[CHAPTER 1: DIFFERENTIATION 2)]

1.1 Higher Order Derivatives and Implicit Differentiation

1.1.1 Higher Derivatives
After differentiate for some equations or functions (1st derivative), this differentiation process can
be continued to find the second, third, fourth and into the maximum differentiation, which is
called higher order derivative.
The notation can be use the prime sign or number depend on the differentiation process.
First Derivatives

Second Derivative

nth derivative

f ' (x)
y'
dy
dx
dy
[f ( x )]
dx

Example

f ( x ) 3x 4 2x 3 x 2 4x 2
1. Show the maximum differentiation for

2. Find the first, second, and third derivatives of f( x) = 5 x4 3x3 + 7x2 9x + 2

[CHAPTER 1: DIFFERENTIATION 2)]

f ( 3 ) ( 4)
3. Determine

f (x)

if

Exercise:

f (x)
1. Determine the fourth derivative for

d 2y
dx 2

2. Solve

y
(a)

1 x
1 x

y x 3 1 x

(b)
y (1 3 x ) 2 1 x

(c)
y

x2
1 x 2

(d)
y
(e)

3x
x2 1

1
x

[CHAPTER 1: DIFFERENTIATION 2)]

1.3.2 Implicit Differentiation

y x2
An equation of the form
is said to define explicitly as a function of x because y appears
alone on one side of the equation.
Sometimes functions are defined by equations in which y is not alone on one side and the
yx y 1 x
equation cannot be solved for y, called it an implicit function. Ex:
The method to differentiate this equation called implicit differentiation.
Example

dy
dx
1. Use implicit differentiation to find

5 y 2 sin y x 2
if

[CHAPTER 1: DIFFERENTIATION 2)]

d 2y
dx 2
2. Determine

4 x 2 2y 2 9
if

Exercise:

x 3 y 3 3 xy
1.

(a) Determine the first derivative for

3 3
,
2 2
(b) Find the gradient/ slope for the line at the point

dy
dx
2. Solve

by implicit differentiation

x 2 y 2 100
(a)

x 2 y 3 xy 3 x 3
(b)
x 2 5y
(c)

y
x3

[CHAPTER 1: DIFFERENTIATION 2)]

x2

xy
xy

(d)

d 2y
dx 2
3. Find

for the following equation

3x 2 4y 2 7
(a)

x3y 3 4 0
(b)
x cos y y

(c)

y sin y x
(d)