys
Cn t h e whole t h e
- 137 -
soon as 9ossible c i v i l
196.
ILie
iiioviii3
dl
nurnber
or
The
Iiiost
olci c i v i l lists
iii
who had
an6 at tiie s t i l l h i g h l e v e l of
liJidted scale.
CGIL)S.
(6j
190 -
d.
Cn 10 $ril
r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r an a r e a west of t h e
-'.rm;r
ret:ining
r e s p o n s i b i l i t y for screcninC m d p 2 r o l l i n g t h e
k q r
Zxceot f o r c e r t a i n su.i>ly
:.r.qr
frox tne F i r s t
Ai-Jqj-
area passed t o t h e
on 15 .+ril.
-'ZJLIJ
During
C'n 20 +ril
boundaries were
";he reiiiaining
t h e area
-.
.!nineland,
in t h e 3iineland.
asswed responsibilit;.
f i g h t i n g continued i n approxinsitely
ORB
for the
3 f t h of it.
'The
a l l l y i n z east of t h e Iliver.
- 192 -
194
202.
the ;liiliie
coverake,
t h e .,erewolf orkanrzation.
t.ii.ien t h e F i f t e e n t h
.m!i;r
coveraze was, a t b e s t , s u p e r f i c i a l . ( 2 2 )
331
s1:;itc of t h i s ,
- 197 -
%r,,,zny.
oti t h e i r husiness.
for i n s t a c e , ixid f a n s in
Tile s;~s~;c!T~
v i o r h d a iiardship on suci! people, but no solutiori
(31)
- 200 -
207.
In
&ing
troops.
prisoners.
o r t o screen personnel.(32)
208.
a.
as rapidly as possible.
0
:
'
201
The problem
X t h t h e exception of t h e CoiFJnurLst
01:
charges of
- 202 -
The outstanding
209.
louse-bome disease.
Delousing s t a t i o n s were s e t
In s p i t e of
- 203 -
Cfimmxnt was i n i t i a t e d .
staff.
By 20 2uly 1945,
2t
a l l levels of
The area was under control and had becor,:e serer?e enol?& t o
(inti-Fascist)
P a r t i e s were t ! f~
i r s t t o organize, w i t h t.leir a c t i v i t i e s centering
i n Dtisseldorf.
c l e r i c a l support. ( 3 9 )
204
b.
--
t u r n i n g over t h e
t o B r i t i s h c o n t r o l was be,yn.
of t h e c i v i l government.
The r e l i e f of United S t a t e s
Tne
The
XXII and
- 205 -
as force.
and l ~ u c hw a s learned t h a t
wcls
I:UC!I
was accomplished
212.
a.
In f z c t , durin.!; t h e ?eriod o f h o s t i l i t i e s
b e t t e r than expected.
- 236 -
order.
213.
.ill t y p e s of s h i p s
3
.:
1~
i'OiTii%y t o
Zone o f C e r x a y .
1945,
~ U ~ i S t
t Le h i t e d
iin attempt
2l4.
- 237 -
F'riscxer-of-war
to 2:urrmnsk.
215.
19k5.
.41to::etner,
a.
,iian;*
in !:orway f o r interrogation. ( h 7 )
b.
- 208 -
and 50 percent
R ~ in
S
all whose
t h e S o v i e t Lone o f C;erdmg.
Zespon-
It was e s t i m t e d t h a t
I n a.ldition, about
c.
11,ooC, &ri.Xin
By 20 Septeilber
c i v i l i a n s would be l e f t i n F!orvray.(48)
3y
i!orwCly had
17 t c t o b e r 194.5,
and a t o t a l of
Dy
3:f
15 Gctober,
By
216.
- 20.2 -
Cn t h c t date,
t h e !!orwegian c i v i l gavernnent.
captured G
e
m
?w e r ,:ateriel.
The carT:ng
It
Inactlvation of SupreL.re>ieadc:mrters.
