Heat and Temperature

Solution to Exercise set 1

Level I
Conceptual questions

1. Temperature of an object rises by 10 C. Has the body necessarily absorbed heat?

Ans
No, the temperature of the body can also be raised by increasing the vibrational energy, as in the
Paddle-wheel process.
2. Why platinum is used in resistance thermometers?
Ans
Platinum has relatively inert chemical nature. Its resistance changes uniformly with temperature and has
high melting point.
3. Two thermometers are constructed, one with a spherical bulb and the other with an elongated cylindrical
bulb. Which one is more sensitive to temperature changes?
Ans
Thermometer with cylindrical bulb is more sensitive to temperature changes, as the area of cylindrical
bulb is greater than spherical bulb.
4. Why alcohol rub is used, to help lower the temperature of a sick patient?
Ans
The alcohol evaporates, absorbing energy from the skin to lower the skin temperature.
Multiple choice questions with one correct alternative

5. Thermal equilibrium implies the equality of

(A) heat
(B) temperature
Ans (B)

(C) internal energy

(D) both A and B

6. Two thermometers M1 and M2 are placed inside an evacuated enclosure X with opaque walls maintained
at temperature T. The thermometers are identical except that the bulb of M1 is blackened. If T1 and T2 are
the temperatures indicated by M1 and M2 respectively after thermal equilibrium has been established,
then
(A) T2 > T1 > T
(B) T1 > T > T2
(C) T1 = T2 = T
(D) T1 = T > T2
Ans (C)
By the Zeroth law of Thermodynamics, if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, they have the same
temperature. We thus have T1 = T = T2.
7. Very low temperatures are measured using
(A) gas thermometers
(C) thermocouple thermometers
Ans (D)

(B) pyrometers
(D) vapour pressure thermometers

8. Thermometers which are not kept in touch with the body to measure temperatures are
(A) pyrometers
(B) thermocouples
(C) gas thermometers
(D) platinum resistance thermometers
Ans (A)
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9. The temperature of the sun is measured using

(A) platinum thermometer
(C) pyrometer
Ans (C)

(B) gas thermometer

(D) vapour pressure thermometer

10. The standard fixed point for temperature measurements in use today is
(A) melting point of ice at one atmospheric pressure
(B) of pure ice and pure water in equilibrium at one atmospheric pressure
(C) at which ice, liquid water and water vapour coexist in thermal equilibrium
(D) none of the above
Ans (C)
The standard fixed point for temperature measurement is the triple point of water at which ice, liquid
water and water vapour coexist.
11. Mercury boils at 367 C. However, mercury thermometers are made such that they can measure
temperature up to 500 C. This is done by
(A) maintaining vacuum above mercury column in the stem of the thermometer
(B) filling nitrogen gas at high pressure above the mercury column
(C) filling nitrogen gas at low pressure above the mercury column
(D) filling oxygen gas at high pressure above the mercury column
Ans (B)
If we fill nitrogen gas at high pressures above mercury, the boiling point of mercury is increased which
can extend the range up to 500 C.
12. Absolute scale of temperature is reproduced in the laboratory by making use of a
(A) radiation pyrometer
(B) platinum resistance thermometer
(C) constant volume helium gas thermometer
(D) constant pressure ideal gas thermometer
Ans (C)
13. The gas thermometers are more sensitive than liquid thermometers because
(A) gases expand more than liquids
(B) gases are easily available
(C) gases are much lighter
(D) gases do not easily change their states
Ans (A)
Expansion of gases is much more than that of liquids.
14. A temperature degree on the Fahrenheit scale is the same as
(A) a temperature degree on the Celsius scale
(B) a temperature degree on Kelvin scale
(C) a temperature degree on absolute scale
(D) none of the above
Ans (D)
15. The temperature of an object using Celsius scale and Fahrenheit scale is C and F. Then
(A) F > C
(B) F < C
(C) F = C
(D) F C
Ans (A)
16. The temperature of an object is raised from 10 C to 35 C. The change in temperature on the
Fahrenheit scale of temperature is
(A) 45 F
(B) 35 F
(C) 81 F
(D) 25 F

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Ans (C)
9
9
TF = TC = 45 = 81 F
5
5
17. The temperature at which Fahrenheit and the Celsius scale will give numerically equal but opposite sign
is
(A) + 40 F and 40 C
(B) +11.43 F and 11.43 C
(C) 11.43 F and +11.43 C
(D) 40 F and + 40 C
Ans (B)
Let F = + , then C =
F 32 C 0 32
=
;
=
= 11.43
180
100
9
5

Level II
Multiple choice questions with one correct alternative

18. A faulty thermometer reads 5 C in melting ice and 99 C in steam. The correct temperature in F, when
this faulty thermometer reads 52 C is
(A) 116.6 F
(B) 125.6 F
(C) 122 F
(D) 52 F
Ans (C)
C 5 F 32
=
99 5
180
52 5 F 32
=
F = 122 F
94
180
19. The steam point and the ice point of mercury thermometer are wrongly marked as 92 C and 2 C
respectively, correct temperature read by this thermometer would be
(A) 0 C
(B) 100 C
(C) 50 C
(D) 20 C
Ans (D)
x2
x0
=
x = 20 C
92 2 100 0
20. A Celsius and a Fahrenheit thermometer are put in water. The reading of the Fahrenheit thermometer is
three times that of the Celsius thermometer. The reading of the Fahrenheit thermometer is
(A) 100 F
(B) 80 F
(C) 270 F
(D) 160 F
Ans (B)
C
F 32
We know that,
=
100
180
Given that F = 3C
C
3C 32
Hence
=
100
180
80
C=
F = 80 F
3
21. A Centigrade and a Fahrenheit thermometer are dipped in boiling water. The water temperature is
lowered until the Fahrenheit thermometer registers 140. What is the fall in temperature as registered by
the Centigrade thermometer?
(A) 30
(B) 40
(C) 60
(D) 80
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Ans (B)
C F 212 140
100 72
C =
= 40
=
=
100 180
180
180

