The Solubility of Nitrogen and Air in Liquids Aubin Battino, Timothy R. Retticn,”” and Toshiniro Tominaga" Department of Chemistry, Wright State Univers, Dayton, Ohio 45435 ‘This review covers the solubility of wilsogen and at in liguids asa function of tempera ture and pressure. Solubility data for individual systems were critically evaluated. Recom- ‘mended or tentative values are presented as smoothing equations and/or in tabular form. ‘Trendsin homologous series or related solvents are discussed. Data forthe n-alkanes were smoothed with respect to temperature, pressure, and carbon number. Liquids include: water; heavy water; seawater; aqueous salt solutions; mixed solvents; hydrocarbons; or= ganic compounds containing oxygen, halogen, sulfur, nitrogen, or silicon; olive oi; va fous biological tuids; H,S; SO;; NH; CO,; nitrogen oxides; and several halogen snd boron containing inorganic solvents, Key words ar: aaneous solutions: biological fuids: ens solubility: drocarbons: nore sol vents mixed solvents nitrogen; organic solvents; seawater, Water Contents 1 Ansan son pun Waer asd 2-Propnel/ 2 Matha fest. i Wine Mie a Se Ba aug, MNES Tas 3.1, Solubility Units 567 panetriol (Glycerol}/Water Mix- 32) Relat Etats ser on 23, Fang Eat sa tae Negi bain "33a 34. Therapie Fcons se Fa steattehond 4. Ntopn Sai eA trim) Mare an Sut seen in Wa Saas ops sss ropa Seapets apt 30 ow neoace Mes pond “6 tae Sivope Sts n ey 1x, Repo ane ih promo A/a Mista Hic me han, Sara a tie Roig Bcuricon Wace side ter Mies 42, Sibi MipennSeavaersceces S10. AS, Nope Mie on (01055 4.3. Solubility of Nitrogen in Aqueous Salt So- MPa), sven te 7 UE sis af anal fee Added Danone ad Eel Pos 22. GES Gopi sae mn Fmt 35. omtsun Bs triacs Ean 44, ‘Ssbitey of Nog in Gru Sohens Ete Ont Diy Pon ine = Ether is El nd Bese Te Sisco Heenan Wate res on sae Mnuree Ppl 44m Niropn St Tinanpete and Ce Peas a eee tae. Riropn Seba ie Be. sa, Mins af hye Fw Dimethylhydrazine 7 46. Niro i Met Sve oa tf Fn Nr Se une ern ot «= HEE_‘Mit of Ae Ad ad Cy ‘Science, -1 Rida-ch, Okayama-200, Japan. kezanone tan Minuet Se © 1984 by the US. Secretary of Comme behalf of the United States. re toes SOSA mma «se Mine of Mattie ‘Repos ealabl frome ACS; ee Reprint Lit at back of se 4.6, Mixtures of Oxygen and Nitrogen 0047-2080 8¢/020865-38/807.00, 563 4 314 sm sv 375 515 375 315 ss 516 316 316 576 sm Phys. Chem Ret Data, Vol 13, No.2, 188441. 48. 49, 4 Phys. Chem. Ret. Data, Vol 13, No.2 BATTINO, RETTICH, AND TOMINAGA in Cyclohexane ‘Nitrogen in Hydrocarbons (0.101 325 MPa) 47a. nAlkanes as a Group 471. Alkanes Individually 42.41. n-Pemtane un 4782. wlexane. 473. n-Heptane.. 474, n-Octane. 47b5. 224-Trinetiipentane. 4706, wNonane, 4.7.7. n-Decane 4TB8. Cyt0Cs 47.09. nHesadecane, Cyclic Hydrocarbons 47.0.1, Cyelohexane. ce 47.62. Other Cyclic Hydrocar- bons. Aromatic Hydrocarbons 474.1. Benzene. $7412. Toluene Ate. 42a. Nitrogen in Hydrocarbons [above 0.101 325 MPa) : 48a. The n-Alkanes asa Group 48. Methane... 48. Ethene 48d. Ethane senso 48.e Propene 481 Propane 48g Butane. 4.8), 2-Methylpropane (Isobutane) B85 MP UMAR creme 2-Methylbutane nHexane setleptane Octane . 2.2,4-Trimethyipentane Desa wenn m-Dodecane n-Hexadecane Cyclohexane $00, Methiyleyee 481. Benzene 48u, Toluene Nitrogen in Ormanic Compounds ing Oxygen (0.101 325 MPa)... 492. Alcohols asa Group .... 49. 494. 492. 2-Propanol 498. 498. 49h, 495, 495, eHtepuanl 49%. 1-Octanol 491. -Decanol 49m. 1-Nonanol. EUndecanol aad Dodecanal ... sm 377 377 377 377 377 378 378 378 378 378 378 578 578 378 379 379 379 379 490. Cyclohenano! and 1,2-Ethanediol (Ethylene Giyeo!) 49.0: 2-Propanone (Acetone). 49.p. Acetic Acid, Methyl Ester [Methyl Acetate) 49.4. 1, -Onybiscthane (Diethyl Ether 49.7. Other Organic Compounds Con- taining Oxygen ‘Nitrogen in Organic Compounds Containe ing Onygen (above 0.101 325 MPa}... 4.10, Methanol 4.108. Ethanol 410s, Cyclohexanone 410d, 1,Dioxolan-2-one,medhyl, {Propylene Carbonate} 1,2,3-Propanetriol, (Glycerol Triacetate) Pentanedioic AcidDimethyl Es- ter (Dimethyl Glutarate) 2,3,6)1,14-Pentaosapentadccane (Tetcamethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ester). oes 4.10. 1,2-Epoxyethane Ethylene Oxide) "Nitrogen in Organic Compounds Contain- ing Halogen (0.101 325 MPa)... 4.ll.a. Dichlorodifuoromethane (Freon- 12) se ve ‘Tetrachloromethane sn. ‘Trichloromethane (Chloroform) 1,2Dichlore-1,1,2.2-tetrafuor- ethane (Freon-T14) sno 1M.2ichlre22-ioroeh- 4.10. 406. ‘wiacetate 4.104. 4108. 4a. aan, atte and. Ale. sane ate. tlh ani L-Chlorohexane Undecafluro(triluorometbylley- clohexane, (perfuoromethyleyclo- Iaexane) ee Hevadecatorobepiane iperfuor- pate nn 1-Bromoheptane Decafiuorobisiridluoromethy) celohexane _(perfuorodimethy] eyelohexane) ee 1412.23,3485,5,66-Trideca- fuoro-6[1,2,2,2-etrafluoro-1- (rinuoromedsyjetaony}esane (perfiuoro-I-isopropoxyhexane} 1,12,2,334,4-Octafuoro-1y¢- bist] 2.2.2-tetraivoromethyle1- (trifucromethyljethony) butane [perfuoro-| 4-diisopropxybutane) Methane, chlorotrifuT0 uenun “Teuntupiomettaie on Germanium Tetrachloride Other Organic Compounds Con- taining Halogen 4.12, Nitrogen in Organic Compounds 4M 4k. 4a. 4.1m, 4a. 4i1o. annp. Ala. ails. 387 387 57 ses 588 S38 588 a8 see 38 se8 588 588 588, 588 seo 89 589 539 se9 589 389 369 590 390 20 590 590‘SOLUBILITY OF NITROGEN AND AIR IN LIQUIDS {ng Halogen (above 0.101 325 MPa}. Suiza, Calorouimuuremeviane (rico 1B) 4.12b, Dichiorodituoromethane 4c. Tetrachloromethane 4.124, Tetrafuoromethane 4.126, Chlorodiivoromethane 418, zopen in Solvents Coming Niogen (0.101 325 MPs) 4.130, Nitromethane 591 4136, NMethylacetamide 591 413e. Nitie Aci, Propyl Ester 591 48 Ryo Ping and pene dine. 4.1%¢, Nitrobenzene S91 TF Renranamine Ailion) 391 41g. 112,23,3464-Nonafuoro- NN bis. (nonsfivorobuty}I-butana- mine (perfuorobut] amine) ou. 597 413m, Hydrazine, Methylydaazine, and 1, Dimethylhydrazine $92 443i, 12Dimethylbydzazine oncnone 592 4614, Nitrogen in Solvents Containing Niosen {above 0.10) 328 MPa). 4.14. Pyrvolidinon,t-methyl- 414. 