The .;!!-.'ZF
1.2ssion t o !Jon*!ay ceased t o e x i s t , as suc:~, on
Zffective
t h e other, co...p r i s i n g
- 210 -
219.
populace.
o r the 'kitish
It was f i n a l l y agreed,
on 28 June 1945,(54)
220.
b.7
1 I:.u&ust 1945.
T h i s proved i i i p o s s i b l e
because of t h e cornpar&ively low speed a t which German disarned persotlnel w a s .noved out of :!orway.
- 2u. -
b.
20 October 1945.
17 Cctober 1945.
Forway, remained a short while t o close out the relvaining supply and
ad-xinistrative d e t a i l s .
.,8th
221.
'Ete,
This t e r . i n s t e d t h e
the cox:and oi' land
3eEinninEs of t h e Gccupntion.
a.
-=rnlywas
directed t c advance
- 2L2 -
i?nmediate e f f e c t t h e t e r m of t h e sllrrender
suck; !irovisions of
aid.
P~OSS
T i i s involved
could be disarrxed
enforcement of t h e surrender.
of telephone l i n e s , occurree..
To
213
d.
2nd
C i v i l a f f a i r s a c t i v i t i e s ivere i n i t i a t e d in Czechoslovakia
The l i b e r a t e d Czechs
:ilitary
iissistarice
o f Sudeten :Germ";
evacuation
222.
.CWI
r:llied ex-prisoners
214 -
'The Chief of
were c o r d i a l . (6b)
2Zt.
Displaced persons.
- 215 -
Czechoslovakia.
of t h e Third
Lxnediate a c t i o n corrected
2 u ~ i n gt k e .period
displaced-persons
CELIL
JIS
During
Octo'Ler ar,d Love7iber 19i:5, 201 Foles, 133 Jugoslavs, 15s Iiungarians,
processed.
Cn 1 5 :!ovezber 1945 t h e t r z n s i e n t
Canip
o?erated by ZII
..
Xar Crmnals.
- 216 -
Hermann Frank,
UnJer hos?italization
in t h e area were scme 15,000 Grcan prisoners of wer znd 1,600 German
civilians.
w d e r t k e control of V.5.
227.
a.
any f u t u r e repetition.
217
The
nevertheless,
Anerican
1945;
a heay.7 enuipnent s c h o o l
VKLS
established i n s i l s e n t o teach
218
b.
w i t h t h e Szech ; r e s .
.&
r e l a t i o n s were ! ? a i n t a h e d
cor!tinuous flow of i n f o r n a t i o n as t o t h e
Fress representatives
events. (72)
c.
C o u n t e r i n t e l l i p e n c e personnel maintained c l o s e r e l a t i o n s
Czech a u t h o r i t i e s f o r t r i a l by t l t e r n , i n c l u d i n g : : o n s e i g e u r Tiso, t h e
puppet s r e s i d e n t o f Slovakia d u r i n g t h e %r"n accusation. (73)
d.
'
arienbad
- 219 -
229.
of Zzechcslovakia l y i n g e a s t o f t h a t Line.
;:el&ions between t h e
Zussian-speaking
four e n l i s t e d inen.
s t a t i o n was e s t a b l i s h e d a t .:okycany,
.. l i a i s o n
EJI
The reilraining
220
bong
control l i n e pennits f o r
-lrrny verscnnel
The U.S.
.army,
a.
.'.s e a r l y
2.
f o r m 1 request
a si.?lilar )lan.
were formulated.
Czechoslovakia u n t i l 15 ;'ove::ber
1945.
If c o . q l e t e nithdrawal of
The S t a t e
e?art.nent f i n e l l y
- 222 -
FOOTNOTES
FOCTMOTES
Chapter I
1.
2.
Ibid .
-
3.
4.
5.
6.
a 1 0 my 45.
7.
PBQ, 13 U y 45.
8.
9.
SHAJF, =War
10
45.
12
13
14
15
u.,
5 Jun 45; Chicago Sun, 28 ;Lay 45;
No 23, Hq, 12th A r m y Group t o Armies.
16.
17
45.
L e t t e r of Instruction
- 223 -
314.81-1 Exec.
FOOTKOTZS-CHAFTEX
I (continued)
21.
22.
23
W Bress
26.