22. A graph is plotted between the temperatures of a copper cube in C versus F. The sine of the angle
made by the graph with F axis is
2
3
4
5
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
106
106
106
106

Ans (D)
C
F 32
100
=
or C =
(F 32) or
100
180
180
5
5
C = F 32, which is of the form y = mx + C
9
9
It follows from here that, which is of the form y = mx + C
5
5
tan =
sin =
9
106

106

Each of the following question consists of an assertion and a reason. Examine both of
them and select one of the options using the following codes:

(A) Both the assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
(B) Both are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion
(C) The assertion is true, but the reason is false
(D) Both are false or assertion is false and the reason is true on its own.
23. Assertion: The temperature at which Fahrenheit and centigrade thermometers read the same is 40.
Reason: There is no relation between Fahrenheit and centigrade temperature
Ans (C)
Problems

24. A certain property varies according to the law =

( t 2 t1 )
, where is a constant. If
1 + t 2

unthinkable what is the absolute zero on this property and what is the relation of t and T?
Solution
If = 1, 1 + t 2 = (t 2 t 1 )
1
1 + t 2 = t 2 t 1 t 1 = ,

1
A is the absolute zero, the lowest possible temperature on this law.

0 K = 273.15 C

0 C = 273.15 K
1
1

0 C =
A t C = t + A .

1
Hence, T = t + .

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> 1 is

25. The upper and lower fixed points of faulty Hg thermometer are 210 F and 34 F respectively. What
temperature read by this thermometer would be correct?
Solution
32
34
=
180
210 34
32 34
=
180
176
45 45 34 = 44 44 32 = 122.
26. A faulty thermometer reads 10 C in place of 5 C and 70 C in place of 80 C. What is the freezing
point of water according to this thermometer?
Solution
C 0
=
100
N
5 10 0
case (i)
=
(1)
100
N
80 70 0
case (ii)
=
(2)
100
N
Dividing (2) by (1) and simplifying, we get 0 = 6 C.

Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids

Solution to Exercise set 2
Level I
Conceptual questions

1. Marine animals live deep inside a lake, when the surface of the lake freezes. Why?
Ans
As the density of water is maximum at 4 C, water at the bottom of lake remains at 4 C in winter even if
that at the surface freezes. This makes marine animals to move near the bottom.
2. A hollow metallic sphere and a solid metallic sphere are heated to the same temperature. Both have same
diameter, which will expand more?
Ans
Both will expand to the same extent. The expansion of a solid does not depend on its internal
construction.
3. Two identical rectangular strips of copper and the other of steel are riveted to form a bimetallic strip.
What will happen on heating?
Ans
Because of differential expansion, the bimetallic strip will bent in such a way that copper strip remains
outside (convex side) as Cu > steel.
4. A metal plate has a hole in it. What happens to the size of the hole when the plate is heated?
Ans
The size of the hole increases on heating the metal plate.

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Multiple choice questions with one correct alternative

5. A solid sphere and a hollow sphere of same radius are made of same material. If same amount of heat is
supplied to them, then
(A) the radius of the solid sphere will be greater
(B) the radius of the hollow sphere will be greater
(C) the radii of the solid sphere and hollow sphere will be equal
(D) we cannot draw any conclusions regarding their radii from the given data

Ans (B)
Q
Rise in the temperature of solid sphere is less than that of the hollow sphere.
m
The increase in volume of solid sphere is less than that of hollow sphere.
Hollow sphere shows greater volume expansion.

6. An oval shaped hole is made in a square metallic plate. If the temperature of the plate is increased
uniformly then,
(A) the hole becomes circular
(B) the hole becomes larger, but acquires a different shape
(C) the hole contracts
(D) the hole grows in size, but will remain oval.
Ans (D)
7. When sphere is heated, the largest percentage increase is observed in
(A) diameter
(B) volume
(C) density
Ans (B)

(D) area

8. Two bars of copper having same length but unequal cross sections are heated to the same temperature.
The change in length will be
(A) equal in both bars
(B) more in thicker bar
(C) more in thinner bar
(D) cannot say
Ans (A)
The change in length is independent of area of cross section.
9. At some temperature T, a bronze pin is a little too large to fit into a hole drilled in a steel block. The
change in temperature required for an exact fit is minimum when
(A) only steel block is heated
(B) only bronze pin is heated
(C) both block and pin are heated
(D) both block and pin are cooled.
Ans (A)
Since the coefficient of linear expansion of steel is larger than the coefficient of linear expansion of
bronze, only steel block is to be heated.
10. A metallic ball has a spherical cavity at its centre. If the ball is heated, the size of the cavity
(A) decreases
(B) remains constant
(C) increases
(D) cannot say as data is insufficient
Ans (C)

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