2-Pyzrolidinone,1 5-dimethy)- Nitrogen in Organic Conmponnde Crntsin: ing Sulfur o Scone 415. Carbon Disulfide 4180. Sali isethane Dime So rosie} Sulfur Hexafuoride.. Octamethyleycloterasiloxane Methyltrichloroilane and Silicon Tetrachlerde. Biologia! Fuids 4.163 Solubility in Some Oils and Lara ANG. Solubility in Olive Oi 4.160. Nitrogen Solubilities in Various ‘Human and Animal Fuids Nitrogen Sohbilities in Benzene Solutions ot Cholesterol, Cepna- Tin, and Lecithin ann [Nitrogen Solubities in Urea/Wa- fe Mites on Nitrogen Solis in Some Mis- cellaneous Biological Solutions. Miscellaneous Fluids... : 4.17. Compounds Containing Sur 417. Nitrogen Oxides AW 2e. AmmORIA conn 4178. Carbon Dioxide nn 417e. Halogen and Boron Cont inne Solvents ‘Air Soluble. S11, Water and Aqnnove Sat Soiions 52 Hygrcurtonsand Orpen Cotining o- vents Halogen Containing Solvents. 4186. 4isd. 4182. 416, 4.164, 4.166. 4165, 4.7 33, $90 390 590 390 530 590 590) ° i & 13 14 18, 16. 1. 1. Se. Miscellaneous ‘Cuneta ‘Acknowiedgments, References List of Tables. ‘Second virial coficients fr nitrogen... Solubility of nitrogen in water for partial pres: sureof gas0.101 325 MPa calculated by Eq (10) ‘Thermodynamic functions fr the process of dis solving nitrogen at 0.101 325 MPs partial pres ‘vein water at selected temperatures Solubility of nitrogen in D.O at 0.101 325 MPa Coeficients for Eq. (13) for several solubility bility in seawater Bunsen cotficient cfr nitrogen solubility in ‘seawater at several temperatures and salinities. Sechenov sal-flect parameters for nitrogen ds ‘solved in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions Sechenoysalt-eflect parameters for nitrogen di ved in aqnente stom hydroside slutins Sechenovsalt-eflect parameters fr nitrogen dis solved in aqueous sodium chioride solutions. Sechenov sal-effect parameters fr nitrogen sal ‘Uptyin molar Liciana Rt aqueous solunons Sechenov salt-effect parameters for dissolving sitrogen in aqueous K,CO, solution. Sechenoy salt-effect parameters for disalving nitrogen at 298.15 Kin aqueous acetate solu- ‘Mole fraction solubilities of nitrogen in alabol/ water mintoree at 0.101 328 MPa partial pres- sure of nitrogen, 10%, Mole fraction solubilities of nitrogen in water rich regions of sleahol/water mintures at ‘O.101 325 Ma partial pressure of nieogen ‘Mole fraction solubilities of nitrogen in mixtures ‘of ethanol plus 2-propanone and ethanol plus 2.2dctrimethvlpentane 0.101 325 MPa partial pressure of nitrogen, 10%, Mole fraction solubilities of nitrogen in mixtures cof acetic ci, ety ester ethyl acetate] plus eth- i tum ny ts) pls wt ‘nol: and beazene plus ethanol at 0.101 325 MPa partial pressure of nitrogen, 10x, ‘Mole faction solubilities of nitrogen in mixtures ‘of I-propano! plus 2,24-trimethylpentane:c)- ‘lohexane plus 22.4rimethylpentane; and hy- and Smith show a neariy constant value fOr ky. Up 10 400 K. ‘Clever sugeests the iting equation Ink, = ~ 47878 + 10030/7+ 204780 (15) “able 10 shows the eet of ihium chloride an pos: sum odie on nitrogen solubility as measured by Morton ‘and Bille Their potassium chloride results are widely tues between 273 and 313 K. ‘Areglar trend ofsal-flectparametersasa function of ‘ation and anion sizes for Group LA metal halides hasbeen noted for oxygen sabi Specialy, the smalls ca tion-ion pair LiF ad the largest valve for Ky, and these ‘values decreased uniformly tothe lowest value forthe egest caton-anion air Cx" No sich rend aber for wien: en solubility. This may be due to less accurate measure: sents, fewer salts examined (four for nitrogen vereus 20 for ‘oxygen) or an actoal chemical dfeence between the sys (Other group 1A salts investigated include Na,SO, and Na,$0,, At 298.15 K, Yasushi” caleulaed values for .0f 0.383 and 0.353, respectively, A mixture of the two ees= irolyes had a combined efect intermediate between these two values. No concentration dependence was observed from 0-10 mol L~! mol L~* NaHCO, and 0677 mol L~* Né,CO, on slubil- ity. The Sechenov parameters were determined tobe 0.170 and0.373L mol respectively, Schroder determined the 4 Pha, Cham. Ref. Data, Vol 1, No.2, 1984 BATTINO, RETTICH, AND TOMINAGA } ai) 28 was os sa no outset Semene lute sre coumtfal. 10) cate frm Bef 8. ‘et of K,CO.. with esults shown in Table 11. The niteo- ‘en pressure raged from 10 to 40 MPs. The sat-fect pa- "ameter appears to decrease with increased electrolyte con 42e-Group tA sats Group HA metal salts which have been examined in- clude MgSO, and CaCl. The Smith et af results for Migs, (wo coueent suis, 909.13 son a 1.3°7.0 MI) lead tok values of 022 L mol™!, and for CaCh, (four con- effect of BuCl, on nitrogen solubility between 78 and 298 K. ‘The vales for fi. increased from 0.31 19036 L mal™* as‘SOLUBILITY OF NITROGEN AND AIR IN LIQUIDS temperature inreasea. rowever, this contradicts the gener- alization that the salt-ffect parameter decreases with in- ‘creasing temperature. 143. Other Sate Brasted and Hirayama*” measured the effect of several transition metal acetates on the solubility of nitrogen in a ‘mixed solution of .0 mol L~" acetic acid and 0.50 mol L~ sodium acetate in water. Unfortunately, they did not mea- sure the solubility of nitrogen in the mixed solution in the aboence of transition metal aostates. Consequently, the mea- sured salteffect parameters isted in Table 12 are for total electrolyte molarity, C, which includes the transition metal acetates. 4.4. Solubility of Nitrogen in Organic Solvents Plus Water (0.101 325 MPa) ‘The solubility of nitrogen in drganic solvents plus water has been studied for nine systems. All but two systems were studied at only one laboratory. In ethanol + water mixtures ang 1,2,-propaneaio! + water mixtures, tee groups mea- 573 sured the nitrogen solubilities but at different temperatures ‘oF compositions. Thus the comparison of result from difer- ent laboratories is dificult and all ofthe data are classed as tentative ‘The mole fraction solubilities at 0.101 325 MPa partial pressure of nitrogen} in aleohol/water mixtures were fited vy Xi = ot Avtnon +Asthon + Asthons (16) in the composition range between 0.1 to 1 in mole fraction of fn alcohol xqoy)- The smoothed values ofthe mole fraction solubility, the coefficients of Eq, (16), and the standard devi ation in x, are listed in Table 13. The original solubilities in the water rich region are listed in Table 14. In the aloohol/ ‘water mixtures, the solubility shows a maximum in between 0100.1 in xno, and then increases after passing through ‘minimum asthe content ofthe alcohol increases. 