27
SHrlEF,
28.
Ibid, Op 11/12 U y
29
30.
31
32.
Stars
33.
>-Ibid
7 Jun 45,
45.
18 Lay 45.
*
nil::
Up, Lisbon,
Portugal, 6 Jun.
45.
36.
37
-9
38.
39
40
Ibid
w,E 3 Historical
- 221e -
Seport, 9-31
crlas 45.
Third
FOOTNOTES-CUPTEi
4.l.
42.
43.
I (continued)
45.
Report of Operations,
45.
46
47
46. S
49
. SXW
50.
51
52.
53. Ltr.Omers,
S;LBP,
Lain.
54.
55
56.
L t r Orders, S:-IAEF,
57
56.
ll
Xay
- 225 -
EKIOTNOTES--CHAPTEFi
59
I (cont h u e d )
60
61.
S C U F t o 1 2 t h and 6th
Groups; Cable FWD-22222, 23 iday 45, SHAEF Fwd sgd S C W
t o S W Control Party OKW.
64.
65
Ltr, S
Party OW.
CCS.
Cable FY&2189;,
to ccs.
68.
59
T h e , 4 Jun 45.
7m.
71
- 226 -
FOCTHOTES-CWTER
I (continued)
73.
74.
Cable 67, 26 May 45, SHAZF Control Farty OK;; f o r Rooks t o SLUF
Fw
' d for B u l l .
75.
76.
77.
78.
Ltr, S
79.
Gen, CSC.
80, W h " e s of Leeting Concerning Troop Requirements f o r L i n i s t e r i a l
15 Oct 45.
Collecting Center," G3 Div, Hq USFET (%in),
82.
83.
lttoveiuent
n.
Ibid.
- 227 -
FGGTNCT.'dS--CHAPTZR
86.
m.
87.
SR.
Third . h y a EXD,
@.
USFZT,
90.
oxr~s,~
e r a t i o n s , 9-31 UTl&.
i s t o 4
of
o ~ i m ~ ( u s c pby-NOV
~c.
G.
- 228 -
I (cont h u e d 1
Chapter
II
1.
2.
idem, SKUF, 21 Jul 44, f i l e SGS 322 ETGUSA, t o t h e C/S, sgd DDE.
3.
00
lladministration
o f American Theater.
5.
b m ~ ,SHAEF,
t h e ETO.
11 Jul
45,
%Aeorganization in
'1
6.
7.
8.
See par
9.
34, above.
" D r a f t Ceneral
"i3esponsibilitier
13. Cable W68, 13 Kay 45, London sgd Winant t o State Dep.
11. Cable r1;-23985,
15. Memo, US P o l ddv t o L t Gen ii.B. Smith, C/S, SHUF and L t Gen
Lucius D. Clay, Dep fil Gov, Geraany, 11 Jul 45.
- 229 -
FOOTNOTiS-4HirpTEa
11 (continued)
17
Gammell.
18.
19
Cable S-12796,
for JCS.
20.
21.
22
23
24.
25
26.
27
Ibid.
-
26.
29.
Cable YbX-24456, 2
j Jun 45, .iGJ!AE from CCS t o S H - W Akin t o
Zisenhower, AF4? t o Alexander.
30.
31.
Cable
32.
42.
for JCS.
- 230 -
aC;I;'AR
F O O T P J O T E S - 4 H ~ 11 (continued)
for JCS.
34.
35.
36.
Series 19J+5-&6,
chap III.
- 231 -
W Elain f o r
FOOTNOTES
Chapter IXI
1.
2.
3.
See pars
53-57, below.
4.
5.
EAC Report,
6.
14 Nov 44.
subj:
'IUS Theater
Organization. It
7.
8.
9.
Cable E-56393, 17 Jun 45, STOUSA Yain sgd Devers t o ETOUSA FdD.
AE;IyAfi
for
10.
u.
%"nd
12.
13
l4. S t a f f Study, 12th Army Gp, 4 Jan 45, f i l e 323.33 (G-3), subj:
" T e r r i t o r i a l Organisation of US Zone of Occupation, Germany."
