Problem 4.2 A particle of mass m and electric charge q can move only in one ‘imension and is subject to a harmonic force and a homogeneous electrostatic field. The Hamiltonian operator forthe system is ze om (2) Sobve the enersy ezenvalve protien. (©) I the system is initially inthe ground state of the unperturbed harmosicoscila- tor, i) = 0), wht isthe probability of finding it in the ground slate ofthe full, Hamiltonian? (©) Assume again natine systems mtaly in he unperturbed harmonic oslltor round Sale and calculate the probaiity offing iin this state agai at alater time. (@ Wit the same initial condition csleulate the prcbablity of ining the particle aa ater time in the fst excited sate ofthe unperturbed harmonic osilior. (© Consider te electric dipole moment d = qx and calcuateitsvacuumexpectaton value in the evolved state |), assuming again that we stat from the unperturbed vacuum na Mee geeSolution (a) We can write the Hamiltonian as Pome gé\)_ Ge a RES Oma Note however thatthe exponential of the momentum operator pis a space. ‘translation operator; we can prove in a straightforward fashion that ello eh xt ‘Thus, we have ve Ta? HHP ay cto Few =vier—D (0) The tate este can be expanded in enery getter oe SCP my ‘The coeficents are C= e400) sn soapond tothe probability ampEtude fr finding the cystm in cach eigen state Inourcase, since hentia sate isthe unperurted ground state C= 0) ‘The probability amplitude for finding the system in the true ground state [0) is Tita) = Coe FA = Gio) eT ‘Thecorespmndag poet P ime independent Fo= (Of = [oie **A1017 Using te opera ienity beh UM BAe tBalaeset sme p= i MONTEa 2, nha an athe cen al wei ation operators or he harronic osilatr problem, 08 04 (1B) (sf Be) men no) E) orn (ne) e-em vont (© Levan onideragin te epson von Eevornm ‘The amplitde for finding the sysem in he unperturbed ground stat aime is (ov = Socae 0m = Fe ieahe Tae ccf a genby “Go E— Ihem= acess “Thos. be eid amit is agen = So cee Ie (Vaca Ee) nett mn § gime lx 4 (Fe yr 2 Ba (VB) jew AR cml Ber eg] ere teen va( GS) m9 (8) de) = (Old WO) =a DS CiCee flee Ay 0 Cie ee lee +DIa) aaa CiCod™ tricin) ‘Wenced the matrix element nse = [Ee soy = YE (Vina 1+ VF Tesi) Sehstins y= 0 60) ELS. (Clan 4 a et) ote SL By] =a aly ie eyProblem 4.13 The propagator K(x, x';T) = (rle“7/*|x’) of a free particle is proportional tthe exponential of the classical action forthe motion of the particle from point x to poit x’ in the time interval T, defined as S = jdt Smo), namely rivein~an( 8) nafs] (a) In order to verify whether this property is tru fora harmonic csclator, first calcula — sf a[$eo 4] {the motion of a classical particle with conditions xO—x, x =x (©) Consider the expression eae —10 a0(! 4 The harmonic oscillator nm ‘with F( an unknown function, ad dotermigo this function fom the roquiremca! that ‘the propepator sities he Schroednger equation for henarmonicosilator. Determine the remaining multplicative constant by demanding that the propagator expression ‘reduces tothe fee propagator expression' in he liit of vanishing frequeacy (© Check that he expression you have found forthe harmonic oscillator propagator ap- ‘roaches the comec limit when 1 > 0 —Fe.Solution (a) The solution ofthe classical equation of motion =~ x, subject to the ‘conditions (0) = x, x(T) = x, is easily found to be a= xeon + ( ~s eae) sinor maT After bit of alba, he classical action is calelated ote malo. vm dex sa 8e [ue + enor - 2] (©) Substituting the expression Kix.) sen ~ [+P eaen - Into the harmonic escilator Schroedinger equation Sal} a, Pe not (03 ESM e)curin=0 end tat itis indeed aise provide that “fo @ LO 8 pi cor ‘This as eaation asthe sation FO aa ‘The constant C is determined from the w + O limit to he C= Jiom]3xih. The ‘complete expression forthe harmonic oscillator propagator is ths eres = [PE exo [i [0 + xP oaton - 2} (©) Asafinal check, lt us consider the zero-time limit, in which the propagator should reduce to a delta function: ex. = (lr) =86-¥) In onder to take this limit, we regularize our expression, giving a small imaginary [patio the ime via s > 1 ~ fe, Our expression becomes [eo Fee w]e =x) K(x, 250)Problem 322 Aa clecros moves under the influence of anclctic ld defined wee My wacrea. Wz 3 Simo potent: 7 re) (sce Fig. 19). In te WKB epproxination the x-dependeat part of is enemy eigenfunctions in be x > 0 ezion sof he form | te whore apain (2) —2m[F— Veny/h Xe) —2mIVEx) — FIR and ic the turning pent defined by E-= V(b). Find the energy cizenvaluss in this approximation. oxe[ ft dex). es Peo Pde kie) m/f], cb‘The poteatialcomespondingto the giver electri fed wl be efx roa ven =o. “acrea efx, xe ‘The Schroclinge equation can be reduced to one-dimensional equations bythe separation of variables. The energy eigenfunctions ae 1 iy ge Wen = Eee yEa) \where y(x) solves the above ene-imensinal poeatal vith energy eigenvalues The tal energy eigenvalues are Acconling the given WKB formula forthe wave Function W(x), weshal ave, fora peintto the eft ofthe right-hand bare, act enf factor “This should coincide withthe corsronding wavefunction constructed fora pit 1 te Right of he lethal burier, umely ‘k elf sete ‘Thus, we must have ve) v.08) voonsi om flan ‘This is the WKB cuartzation condition. Ie sivesFlee wa) (A wane EY" ‘This is independent of o and coincides with the WKB result forthe potential Va -etlsi In erderto go teyond his approximation, wecat expand the above equation in tems of 7. We obtain 28 303 eX gage: ‘or ening the nett leading term, Sea del) ot en et a mo tetst and obain #86) ‘Ths foaly we ext veo Cee)" ai $2)