444.2. nitrogen Solbities in Methanol/Water Mixtures Only Tokunaga” measured nitrogen solubilities in rmemanol/water Mixtures at 299.13 and 313.13 Kai ‘8 0.101325 WPa partier pressure of nitrogen, 10°x, trtetion |___tetnaoriner | etnoinister | seteopnorter | antropnat ater ot nics | ene anise [etna Jaisa| soa faraisx| aaice [asi on ee | one | ose | ons | oan | oss | one | ons a2 ety | ot | oer | oar | oer | oss | ons | ous a o.zxy | cart | ote | o.tso | ores | o.ers | octoe | 0.152 on ozs | o.nos | o.res | o.6g0 | oxy | 1.206 | tse | rata os ses | ost | 013 | o.ses | stor | 1.605 1.386 os osteo | o.r96 | nes | r.360 | teres | 2.009 2.021 or ose | sors | sero | so | ae | 2am | aan | asue out rane | ona | 2a | 2a | zcon | asco | aoe | a.s20 0.9 es | tsee | acer | zoe | oer | aos | ser | 3.60 hae | aasiy | .obtr | avee | oars | o.teis | -o.r2m | 0.2364 | -0.0057 wha, | -e.1600 | aseasr J avert | assess | ates | 25.2005 | se.rst2 | 18.4007 wht | axcese | ror s.soar | zs.2n0 | 20.re66 | raters | ascaror | 26.089 wat 96 | so. 02 ‘ a.siae | roser 1 oh c.ces | oor | oom | o.cz | 0.02 | oor | 0.06 | 0.051 Phesents tn ge (16). onandane deviatson Sn x). Phys. Chem. Ret Data, Vol 18, No.2, 1984"ae one smootnea results re givens 18b!5 15a 16.2 values in pre water are 49%-5% higher than th recommended val ‘uesand his values in methanol are lower than those reported bby most other people. Although the orginal data were fitted ‘by Eq (16)to obtain the values in Table 13, at 298.15 K the original data can better be reproduced by Ixy = — 11.2186 + 08252 xpoy + 50818 shou ~ 3.1604 sons un with the standard deviation in x, being 14 10~* compared with 2'55.10~* from Bq, 16} At 313.18 , by ignoring an Original point at 0.8957 mole fraction in methanol, Eg (16) gives a better ft sing 1.392810", — 1.1952X10~*, 1,61045%10~* and 7.20807 10~* for dy, Ay An and Ay respectively th standard deviation in x18 1-2%<10"" com: pared with 4.1% 10~*in Table 13. 44. Nitrogen Solbities in Ethanol Water Mixtures Three different groups have studied the solubility of nitrogen in ethanol Water mixtures. Just measured the sol- bility in the two pure components and in two mixtures at 298.15 K. His value in water is 2% higher and his value in ‘ethanol is 3.6% lower than the recommended values in the respective pure solvents. Kretschmer et a”* measured the colubility in 9560 ethanol by volume covering the tempers ture range 248 to 323 K. Tokunaga’s values” are shown in ‘Tables 13 and 14. His values in pure ethanol ae 1.5%6-2.5% higher than the recommended values. ‘446, Ntrogen Soluiities in -Propanol/ Water and 2-Propanol/ Water mixtures Only Tokunaga’® has studied these system. Hi waluee are shown in Tables 13 and 14. His vale in I-propanal at 298.15 K is 6% lower and his values in -propanol are 3%— 10% lower than the recommended values in the respective solvents 4. Phys. Chem. Ret, Data, Vo. 13, No.2 1068 BATTINO, RETTICH, AND TOMINAGA 4.4. Wtrogen Solbites in 123-Propanetil(Sycerl) Water stores, ‘Taree groups have studied hip systenn, Drucker ad “Moles” measured the solubility in water and in ive mintures covering the weight fraction of glycerol from 0.16 00.841 at 298.2 K. Their vale in pure water is 2.6% higher than the recommended value, The Ostwald coefcient is reproduced by 1 =00150—00315W + 001981”, 8) with a standard deviation of 6.1 10~*, where W stands for ‘the weight fraction of glycerol. Miller measured the nitro- gen solubility inthe seven mixtures covering the weight frac- {ion of glycerol from 0.25 to 0.9 at temperatures near 288 K. Hamme! measured the solubility in water and in 12 mixtures covering the weigh ration of glycerol fom 0.157 to 0.9926 at 288 K. His value in pure water is 61% lower ‘than the recommended value. Although Miller's values are {66-20% higher than Hammel's value, this values for the ‘Ostwald coeficient Z are reproduced by L-= 00174 — 002457 + 001220, 09) with a standard deviation 5.710; the solubility de- créases from water to the mixture of ca 0.8 weight fraction slycerol where the solubility is almost constant. Ae, Nitrogen Solbities in 222-Trichloro-t.-ethanedil "hioral Hyerate/ Water Mbures ‘Miller messured the solubility in seven mixtures cov- «ring the composition range 0.158-0.788 in weight fraction ff chloral hydrate at near 288 K. Hammef** measured the solubility in water and in 13 mixtures covering the weight fraction of chloral hydrate 0.069 to 0.791. Although Miller's values are 0%-20% higher than Hamme!’ values. their combined values for the Ostwald coefcient are repro: duced by 0.0176 — 0.02017 + 0.02101, (20) ‘witha standard deviation 9.4% 10%, where W stands forthe ‘weight fraction of chloral hydrate. The solubility shows a imum at 0.5 to 0.6 weight fraction of chloral hydrate, ‘441. mitrogen Solubltes in PropanoleAcld/Water Matures Braun" measured the solubility in water and eight mix- ‘tures of water plus propanoic acid covering the composition range from 0.038 to 0.112 in weight fraction of propancic acid at 278.2, 283.2, 288.2, 293.2, and 298.2 K. His valuesin [pare water ere 2190 higher at 378.2 Hand 3.4% lowor at 298.2 K than the recommended valves. The following equs- tions give the smoothed values for the Ostwald coefficient L, as. fonction ofthe weight fraction of propanoic acid WY, in ‘the range between Oand0.112 of W.L = 0.0221 — O017AW at 2782 K with a standard deviation 2.0X10~*; L = 0.0206 — 0.018607 at 283.2K with astandard deviation, 10-4; Z = 0.0185 — 0.01S0W at 288.2 K with a stan- dard deviation 2.4X 10-4 L =0.0171 — 0.0148 at 293.2 K with a standard deviation 2.5x10~*; and L = 0.0186 — 0001120721 298.2K with astandard deviation 16x10"‘SOLUBILITY OF NITROGEN AND AIR IN LIQUIDS 575, 449, Nitrogen Solubities in 2Methyipropanoie Acid/Water ‘uituree Dmncker and Males® measnred the solubility in the ‘mixture containing 37.5% of 2-methylpropanoic acid at 1296.17 and 302.17 K and a pressure range between 0.032 and 0.115 MPa. Their values for the Ostwald coefficient at ca (O.1UTS MPa are 0.04 at 296.17 K and USK at 302.17 K. 440. ttrogen Goluities in Acctamide Water Mixtures ‘Hiifner”' measured the solubility in water and @ mix- ture of acetamide and water at an acetamide concentration ‘of 1 Omal Lat 293 4 K. Hie value in pore water ie 0.8% lower than the recommended value, and his valuein the mix- ture is 0.014 76 as the Bunsen coefficient. 