15
16.
17
Cable CA-11685,
- 232 -
Cable E-11668, 22 Feb 45, ETOUSA from Lord t o SH%F for Crawford.
20.
21.
L t r , COE: %,
Comands. I'
22.
23
24. 12th
Army Gp,
Arw
Gp,
25.
12th
25
27
subj:
llAnalysis
"GO2 Z Service
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Gp,
G3
Fieport
36.
38
39
Did.
USFET, G3 Div, 30 Juri 45, Wonthly Xedeployqmt I'rogress.fI
- 233 -
USFET,
43.
US",
45
Ibid.
-
46.
USF",
4?
48.
49.
Bid.
- 234 -
-_-
5s.
%!th
59.
60.
61.
62.
45, annex 7.
IILiberated
64.
65
66.
W Disbandment Directive,
6 Jul 45, No 6 .
. Ltrs,
67
It
69.
70
71
W e t al.
72.
Outline P l a n f o r Refueee
and DPIs.
W Administrative Memo 39, 25 Xov 44, appendix lfClf, subj:
Wnployment of U Personnel with B:ilitary Forces.l1
73.
74.
- 235 -
III (continued)
FWTJOTES-CHkYTEB
-.
75. Ibid
76. Ibid.
77. L t r , S M F ,
8 Jul
DP Ekecutive."
45,
f i l e AC 363.7-1 C&AGb&
"Combined
subj:
78.
Ltr, S I W , 18 Dec 4l+, f i l e AG 383.7-1 GEAW, subj: "kesponsi b i l i t y f o r Assembly C n t e r s f o r DPls and hefugees.ll
79.
80.
RJU"s;
81. B i d .
82.
The source f o r t a b l e I is OUWS, DP Div, Status of DPIs (USBritish and French Zones), 31 Jul 45. The figures f o r DP's
outside camps are estimates carried forward from 24 June, a f t e r
which date no estimates are available f o r %stern o r fleatern
Xilitary Districts
83.
a.
85
86.
Judge Advocate F i l e :
Trial., item 13.
e.
88.
89.
90
91.
92.
- 236 -
subj:
"huthority t o Appoint
"Trial of
Sep
45, pp 1-2.
FoOTNOTES--CWl'ER
III (continued)
95.
96.
97.
GO
98.
CO
99.
GO 289, USFET,
14 Oct 45.
100. Ltr, LSET, 6 Aug k5, file AG 334 Q)S-AcO, subj: "Establishment
of the Office 02 t h e Army-Navy Liquidation Commission,"
101. Stars and Stripes, 13 Jun 45.
- 237 -
FOOTNOTES
Chapter IV
1.
2.
Cable
3.
4.
5.
6.
Cable
7.
CO 22,
8.
USGpCC(G), &Utes
9.
10.
ne
12.
;ii-75373, 5
see a l s o chap
to S W .
USGpCC(G), 15 h y 43.
of Xeeting of 10 Liar 45.
"fission of t h e USGpCC(G)."
u. TKl No 39,
- 238 -
see
FOOTNOTES--CHATIB I V (continued)
20.
21.
22
23.
t o SHAEF.
25
26.
Ibid .
-
27
Ibid .
-
28.
29
32-
33
34.
- 239 -
Chapter V
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
u,
p 26.
6.
m, p 20.
7.
Ibid, p 20.
8.
m, p
9.
&g
p,75.
10.
75.
G 3 Rpt Eo 31, 25
45.
12.
USFET,
13
14
15
Xug
16
17
Gy:
18
19.
20.
See
- 240 -
FOOTNOTES-CHAPTER
21.
22.
23
00
V (Continuedl
subj:
"US Theater
26.
27.
GO
28.
29
Go 259, USF'ET,
30.
31- IJSFST,
32.
see also
0;)
22 Sep 45.
OlLGUS, Proclamation No 2,
19 Se;, 45.
34. See
a l s o chap
35.
36.
37
38,
39.
40.
41.
-24l-
- Vienna.
TCOTNDZFS--CWTER V (continuedl
-~
42- USFA,
45.
45.
