FORMULARIO OFICIAL PARA CERTAMENES

DE FIS 140
Ley de Snell
ngulo con eje perpendicular al plano

ndice de refraccin

ptica Geomtrica
n11 = n2 2
n = c/v ;

Constantes
c = 3 10 [m / s] ; e 1,6 10
8

19

[C]

n1 sen 1 = n2 sen 2

k c = 1 4 0 = 9, 10 [Nm / C ]

e2 40 = 1,44[eV nm] ; 0 = 4 10 7 [N / A 2 ]

Onda reflejada e incidente

s: objeto - lente
s': lente - punto de visin
f: distancia focal

f = R / 2 : espejos

1
1
1
= ( n 1)

: lentes
R1 R2
f

= h / 2

h c = 1240 [eV nm] ;

r = 1

1 1 1
+ =
s s'

h = 6,6 10 34 [J s] = 4,110 15 [eV s]

1: Incidente
2: Transmitida

NA = 6,0 10 23 [m ol 1 ]

k B = 1,38 10 23 [J / K] = 1/ 12000[eV / K]
1[eV] = 1,6 10

19

1[u] = 1,66 10
1[ f m] = 10

15

27

Adelante

[J]

[kg] = 931,5 MeV / c 2

[m]

1[Curie] = 1[Ci] = 3, 7 1010 [desintegraciones / s]

Fsica clsica




dp
Fneta =
; p = mv
dt

+
; ac =

v2
R

w B = B2 / 20

x2
2


E


k

sen N / 2 ; = k d sen

sen / 2

I = I0

sen / 2
Difraccin una rendija : I = I0
/2
= k a sen ; a sen = m : m nim os.

v=

Polarizacin:
  
S = ExB / 0


B

Bz
1 Bz
= 2
2
x
v
t2

Interferencia N rendijas:

Red de difraccin: dsen = m : m xim os.

Onda electromagntica
2
1 Ey
= 2
v
t2

m : m xim os

dsen =
1
m + 2 : m nim os
sen + sen = 2 sen [( +)/2] cos [( )/2]


 

d
d
 E ds = dt B ;  B ds = 0I + 00 dt E




E = E d A ; B = B d A

2E y

Dos fuentes en fase:

; = k d sen
I = I0 cos2
2

( )

Ecuaciones de Maxwell



 
E

dA
=
Q
/

;
B

0

dA = 0

w E = E2 / 2

Resolucin:

I = I0 cos2
D sen = 1,22

E y (x, t) = E0 cos(kx t)
Bz (x,t) = B0 cos(kx t)

B0 = E0 / v ;

wE = wB =

ndice de refraccin

n = c/v

= kv v = f
1 2
E ,
2

= 2 f , k = 2 /
w EB = w E + w B

Densidad de
energa electrca

1
v E02 ; S = Potencia / Area
2
Energia : E = S A t ;
Momentum : p = E c
S = I = v w EB =

ptica Ondulatoria

p2
mgh
1
K = m v2 =
; E = K+U
1
2
2m
U = kx 2

  
2
F = q E + vB
q i V

Atrs

n
n
0 dx 0 dx

Configuracin electrnica

Relatividad especial
x ' = ( x vt ) ; y ' = y

1s 2
2 s 2

z' = z

1
1 (v / c)2

t ' = ( t v x / c2 ) ; =

u'x =

uy
ux v
; u'y =
2
1 ux v / c
(1 ux v / c 2 )

uz
u'z =
(1 ux v / c 2 )

L
; L = 0 ; = 0

Dinmica de una partcula:

dp
F=
; p = mu ; E0 = m c 2
dt
; E 2 = E02 + ( pc )

E = m c 2 = E0 + K

Cuntica
h
B =
;
p

p2
1
E = h ; K = m v 2 =
2
2m
4
8
2 4
I = eT , = 5,67 10 [W / m K ]

mT = 3 10

[m K ] : Cuerpo Negro

h = K mx. + 0 : E. Fotoelctrico
' = C (1 cos ) : E. Compton

h
C =
= 2, 4 1 0 12 [m] : e lectro n
mc
2dsen = m : Difraccin de rayos X
x p x h 4 : P. Incertidumbre


2 2

+
U

r,t
.
(
) = i

2m

( x,t ) = ( x ) e

3 p
4 p


d
+ U = E
2m dx 2

'' 2 = 0 = e x

0
0

4 f

1 4

Molculas

2
Erot. =
J ( J + 1) ; J = 1 ,
2I
1
Evib. = + h ; = 1
2

Nuclear
A
Z

, A = Z + N ; Radio = 1,2 A1/ 3 [ f m]

XN

Decaimiento
N(t) = N0 e t ;

N(t) = N0 2 t / T

T = ln ( 2 ) ;

R=

dN
= N
dt

: e +

: 42 He ,

(Eb )
+ Nm ) E

Energa de ligazn
M ( AZ X ) = ( Z mp

/ c2

Energa en reposo: mc 2 [MeV ]

Electrn
:
0,511 ( m = 9,11 10 31 [ kg ] )

Neutrn

Tritin

Protn 11H :

Deutern

4
2

:
3
1

H :

939,57
2808,94
938,28 ( m = 1,67 1027 [ kg ] )

2
1

H : 1875,63

He

3727,40

Valor medio: f = f(x) (x) dx

Pozo infinito
U(x) = 0, 0 < x < L ; (x) = A senk x
; En =

3 d1
4 d1


''+ k 2 = 0 = e ikx

kn = n / L

2
2

iEt /

1dimensin:

3 s
4 s
5 s

2 p

2
2
n2
2
2m L

tomos hidrogenoides
2
dP = (r, , ) r 2sen drd d
2

Z
En = 13,6[eV] 2
n

Smbolos para potencias de 10

10 9 : n
10 6 :
103 : k
106 : M
109 : G
Ayudas

eb x xm dx =

L =  (  + 1)
,  = 1

L z = m
, m = 0, 1
Energa magntica:

 
EB = B


e 
=
L
2m

( n + 1 / 2) =

[(m + 1)/ 2]
,
b(m+1) / 2

1 3 5 (2 n 1)
2

( n ) = ( n 1)!