45. Nitrogen in Mixed Solvents (0.101 325 MPa) ‘The solubility of nitrogen binary organic solvents has ‘been reported in fou papers. Kretschmer eal studied two systems a three temperatures between 273 and 323 K but at ‘only one composition each, Nitta er a.*” studied five sys- ‘tems covering the whole composition range atone tempera ture. Finally, Chang and Gokcen* studied one system inthe ‘whole composition range and in the temperature range 273- 303 K. Each system was studied by only one group and the results are considered tentative. 22a-Trimethyipentane Kretschmer etal” studied the solubility f nitrogen in these two mintures at 273.15, 298.15, and 323.15 K, and at only one composition each. Their values are isted in Table 15. The enthalpies and entropies of solution are 2042 Jmol! and — $7.53 mol~! K~ for the mixture of ethanol plus 2-propanone (0.888 mole fraction in ethanol, and 749, J mol and — 58.0) mol! K~forthemisture of ethanol plus2,2¢-trimethylpentane 0.739 mole fraction in ethanol), respectively. a = ee ge ee a ‘etre of ete Pat Zproptee here th mae Faction or wae 05. oe este of wee pet 22 Seon sero of es Sastre of tea, ne nee — 45, Mistures of Acetle Acé, Ethyl Ester (Ethyl Acetate) Plus Ethanol, Ethane, 1,-Oxybis (Oiethy Ether) Plus Ethanol, and ‘Bonaenepive Ethane! Nitta ef af2” studied the solubility of nitrogen in these three mixed solvent systems at only one temperature each. ‘Their values are listed in Table 16. The mole faction sohubil- ity of nitrogen is expressed asa function ofthe mole fraction ‘of ethanol a follows: ym BISX 10 — 4.4610 ar with an average deviation of 0.7% for the mixture of acetic acid, ethyl ester plus ethanol; 2X) = .TOX 10-4 — 8.55104 ta with an average deviation of 2.7% forthe mixture of ethane, 1,1/-onybis plus ethanol; and j= ASAXIO™ 1.002610" aa with an average deviation of 0.696 forthe mixture of benzene plusethanol. The deviations from linearity havea qualitative similarity with the excess volumes of the mized enlvente =? 45, Miures of 1-Propano! Plus 224-Teiethypentane and ‘yetohexane Pus 2.24-Trimethypentane ‘Nhux erat seuted the soli oF nitrogen in tnese sixtures covering the whole composition ranges 298.15K ‘Theicvalues relisted in Table 17. The mole ration solu ity of nitrogen asa funtion of the mole faction of 22.4 tsimethypemtane xq in each mixed solvent i expressed 28 fllows: j= 399% 10~* + 11.35% 10~* xp With an average deviation of 0.6% forthe mixture of I-propanol plus 2,24-trimethypentane; and y= 758X104 + 7.7010" pe with an average deviation of0.1% forthe misture of eyelo~ hexane ps 2,24-trimethylpentan. 4. Phys. Chem. Ret. Data, Vol. 13, No.2, 184576 ‘hore resion of 2p neietgestne or tease Sess of eptotane 4.51, Mixtures of Hydrane Pls 11-Dimethynydrazine ‘Chang and Gokcen’* studied the solubility of nitrogen in the mixtures of hydrazine plus 1,1-dimethylhydrazine covering the whole composition range and the temperature Table 1, coeresosentet for nitrogen solubilities én hycrasioe/1,tadinethyliycrazine aixtunes at 0.101% Wole fraction of ty edsnetnptiyaressne ae x, + A, + hy/TPR). 4 Phys. chem. Ret. Oats, Vo. 13, No.2, 1964 BATTINO, RETTICH, AND TOMINAGA range 273-303 K. Their values at 28.15 Kare listed in Te ble 17. The mole fraction solubilities of nitrogen (at (0.101328 MPa part pressure of nitrogen) a ater texs- peratures can be calelated by —In.x,= y+ Ay/(T /K) ‘between 273 to 303 K. The values of y'and Ay ar listed in Table 18. 46. Nitrogen in Mixed Solvents (above 0.101 325, MPa) ‘The systems in this section are complicated because the solubility is a function of three variables, i. temperature, pressure, and composition ofthe solvents. The data are not bulicient allow us tof the solubility as a function ofthese three variables together. For acetic acid-cyclohexanone and acetic acid-cyciohexanol-cyclohexanone mixtures, the solu bility was fitted asa function of temperature and pressure for a fixed composition of the solvents. The other two systems ‘where the solubility cennot be ited by a simple equation are the methyleyclobesane-heptane and eyclohexane-oxygen ‘46. Mixtures of Acetic Acid and Cyclohexanone ‘Khodeeva and Dymova"® measured the solubility of ni- ‘trogen in two mixtures of acetic acid and cyclohexanone. In the mixture of 25 wt, % ofeyciohexanone before absorption, their data were fitted 10 give the following equation in the temperature range s#8-43 K ana.n the pressurerange 2.1~ 8.8 MPa Inx, = — 4.1957 — 5.2548/r + 0.9893 In\P /MPa), (22) witha standard deviation of 0.059 In x,. Inthe mixture of ‘64 wt. % of cyclohexanone before absorption, they mea- sured the solubility at 373.18 and 423.15 K and in the pros sure range 2.4-8.3 MPa, The data gave Inx, = ~ 4.6129 ~ 2.9525/r + 0.9926 In(P /MPa) ov witha standard deviation of 0.035 in In x, ‘48. irtres of Cycloheranol, Cyclohexanone, and Acetic Acid Khodeeva and Dymova" measured the solubility of ni- ‘trogen in three mixtures of cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, and acetic acid. In the misture where the weight fractions before absorption are 0.10, 0.225, and 0.675 for eyclohex- ‘anol, cyclohexanone, and