44. Ibid.
45
46.
47
Nov 45.
51.
52
53.
54. Hq,
Occupation
Cable S-18908, 22 Aug 45, USWT i.:ain sgd Eisenl!:.-s*ert o TSF" Rear
f o r USECT !Zssion France.
57.
58.
59.
60.
LIemo,
- 242 -
FCOTNOTZS--CHAPTEH
61.
PD Cable
V (contiriued)
64.
USFET, G 2 , =kly
65.
June 45.
COY 2, ETCUS.4,, - P
Ibid .
USFET, S-29064, Eisenhower t o EMD, ','PI, ED, USFA, USWE,
TSF (Bear), CC3?.4VFCRGER, 24 Oct 45.
69. Cable,
70.
71
72.
Provost &rshal,
73
74.
75
45.
- 243 -
GCT-AGE,
subj:
subj:
"Police-
'IPolice-
FOOTKOTES
Chapter V I
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Ibid.
-
8.
Ee&-z,
31 Jul
cable
Ibid .
-
9.
10.
FOOTNOTES-CHAPTER
V I ( cont d l
UC.
15
17.
USF"
Ibid
18. -
19
20.
21.
22.
23
USF3T
to USFET.
Telephone Conference, Xashington (Laj Gen Craig and Laj Gen Henry)
2 Sep 45.
26.
Special TViX Conference, XGWR and USFLT, TT-4059, 3 Sep 45, subj:
l+Xedeplopcnt
27.
28.
Ibid.
--
29
Ibid.
-
- 245 -
32.
ad.
33.
34.
35.
w.
36.
m.
37.
38.
u.
iieport on &deployment,
Nov 46.
40.
l+l.
US"?
42.
m.
43.
USFET c-3
PJOV 46.
Eleport, 3 1 Dec
45.
44* Ibid.
45.
_Ibid.
46.
47.
m.
48.
49.
50.
51.
9
.
52.
m.
IQOTNC!"ES--CXA?TIQ?
53
54.
55
V I (cont Id)
57.
58.
59.
60
61.
62.
65
66.
67
**;?-
68.
Ibid.
-
69
70.
71
- 247 -
'
V I (cont d)
FOO'i'MOTES-CHLFl'ER
72
9
74;
75.
Lem, USFET,
?!ov 45, for major commds;
Report of Operations, 1 Oct t o 31 Sec 45.
76.
77.
78.
73
81.
USFET E l Div,
"Lethod of ~ s s i y i n g
2?--
82.
83.
e4.
85.
86.
87.
Third US
88.
A r q ,
subj:
"Employment
"Civilian Aqloyment
- 2.%$ -
tt&nploy-
V I (cont 'd)
FOOTNGTES--CHA?TER
89.
%uplopent
90.
"British
subj:
92.
'%nployment
93.
94.
95.
96.
Wmployment of Pti's."
"Luft:iai'fe
Signal Battalion.11
98.
99.
- 249 -
FOOTNOTES
Chapter V I 1
1.
2.
3.
GO 26,
4.
!$em, TS?",
17 Nov 45, subj:
of Germany. It
5.
6.
7.
6.
9.
10.
GO 18, 26 Jan
"Inactivation
1, 8
Jan 46.
46, I, 111.
46.
12.
GO
13.
u.
Go
15
16.
GO
17.
18.
-Ibici,
.
19.
Stark-Lee Agreefient
20.
46, I.
I.
, 31 Lay 45.
- 250 -
FOOTNCTES--CHAPTER
a.
22.
Ibid.
-
23.
T h i r d Army,
24.
25
G5
45, p t V I .
45.
194546.
26.
27. Ibid.
29.
GO
30.
31.
Staff
32.
33.
34.
431~0
57,
35. Ibid.
36.
37
Ibid.
-
38.
39.
Ibid.
-
40.
B; a l s o
- 251 -
Conference, ivashington-
F@O"?JOTZS--CM"Eii
I h i d , 13 Jan kb.
USWT E 3 Div, Report of Operations 1 Jan-31 Liar
46.
45
Ibid.
-
46
47.
Ibid.
