8051

Instruction Set

8051: Frequently Used Registers

A = Accumulator
B = Accumulator used for multiplication/Division
PC = Program Counter
DPTR = DPH + DPL = Data Pointer

Instruction Set
Copy
Arithmetic
Logic
Bit Manipulation
Redirect
Control

Addressing Modes
Immediate
MOV A, #32H
MOV B, #0F2H
MOV DPTR, #20FFH
Register
MOV A, R7
MOV R5, A
MOV R1, R2 ; Illegal - Not allowed

Addressing Modes Contd.Accessing Memory

Direct Addressing
MOV A, R2 is same as MOV A, 2
MOV P1, A is same as MOV 90H, A
Stack and Direct Addressing Mode
PUSH A is invalid
PUSH 0E0H is valid
PUSH 05

- Push R5 on the stack

Indirect Addressing Mode:

Using R0 and R1
MOV A, @R0 ; Copy contents of memory
; whose address is in R0

MOV @R1, A

; Copy A into memory

; location pointed by R1

This is limited only to R0 and R1

MOV A, @ R2 is invalid

Use of Indirect Addressing Mode in

Setting Up a Loop:
Example: Write a program to clear 20 R/W
memory locations starting from memory 50H.
Program: CLR A

; Clear A

MOV R1, #50H ; Set up R1 as a pointer

MOV R5, # 20
REPEAT: MOV @R1, A
INC R1
DJNZ

;Set up R5 as a counter

;Clear memory
;Point to next me memory

R5, REPEAT

Using DPTR as a 16-bit Memory

Pointer
MOV

DPTR, #100H

; Set up DPTR as a pointer

CLR A
MOVC A, @ A + DPTR ;Copy from Code memory into A
Note Instruction: MOVC Copy from code memory

Problem:
Write a program to transfer a string of data
terminated in 00 from code memory location 200H
to RAM location 50H.

Program:

REPEAT:

MOV DPTR, #200H

;Initialize pointer to ROM

MOV R0, #50H

;Initialize pointer to RAM

CLR

MOV A, @A+DPTR
JZ

EXIT

MOV @R0, A
INC

DPTR

INC

R0

SJMP REPEAT
HERE:

SJMP HERE

Jump Instructions:
Unconditional:
LJMP (Long Jump 3 bytes anywhere from
0000 to FFFFH)
Example: LJMP START
SJMP (Short Jump 2 bytes Opcode followed
by an 8-bit signed number - limited to 00 to FFH
Backward and Forward - )

Conditional Jump Instructions:

All conditional Jump instructions are short
jumps.
JZ

; Short Jump if A = 0

JNZ

; Short Jump if A =/ 0

DJNZ ; Decrement and Jump if register =/ 0

CJNE ; Compare and Jump if not equal
CJNE A, data
CJNE Reg, #data

Signed and Unsigned Number

Unsigned FA H = 25010
Signed FA H = It is a negative number in 2s
Complement
2 Complement of FAH = - 06H

PSW.7
PSW.0

CY

PSW.6

AC

PSW.2

OV

Find the flag status after the following operation:

MOV A, #57H
MOV R2, # 3AH
ADD A, R2

Single Bit Instructions

SETB bit

; Set bit = 1

CLR

bit

; Clear bit

CPL

bit

;Complement the bit

JB

bit, Label; Jump if Bit = 1

JNB

bit, Label; Jump if bit = 0

JBC

bit, Label; Jump if bit = 1 and clear bit

Examples of Bit Addressing:

SETB 42H ;Set Bit2 in R/W Memory Location 28H
CLR 67H

;Set Bit7 in R/W Memory Location 2CH

JB 72H, SKIP; Jump to SKIP if Bit2 =1 in Location 2EH

JNB 28H, BACK; Jump to BACK if Bit0 =1 in Location 25H
SETB 08H ;

Addresses of Selected Bit

Addressable SFRs:
Range: 80H to FFH
Port P0.0 = 80H -------------- Port P0.7 = 87H
Port P1.0 = 90H -------------- Port P1.7 = 97H
Port P2.0 = A0H ------------ Port P2.7 = A7H
Port P3.0 = B0H ------------ Port P3.7 = B7H
TCON: Timer Control 88H 8FH
SCON: Serial Control -> 98H 9FH

Examples of Bit Addressing:

Read switch connected at bit7 from Port P0,
and turn on/off LED connected to bit0 of Port
P1
MOV C, P0.7 ;Copy/Read bit P0.7in Carry
MOV P1.0, C ;Turn On/Off LED at P1.0

Examples of Bit Addressing Contd.:

Using Bit Directive
SW
LED
HERE:

BIT
BIT

P0.7
P1.0

MOV C, SW
LED , C
SJMP HERE

Using EQU Directive

SW
LED
HERE:

EQU P0.7
EQU P1.0

MOV C, SW
LED , C
SJMP HERE