acetic acd, respectively, their data ‘at 373.15 and 423.15 K in the pressure range 3.3-11.9 MPa ~ 40791 ~ 5,3952/ + 0.9866 In\P /MPa), (24) (0.20, 052, 0.28 weigh fractions of cyclohexanol, eyelohex- ‘none, and acetic acid, respectively, before absorption, their data at 373.15, 423.15, and 448.15 K in the pressure range 3.1-79 MPa gave = 3.8655 ~ 5.5169/7 + 0.9533 InP /MPal, (25) ‘witha standard deviation of 0.031 in In x, In the mixture of‘SOLUBILITY OF NITROGEN AND AIR IN LIQUIDS oT (0.10, 0.585, and 0.315 weight fraction before absorption of cyelohexanol, cyclohexanone, and acetic acid, respectively, their data at 373.15, 423.15, and 448.15 K in the pressure range 2.7-8.6 MPa gave — 3.1080 — 6.4796/r + 1.0176 In(P /MPs} (26) with a standard deviation of 0.040 in In x, 48. Mixtures of Methvivclohexane and Heotane Brunner etal studied ths system in the temperature ange 453 to 492 K and inthe pressure range 13 0.33 MPa. ‘The number of date points are 10 small to express them in an analytical form. ‘4.5. mistures of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Cyclohexane _Rnodeeva"” mewsured de slubllyy oreo mniaLutes oF nitrogen and oxygen (0.082 and 0.200 volume fraction of ‘oxygen in the gas phase}in cyclohexane. Total mole fractions of the gases in liquid are available asa function of pressure (4-11 MPa) at 373.15, 403.15, and 433.15 K. 4.7. Nitrogen in Hydrocarbons (0.101 325 MPa) Nitrogen solubilities have been measured in pure hy= ly. Atthe higher temperatures and pressures, the smoothing, function predicts mole fraction solubilities greater than one. This is, of course an artifact of the fitting process. Caution’ shoula be employed When using nes tbe. ‘48. Metnane “Thic stem has heen studied intensively. We found the results reported in seven papers™* to be consistent with cach other and have used their data to obtain the following oem | oe ee el eam| aT ; 2 | cain | soon | : ae rn se sane. Shien sets ate valid over the range 0,02 to 5.0 MPs and 91 and 187 K. The ‘standard deviation in in x was 0.17-Smoothed data are pre- sented in Table 32 equation: ane einene nx, = 0.345 72 — 10.4175 In + + 0.288 87(P/MPa} Oe eee eet + 1.51847 niP /MPal, (38) groups!" in the combined ranges of 12010 260K and0.5t0 ct [sor | sever | v2 we] za sea me] 2m [eerie [ose | soo espe] soc oe] rte ‘Stabe are te rane Shoe nt mt rin te a 4: Phys. Chem. et. Data, Vol. 1, No.2, 1884582 BATTINO, RETTICH, AND TOMINAGA = 5.6040 4+ 34541/7 + 0.065 000)? /MPa) + 0.983 64 In(P /MPs), (39) with a standard deviation of 0.033 in In x, Smoothed data are given in Table 33. 480, Ethane ‘The data from six papers! were used: for smoothing for the nitrogen/ethane system in the ranges 122-301 K and 0.35-13.5 MPa, The smoothing equation is — 5.7645 — 3.9149/7 10.077 74317 Mra -f 0.891 OF InfrMAPs) 4) ‘witha standard deviation of 0.18 in In x,,Smoothed data are siven in Table 34 480. Propene ‘Two groups studied the nitrogen/propene system but under conditions that are quite divergent. We present ‘smoothing equations foreach author's work separately. Bla- {oi and Orobinskii* studied this system from 79 to 91 K and ‘saw eof stam tn ne ea from 0.03 to 0.25 MPa, Their data were smoothed to give ney — — 7.9433 + $.1635/r 4 1.0011 InP MP, 4) ‘with a standard deviation of 0.13 in In xy, {Graves of 01 atin thie eyetem in the ranges 242. 290 K and I.7-19.1 MPa, Smoothing their data gave Inx, = — 5.1748 + 1.4799/r + 1.2670 inlP MPa, (42) witha standard deviation of 0.11 in in x, Interestingly, combining the two sets of data in the ranges 79-290 K and 0.03-19.1 MPs gave Inx, = ~ 5.7678 + 3.5032/7 + 1.1920 In\P /MPa) (43) ‘witha standard deviation of 0.13 nn x. Smoothed data are presented in Table 35. 481.Propane For nitrogen/propane, the results from five pa- pers!#7919097 in the combined ranges 92-353 K and O.1- ” 1 oa oom eats ea ee eel |e mae i etre 4. Phys. Chem. Ret. Data, Vol. 13, No.2, 1908 Soe te ane ern ne 1.9 or er pre‘SOLUBILITY OF NITROGEN AND AIR IN LIQUIDS 583 wo | earner? - . ~ |e 21.9 MPa were processed as group to give Inx, = ~ 8.2573 + 5.5313/+ 42.2768 In ¢ + 0023 $201P /MPa) ++ 0.883 34 In|P MPa}, (4) witha standard deviation of 084i In x, Smodthed results are presented in Table 36. 489.nButane Four groups studied the nitrogen/n-butane eye- tem,*°" but the results of Frolich er a, are in marked disagreement withthe other three more recent sets of dat. ‘Thus the data from Refs. 9-101 were used to obtain, Inxy = = 9.3627 + 6.1155/r +2.9140 nr +0.968 59 n/P/MP a}, (45) ‘witha standard deviation of 0.21 in In xy. Smoothed values ‘over a combined range of 153-422 K and 0.5-27.7 MPa, (original results) are given in Table 37 deh 48, 2Methypropane (\sobutane) ‘One group reported on this system in two papers." ‘The combined data covered the ranges 255-394 K and 0.2— 208 MPa. The following equation smooths the date: Inx, = — 4.6327 40.391 03 In + 1.1000 ingP MPa), (46) ‘witha standard deviation in nx, of 0.14. 484. -Pentane Kalra eral’? data on thenitrogen/n-pentane system were smoothed to give the following equation for 277-378 K, and 0.1-20.8 MPs: = 5.1561 + 0.74687 In +0441 InP Pa), an ‘The standard deviation in In x, was 0.11 48). 2Metnybutane Krishnan eta. measured the solubility of nitrogen in 2-methyTbutane from 278 to 377 K and 0.33 to 20.8 MPa, ‘Smoothing their data yielded Inx, = — 5.0682 + 0.61932 nr + 1.0902 Ini? /MPa}, (ss) with » standard devistion of 0.088 in In, 42k nHexane Poston and McKetta!™ and Baranovich and Smir- ‘nova'®” both studied this system. The former inthe ranges 311-444 K and 1.7-34.5 MPa and the latter 233-293 K and (0.2-0.7 MPa. Both sts of data were combined to yield mx, = — 1249994 1UL1098/7 + 4.0535 In 7 ~ 9.6932 10~°(P /MPa) + 1.0623 1nyP MP2), 9) witha standard deviation of 0.082 in In x, 481 nHeptane ‘This system was studied by five groups" jn the combined ranges of 298-497 K and 0.5-69.1 MPa. Their data were smoothed to give Inx, = — 6.92544 1.6157In ~ 0.016 01547 MP2) + 1.3059 In(P /MPa}, (50) with a standard deviation of 0.10 in In x. Combining with the 0.101 325 MPa data gave nx, = — 60808 4 1 4980 Ine +9750 Inf MPa), (61) with a standard deviation of 0.16 in In x,, Smoothed data, ‘based on this latter equation are presented in Table 38. 