-
48.
49.
50
51
53.
m -n
54
-9
55
Ibid.
540 USFXT
C3FZi'
G3, lieport
l!SFt.T
G 3 Div,
45.
57.
58
!:em0 X o f S , G-3,
59.
Cable 3-eg263
, 25 L2.y
252
-.
60. Ibid
61.
See par
166, above.
63.
64.
65.
66.
Cable,
67
Ibid, No 20,
68.
69
cable :$'--99263,
27 my 46.
Zay
70
71.
72.
"h'egro %poweri'
t o major cormnands.
USF",
9 Jul 04f-
73
74.
75.
- 253 -
FC@TNOTES--CFiA?T?Zi V I 1 (cont'd)
76.
77
7s.
79.
u.
80.
81.
82.
83
84.
V i v i l i a n Smployment
subj:
"Federal
subj:
"Discharge
86.
87.
TSF'ET,
88.
GTP!:,
USF'T
89.
19 Jun 46.
254
FOOTNOTES
Chapter VI11
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
IIInitiation of
8.
'ILeadership and
9.
subj:
"Training of US Constabulary.11
13
14.
15
16.
17
For f u r t h e r details, see aocograph "The Shipment of d i e n Depende n t s t o t h e US," Gccupation Forces in huro;je S e r i e s 1945-46.
- 255 -
subj:
37,
"Transportation
Board."
19.
20.
21.
22.
23
S t a r s and?trir;es,
a.
25
26.
USET,
a.
28.
29.
For f u r t h e r d e t a i l s see uono&Taph '@TheZecreational and Entertainment Program of t h e US Forces, ET," Occuiational Forces in Europe
Series 1945-46, chap IV.
30.
31.
G-
ut o f
26 ;day 45.
- 256 -
46.
ItInstrwtiocs
FOOTNOTS!3
Chapter
1.
G 3 Battle
Third
2.
Third Ammy After-Action dewrt, 26 Jan 44-4 Xay 45; vol 11,
G5
sec.
3.
Ibid.
4.
m.
5.
g&.
sec.
7.
u.
u;and Xinth A r m y Tactical H i s t o n , 1 Sep 44-30 A p r 45.
E.
9.
Ibid.
-
6.
lky
s.
n. u.
10.
12.
13.
Army
Grou~.
14. E.
15.
m.
16.
h y
45.
18.
gg.
15.
257
FOCTNOTES4HAPTEH IX (cont'd)
~-~
20
Ibid.
-
21.
Fifteenth P
22.
Ibid .
-
Ibid. and Third Army History, vol 11, E 5 sec, 26 Jan LA-9 Kay 45;
and Ninth A r m y Tactical History- 3 Sep 4.4-30 Apr 45.
23
-9
24.
Ibid.
-
25
26.
Fifteenth
27,
28.
29.
30
31.
-..
krmy H l S t O I Y ,
.'!&-e
Europe S e r i e s
Ibid.
Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid, 16 Apr-10
38. Ibid.
39 -
34
Jul 45.
40.
45.
Ibid.
Ibid.
-
:!lay
Ibid.
-
- 258 -
1945-46.
42 *
43.
w+.
45.
USm
46.
S W F VLssion t o F:orway,
47.
@.
49
50.
51
52.
53
54
Xi..sion
to j
20
45.
!Lay
cable E-N-74,
~
Seport
~ for
~ 13,Xu5 45.
ah,
45.
cable S-24328,
45.
13 Sep 45.
55. Cable,
56
57
58.
59.
- 259 -
60.
Ibid.
61.
u,
p 464;
4$,
63. Hq TUSA,
45, p
p 22.
and
22.
64.
65.
45,.
69.
70.
Hq
71.
72.
73.
w.
74.
75.
76.
m.
77.
Ltr,
Geri
US Troops
16 Jun-30
Sep
45.
of Operations. #39, 24 J u l
45.
"Removal of
78.
79.
- 260 -
FOOTNOTiB-CWE.?.?
IX (cont 'd)
:.!IUD
P o l i t i c a l Advisor
- 261 -
&tin.
45.
for