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Introduction to AC armature winding

In ac machines, the stator has ac armature winding in which the alternating emf is
induced. The winding for armature of a dc machines is closed and the closed
windings are always double layer type. The armature used for armature of ac
machines is open.

open layer can be either single layer or double layer. The stator winding consists of
single turn or multi turn coils, arranged in slots and connected properly so as to
obtain the required phase grouping. The AC winding must be properly arranged, so
that the emf induced in all the phases are of equal magnitude and frequency. The
emfs of all the m phases of ac machine must have identical wave-shape and
displaced in time phase by (2 * pie/m).

Why it is called open coil winding?

In ac machines the wave shape of the generated emf depends upon the flux
distribution in the air-gap of a machine. In ac winding the ends of the first coil and
last coil or the beginning of the first coil and the ending coil of the last coil is kept
open, so this is know as open coil winding.

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Types of AC armature winding

There are basic two types of AC armature winding:

Single layer winding


Double layer winding
This are further classified as below:

1. Single layer winding:

Concentric windings:
1. Hermitropic winding or half coil winding

2. Whole coil winding

Mush winding
2. Double layer winding:

Lap winding:
1. integral slot winding

2. Fractional slot winding

Wave Winding:
1. integral slot winding

2. Fractional slot winding

This was all about Armature AC winding.

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