4am .noctane Raranovich and Smirnova” (233.203 K and 0.2.07 [MPs) and Graham and Weale"! (323-373 K and 10.1-304 Phys. Chem. et, Data, Vol. 19, No.2, 106804 BATTINO, RETTICH, AND TOMINAGA ew | eos | oan | wm | or asst | oan | ae sae stern st grr [MPa) studied this system in nonoverlapping ranges. The data were combined 1 give In xy = — 13,5566 4 124377/r 4+ 4.3390 in + — 0.022 130)? /MPa} + 11686 iain Mr, (52) with a standard deviation of 0.051 in in x,- When combined with data at 0,101 325 MPa the smoothing equation was Inxy = ~ 5.8723 + 1.163307 +0.969 99 inf? MP, (83) with a standard deviation of 0.14 in In x; 480.22.-Trimethypentane Graham and Weale"” and Peter and Ficke"™ both studied this system with combined ranges of 323-453 K and (0.1-61.8 MPa. Both sts of data were combined to yield Inx, = — 4.98095 + 0.608 40 In + — 0.005 179 4{P /MPa) + 0.990 001P /MPa), os ‘witha standard deviation of 0.054 in n x, . When combined with 0.101 325 MPa data the equation is. mma, = — 49012 + 0.02191 nF = 0.008 689 6(P /MPa) + 0,980 22 InP /MP a), 155) Aaamnoach and McKatta!? determined the calility of nitrogen in n-decane from 298 to 411 K and 2.8 to 34.5, MPa. Their extensive data were smoothed to give Tnx, = — 4.6817 40.166 79 nr — 0.012 868{P /MPs) + 1.0343 infP MPs}, (56) ‘witha standard deviation of 0.020 in ln x,. With 0.101 325 4 Phys. Chem. et. Data, Vl. 13, No.2, 1084 MPo data this is tnx, = 4.7008 403632 In 0.013857)? /MPa) + 1.0496 In\P /MPa}, (57) and the same standard deviation. |48p.mDodecane Rupprecht ang Faeth™® measured this syste, 297- 373 K and 0.10-103 MPa, and their eight points were ‘smoothed with 0.101 325 MPa data to give In, = — 155.3664 226.673/r +68.610In r+ 1.0031 InfP/MPa), (58) witha standard deviation of 0.024 in n x, 48.4. mtexadecane ‘This system was measured by Sultanov et al." 323— 523 K and 4:9-58.8 MPa. Smoothing their data yielded nx, = — 5.1480 4 1.1843 In r+ 0.713 27 InP MPa), (59) with standard deviation of 0.14 in Inx,, With 0.101 325 MPa data this is = 5.7064 + 1.2002 n= ~ 0.015 4112 MPs) + 1.0262 Ini? /MPa}, (60) with 0.13 asthe standard deviation in In xy 44a4,.Cycloberane Khodeeva"! (373-433 K, 5-10 MPa) studied this sys tem and his data were smoothed to yield 2681 + 1.1157 In + 1.0543 inlP MPa, (ol) witha standard deviation of 021 in In x,, Wild eral. [300 443 K, 0.1-1.9 MPa) also studied this system and calculated tavennge Hleuty’s nw constants over wie presure range. Their data were not suitable for processing with the high pressure data. However, processing the Khodeeva data with the 0.101 325 MPa data fncludine Ref. 78) eave Inx, = ~ 3.4329 4.4893/r + 0.973 29 Inj? /MPa), (62) ‘48. Methyleycohexane ‘mis system was Feportea on twice” oy the same ‘group and their data in the combined ranges 376-492 K and 2.0-68.7 MPa were smoothed to give nay = — 7.0195 + 1.6866 ta — 0.005 861(? /MPs) + 1.0843 InP /MPa), (63) with a standard deviation of 0.071 in Inx,. With 0.101 325‘SOLUBILITY OF NITROGEN AND AIR IN LIQUIDS MPa data this nx) = — 22.0484 + 26.1140/r ++ 7.8950 in 7 — 0.003 635 2 /MPa) + 1.0264 np Pa, (64) with standard deviation of 076 in ny, 481 Benzene ne nrtrogen,/enzene system was stuatea by Mller and Dodge!" (303-423 K, 6.2-30.7 MPa) and Krichevski and Efremova'™ (288 K, 2.7-78.5 MPa}. Both ses of data ‘were combined to give Inx, = ~7.4974-+1.9422 In 7 = 0.006 175 O,P MPa} + 0.974 81 In'P MPa), e ‘witha standard deviation of 0.025 in in x, With 0.101 325, MPa data this is laxy= — 5081 + 1.9052 1n+ — 0.007 291 9{P /MPa) + 1.0024 In,P /MPa), (6) witha standard deviation of 0.025 in in x,. These smoothed ‘data are presented in Table 39. ‘The nitrogen toluene system was studied by Tsikis et <10~*in xy, The smoothed solubility values are given in Table 48,SOLUBILITY OF NITROGEN AND AIR IN LIQUIDS 50a 4:15. Methylticlorostane and Sticon Tetrachorde Gorbachev and Tretyakov" measured the nitrogen solubilities in these two solvents by gas chromatography. ‘The Ostwald coefficients at 293 K are 0.187 and 0.225 for ‘methyltrichlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride, respective. yy. 4.16. Biological Fiuids ‘The solubility of nitrogen has becn determined ina var ‘ety of fuids present in or derived from living organisms. (See Ref. 1 fora comprehensive set of data sheets on these systems, In this section, we report on solubilities in several ‘grouped systems and in olive ol. It should be understood, that inthis paper we can only give brief descriptions of the fluids, partially for reasons of space but mostly because they ‘re not well characterized even inthe original papers. 4.16. Sotbity in Some Os and Lara ‘Table 49 gives the Bunsen codficient solubilities in © group of ols and lard. These values would all be considered to be tentative and are of the order of 2%~5% in precision, 44160, soupmny m o1ve OH ‘The solubility of nitrogen in olive ol was studied by four groups." However, the single value determined by ele ie much too low compared tothe ther results and is ‘ejected. Tentative smoothed values were obtained by leat- squares treatment to yield the following results in terms of the mole fraction solubility at 0.101 325 MPa partial pres- sure of gas x, and the Ostwald coeficent L: Inx, = — 5.6757 — 058383/7, 98) L = 1.988610" +2.3052% 10-17 /K). (99) ‘The standard deviation ofthe smoothed data was 3.196 at, SS aaa ee = OE LS ea SSE" 2 |S a ee Stat Sot Table 50. Witrogen solubilities én olive o12 1m wx, we 263.18 29 6 288.05 2.60 6.8 a5 2.81 6.96 298.15 ate not 33. 2.83 19 308.15, 2.08 10 313.15 2.85 ra ae. 205 153, 323.05 2.06 185 vas om 6 © ote fraction aolsbility (0.101325 Wa). cotwald coetticient. the midpoint ofthe temperature range. Smoothed values are given in Table 0 at $ K intervals ‘416. Muon Solute a Vertue Human ad Aria Fes For nitrogen solubilities in various human and animal fluids such as human blood and hemoglobin, ox blood and serum and hemoglobin, fish blood and human urine see Ref 1 Farhi et al determined the solubility of nitrogen ia ‘human blood derived from @ number of subjects and the averaged value of the Bunsen coefficient at 310.5 K was, 0.012 77 ata hematocrit of 45.2. The Bunsen coefficient sol- bility of nitrogen in human plasma for two subjects deter- ‘ined by the came authore at 310.4 V. averaged 0.013 OF. (Christoforides and Hedley-Whyte™" determined the solu: bility of nitrogen in human blood at 298 K (0.0145) and 310 K (0.0139) the Bunsen coeficient is given in parentheses ‘Farhi ef al* determined the solubility of nitrogen ia ‘human urine at 310.5 K for eight subjects whose urine had. diferent specitic graviies. The solubility (expressed as the Boncen coefizient @) ducreased ar the opecifc preity lop 87) inereased according to the equation: 075 £3 — 0.063 35 sp. gr, ceage deviation POAT. (000) 4.16.4. Mtrogen Sotbities in Benzene Solutions of Cholesterol, ‘Cephalin and Lectin Byme er al determined the solubility of nitrogen ia pre benzene and solutions made up of benzene plus the lipids cholesterol, lecithin, or cephalin at 310.6 K. Table $1 ives averaged valuco of the Ontwald cotficcats for these ‘systems as well as the salting-out parameter k defined in a 4: Phys. Chem, Ret. Dat, Vol 13, Ho. 2, 1964504 abe 5. Nitrogen solubiLitien 49 2p solutions so beneene we s06 0.9 on 0.0528 ow ong go. 0.1065 one 0.8 5 0.08 1 not? 1993 one 0.30 2 0.08 commits | 0.2005 ons 0:31 59.05 1 0.065? erating tt peranter 8 = (ig) tee gry) es the bene + Lipid solution, repectevey. extrapolated nttrogan solubility sn the mypotnetinl pure footnote to the table. These authors also extrapolated nitro- {gen solubilities in the hypothetical pure liquid lipid and {found these results tobe quite close tothe nitrogen solubility {in olive ot (ee able 50). 4.18.6. Nitrogen Solubities in Uroa/Water Mixtures Brant ‘water mixtures at five temperatures with a precision of about, 3%. Least-squares coefficients in terms of weight percent Table 52. Nitrogen solubi2itses in ures/uater aiztures m2 2.08 2.156 23.2 1.960 2270 208.2 1188 ane 101 shag rte nena -pettos Contticients ere fer the equation a + 1, + £8" Were a 15 the Bunsen coetfiotent and W" se the weteht evoontage of urea in the solution. ‘Phys. Chem, Ret. Data, Vo. 13, No.2, 1904 BATTINO, RETTICH, AND TOMINAGA urea are given in Table 52. The single temperature (293.3 K) value determined by Hiner" at a urea concentration of 1.0 moi Lisa Bunsen coefficient of0.0148 which agrees with- in 346 with Brown's value. 4.164, mirogen Soluilties in Some Miscellaneous Biologic! ‘Solutions ‘Table 53 gives the solubilities of nitrogen in some mis- cellaneous aqueous solutions of biological interest.” ‘Shkolnikova'” determined the solubility of nitrogen in three gelatin/water saltions as a function of temperature Least squares for the Bunsen coefficient follow: 1 wt. % gelatin: @ = 65.77 ~ 0.1786 (T/K) S wt % gelatin: = 68.84 — 0.1786 (7'/K) 1O wt. % gelatin: a = 71.28 — 0.2083 (7.7K) Miller determined the solubility of nitrogen in aqueous sucrose solutions at 290.5 K (40.5 Kj. A least- squares fit in terms of W", weight percent of aorose, and the Bunsen coefficient yielded a = 0.016 32 — 1.952 10-* W" 4.17. Miscellaneous Fluids In this section, we will discuss the solubility of nitrogen in a group of inorganieliguide ouch as ammonia carbon dioxide, and some fluorine compounds. See Ref. | for nitro- gen solubilities in oils, waxes fuels, hydrocarbon blends, and mixtures. 4.17. Compounds Containing Sutur Domte and Ferguson measured the solubility of ni- ‘wages it 90; aun gave he following eatin w= 107%: logy, K = 8.729 — 1786/7 Kj, (101) where Kis the Kuenen coeficient of solubility or em* (STP) (of gas dissolved in I g of solvent at U.101 323 MPs partial pressure of gas Dean and Walls! determined the concentration of ni- trogen in hath theFiquid and exe phases sea fonction of oth temperature and pressure. Their results are presented in Ta- ble 54 and the smoothing equation follows: In.xy = — 4.3881 — 3.3798/7 + 0.863 15 InP MPa, (102)‘SOLUBILITY OF NITROGEN AND AIR IN LIQUIDS 595 with a standard deviation of 0.35 in In, Both Besserer and Robinson" and Kalra and Krish- rnan'®' determined the solubility of nitrogen in hydrogen sul- fide asa function of temperature and pressure, but over dif- {erent ranges: 26-344 K and 1.2-20.7 MPa sind 200-228 Kand0.1 1.8 MPa.) Doth cote of data were combined to yield the following smoothing equation for the mole fraction of nitrogen in the liquid phase: Ine, = — 86008 4 2.7981 Jnr + LORRO In(P MPa (103), with a standard deviation of 0.12 in In x, ‘4.17, Mtrogen Oxides Steinberg etal." measured the solubility of nitrogen in nitrous oxide at ca. atmospheric pressure and from 186 to 244 K. Mole fraction solubilities for smoothing were calcu- lated by us from the original data, Zeininger"* measured the solubilities fr this system in the ranges 213-253 K and 0.6- 8.2 MPa, We combined both sts of data and fit them by least, ‘squares to yield the following equation: Inx, = ~ 4.1461 —0.12296In + +0.966 17 yp MPa), with a standard deviation of 0.17 in In x, ‘Chang and Gokcen"® measured the solubility ofnitro- etn ntgen tetronide, MzOq from 262 0 303 K and 0.036 100.198 MPa, We converted their data to mole faction solu- (108) ae ont | om | . bilities at 0.101 325 MPa partial pressure of gas and ‘smoothed it to yield: Ix —6 106 — 260 ATE) ‘The data are considered to be precise to about 5%. 0s) 4176, Ammonia ‘The nitrogen/ammonia system was studied by seven groups" at varying temperatures and pressures. Ma- ‘touser al. studied the quaternary system argon/methane/ nitrogen/ammonia and their work will not be evaluated here. Data from the remaining six papers were processed asa ‘group to yield the following smoothing equation: = 12.6529 + 5.3410 n+ “+ 0.886 89 In)P /MPs) + 6.0554 10-%P /MPa}? (106), ‘Smoothed data are presented in Table $5. The standard devi- ation ofthe fit in In x, is 0.31. Usable data for the nitrogen/carbon dioxide system were published by six groups."""” However, the data of Krichevskii eta." are in bor agreement with those ofthe | case | cor | oo Debs nae |e ee oo o wo | etn fea | oa le oom oa Phys. Chem Ret. Data, VoL. 19, No.2, 1084806 BATTINO, RETTICH, AND TOMINAGA her groups. Therefore, the results of the remaining five ‘ups were smoothed together to yield the following equa- Inx, = —4.5185 — 1.55901n + + 1.7996 InP “MPa, (107) with a standard deviation in in x, of 0.17. Smoothed results {for this system are tabulated in Table 56. 4.174. Halogen and Boron Containing Solvents Cannon, Robson, and English” made an extensive study of nitrogen solubilities in a number of fuorine contain- ing liquids and two liquid boranes at cryogenic tempera tures, Sukhoverkhiov ef a were the only other people to study a common system, namely ntrogen/CIF,. However, ‘Sukhoverkhov etal. presented ther solubilities as volume percents and it was not possible to convert their data tomole fractions in the absence of density data, Table 57 contains ‘the coefficients obtained in smoothing the Cennon eta. data according to Eq. (5). The pressure range forall oftheir work ‘wa 2.07 19 4.89 MPs. Tenperuture tages we ilicwe 1 the table. 5. Air Solubiliti ‘The solubility of arin liquids can be considered to bean ‘deal linear combination ofthe solubility ofthe constituent gases of air inthe liquid. Maharajh and Walkley" reported ‘that mixtures of gases containing oxygen donot behave inde- ‘pendently. This was refuted on theoretical grounds as wells a a | ne come | ae oy | wo — | ms | ese oe Bee 4 Phys. Chem. Ret. Dats, Vo. 13, Mo. 2 1904 by Wiloool and Dating! who showed that within their ‘experimental error of + 19% that a misture of 49.5 mol % ‘oxygen + 50.5 mol % nitrogen gave the same results as, those calculated for solubilities ofthe pure gases. So, at least to1% at atmospheric pressure, ai solubilities may be calcu- lated from the knowledge of nitrogen (78.1%), oxygen (21.0%), and argon (0.9%) solubilities in the liquid. For In this section, we will discuss the solubility of air in various liquids. A more complete coverage may be found in Ref. 1. ‘5.1. Water and Aqueous Salt Solutions Winkler’ calculated the values of sir solubilities in ‘water from his results with nitrogen and oxygen. These v1 ‘es should bea fai approximation to directly measured ones and are presented for general us in Table 58. The following equation fits Winkler's data with a standard deviation of| pee me | sw 10 ‘we oe | sama‘SOLUBILITY OF NITROGEN AND AIR IN LIQUIDS 507 toca preseures insentes [13] 200.82 103 us| spas 103 0161 m8 nor 0.0580 ans te swore ans coy ove (0.0016 in inn. This corresponds to about 0.2496 in xy = 104.208 + 137.296/r + $8.7394 In 7 — 5.7669 7. (108) ‘A modern value by Baldwin and Danie” also appears in Table $8 and isin agreement with Winklers valve within the precision of thei McKee" and Eichelberger™ both measured the solu- biy of arin water at presures above atmospheric. For ‘McKee, twas 273-295 K and 33-20.7 MPa and for Eichel- berger it was 298 338 K and 6 24.2 MPs. The fllowing equation its the data as S fem? (STP) per gram of water] in the combined ranges: = AKO 4 KATH 10K = 0.020 6134? /MPa) + 1.1243 In/P /MPa}, (108) tm ‘with « standard deviation of 0.020 in In S. Smoothed values are presented in Table 59. ichelberger'™ measured the solubility of air in ‘agueous NaCI solutions in the range T= 298-338 K, P= 70-242 MPs, pyyc = 0-209 g/L. Kobe and Ken- ton" determined the solubility of airand air/CO, mixtures, {in aqueous solutions of sulfuric ac and sodium sulfate at 298 K and 101 kPa, ‘9.2. Hydrocarbons and Oxygen Containing Solvents, ‘Table 60 gives the Ostwald coefficients for air solubili- ties in a number of hydrocarbon solvents and oxygen con- Uaining solvents ‘Table 61 gives pressure and temperature dependent data” for air solubilities in n-dodecane. 5.3. Halogen Containing Solvents In Table 62, we present Ostwald coefficient solubilities for ir in a variety of halogen containing solvents. The preci- son of these measurements s 2%~59 5.4, Miscellaneous Ret. | contains data for miscellaneous animal ana vege- table oils, lubricating cils, mineral oils, and various fuels. O10 MPa 1 L TIK Fe. 7, Some representative mole faction soutien of stogen at (0101 325M |—hydezie, water, —cxrbon dale, ‘han bea 9a carton feraetone: = Iheradecan; 9 hexane, 1O—hesaioroberzene, Tole (Gi 1—pertoorarbutylming,13—peruoromheptan, Ho 1822544455 66Uecabuor 6222 uteaaoret- (icin) ne etre sr ne 43k 1 1 3s a aa 4 Phys. Chem. Ret. Data, Vol 18, No.2, 1804598 BATTINO, RETTICH, AND TOMINAGA 6. Conclusions Nitrogen is the most common gas in our atmosphere land as such ts solubuty has been determined in a large var- iety of uids and over a considerable range of temperature and pressure. In this article, we have attempted a critical ata in the Hteenture, snmmari7- {ng tn many tables and smoothing equations. We provided ‘smoothing equations for both temperature and pressure ‘combined. In the case of the n-alkanes and the I-alkanols, we also provided smoothing equations in terms of carbon num ber. An examination of the information in this paper reveals some gaps inthe literature and some systems that need more , M, Mahar and, Walley, Nate 296, 1651972, ‘RJ Wilodk and R. Bato, Naar 252, 6 (1978 MLW. Winkler, Ber Bunsen 34,1408 (190), ‘Phys. Chem. Ret: Data, Vol. 13, No.2, 1984 0. L. MeKes, PRD. tes Purdve University, 1983, "™W. G.Fichelberpe, nd Eng. Chem 47, 2225 (1955 "KA. Kobeand FH Kenton, Ind Eng Chem, An E10, 76(195) 1D. Wester, sand LC. Se, Paorine Chem. 3,137 ism, {SHEL ClverandC.H. Han, Phermadymamiesf Aquos Spt ith Indasria ppiations, ete 5 A. Newman, ACS Syopestu Sees 153 Armeroan Chennal Soi, Washington,DC, 1960 p13 $36 "SR Batn, Pid Phe Bul 15,231 (1964) eT-R Rech R Battin, nd Wilhelm) Slaton Chem. 13,1198) =H. Zeninge, Chem, “ng Tech 4, 60711972).