MATRICES

x y 3 1 x
;
+
J97B: B =
z t 1 2 z
x + 3 = 3 x + z 2 x + z = 3 x = 2

z + 1 = x + 2 z x + z = 1 z = 1

y 3 1 x y x + 3 y + 1 3 x + z 3 y + t
=

;
=
;
t 1 2 z t z + 1 t + 2 x + 2 z y + 2t
y + 1 = 3 y + t 2 y + t = 1 y = 1
2 1

e
B =

t + 2 = y + 2t y + t = 2 t = 3
1 3

a 2 = a; a(a 1) = 0; a = 0 a = 1
0
a 0 a 0 a 0 a
a + b = 1
J97A:
=

=
2
1 b 1 b 1 b a + b b b 2 = b; b(b 1) = 0; b = 0 b = 1

Luego: a = 0

y b =1 a =1 y b = 0

J01: Multiplicamos la 1 ecuacin por 2 y las sumamos:

10 24 14
4 A 2B =

8 4 14 A = 1 1 14,

12 6 21
11 25 0

3A + 2 B =

20
10
35

1 1 14
A=

12 6 21

Sustituimos A en la 1 ecuacin y despejamos B:

28
1 1 14
5 12 7
5 12 7 2 2
2
, B=

+B =

12 6 21
4 2 7
4 2 7 24 12 42
1 1 14
7 14 21
7 14 21
y B=
. Luego: A =
=

12 6 21
28 14 49
28 14 49
S01B: Multiplicamos la 1 ecuacin por 2, la 2 por 3 y las sumamos:
0
4

10 X + 6Y =
8 30 X = 1 3
2 3
3
3

9 X 6Y =

6 27
Sustituimos X en la 2 ecuacin y despejamos Y:
1 3
1 1
1 1 3 9 2 10
3
+ 2Y =
, 2Y =

=
,
0
2 3
2 9
2 9 6 9 4
1
1 2 10 1 5

=
. Luego: X =
0 2
0
2 4
2
1 3 1 3 1 5 5
X 2 + Y =

+
=
0 8
2 3 2 3 2

Y=

3
1 5
e Y =

3
0
2
12 1 5 6 7
+
=

3 2
0 6 3

S04: Multiplicamos la 1 ecuacin por 2 y las sumamos:

4 6

4 X 2Y =
2 10 5 X = 5 10 , X = 1 5 10 = 1 2

5 10
1 4
5 5 10 1 2

X + 2Y =

3 0
Sustituimos X en la 2 ecuacin y despejamos Y:

1
0
=
1

2
1 4
1 4 1 2 0 2
1 0 2
+ 2Y =
, 2Y =

=
, Y =
=
2
2 2 2
3 0
3 0 1 2 2 2
1
1 2
0 1
e Y =

. Luego: X =
1
1 2
1 1

DETERMINANTES
k 1
2k
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 0
S02B: M 2 kM =

k
=

1 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 k 2k k 2 3 2k
1
2k
0=
= 1(3 2k ) + (k 2)2 = 3 + 2k + k 2 4k + 4 = k 2 2k + 1 = (k 1) 2
k 2 3 2k
k 1 = 0, k = 1

yz
J03A: u
1
x

xz
u
1
y

C1 ( x )
xy C ( y )
xyz
2
1
u
=
xu
xyz
1
C3 ( z )
1
z

z
z + 2 C 2 + C1 (3)
3z
=
S05B: x 3 x + 1 x + 2
y 3 y 1 y + 2 C3 + C1 (1)

xyz
yu
1

xyz
zu = 0, por tener la 1 y 3 filas proporcionales.
1

z 0 2 F2 F3 z 0 2
x 1 2
=
y 1 2 = 7
y 1 2
x 1 2

5a 5b 5c
a b c
a b c
J07: 1
0
2 = 5 1 0 2 = 5 0 10 = 1
1
1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
3a1 3b1 15c1
a1
S08: i) a 2 b2 5c2 = 3 a 2
a3 b3 5c3
a3

b1
b2
b3

5c1
a1
5c2 = 3 5 a 2
5c3
a3

b1
b2
b3

c1
c2 = 15 (3) = 45
c3

1
1
1
1
ii) ( A) = A = ( ) (3) =
3
27
9
3
a1
b1
c1
iii) a2 a3
a3

b2 b3
b3

a1

b1

c1

c2 c3 = ( F2 + F3 ) = a 2
c3
a3

b2
b3

c2 = 3
c3

J09.-3B
1 2
6 10 1

0 2 1

= 9 12 0
B C = 0 3
2 1 3 4 0 3 0
2

 6 10 1 2 7 1 2 4 1

X = BC 2 A = 9 12 0 2 3 5 1 = 3 2 2
3 0
2 0 2 0 0 4
0

2 1
X = 4
= 4(4 + 3) = 28
3 2
t

MATRIZ INVERSA
1
1 0
k 0

k 0 1

= 3k k 2k 2 ; AB = 2k 2 3k + k k (2k 2) = 0
J00A: a) AB = 2 k
0 1 1 1 2 1 1
2

Independientemente del valor de k, A B no tiene inversa.

1 0
k 1
k 0 1
2 k =
; BA = k (k + 2) + 3 = k 2 + 2k + 3 0, ya que:
b) BA =
1 1 2 0 1 3 k + 2

2 4 12 2 8
=
no tiene solucin, por lo que, indepen2
2
dientemente del valor de k, B A siempre tiene inversa
k 2 + 2k + 3 = 0, k =

3 1 3 0 1 0 10 2 2 0 30 6 2 0 28 6

2
= 3

=

=

J00B: a) 3
0 2 1 2 0 1 2 4 0 2 6 12 0 2 6 10
1
2
0 1 2 1 2 0 1 4 1 3 6
1 2 1
1
1 2

; X = A
=

=
=
b) A = 6; A =
6 0 3
0 1 6 0 3 0 1 6 0 3 0 1
2

0
0
1 = ( + 1)( 1); ( + 1)( 1) = 0, = 0 + 1 = 0
02A: 1 + 1
1
0
1
1 = 0, = 0 = 1 = 1 0 y 1
1

2 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 3
1

= 2 1 3 1 = 6; 1 3 1 = 0 2
0

6
1 0 1
0 2 6
1 0 1

S05A: AX = C + B ,

1
2 0

1
=0
3

0
2

0
1

3
1

X = A1 (C + B )

 1 2 3

C + B = 1 + 0 = 1 ;
3 2 5

1 0 1
A = 1 0 1 = 3 3 = 6,
2 3 2

3 3 0
3 0 3

1
1
1
A =
3 4 3 = 0 4 2 ;
6
6 3 3 0

0 2 0
t

J06B: AX =
0

2
A = 1
0

A2 B , X
1 1 0

0 0 1
0 1 0

=
1
0
0

3 3 0 3
6 1
1
1
X = 0 4 2 1 = 6 = 1
6
6 12 2
3 3 0 5

A1 (A2 B )
1 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 1 1

2
1 = 0 1 1 ; A B = 0 1 1 1 1 0 =
0 0 0 1 2 3
0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 1 0

1
1
A =
0 = 1 0 1
1 0
1

0 1 1 0 0 1
1
0 1 2
1
0 1 0 0

X = 1 0 1 1 2
1 = 1 3
3
0 0 1 1 2 3 1 2 3

S07A.- Resolvemos la ecuacin:

B(2 A + I ) = AXA + B 2 BA + B = AXA + B 2 BA = AXA 2 A 1 B = X
Calculamos la matriz inversa:
1
0
0

= 1 2
1 ;
1 2 3

0 1 1
A = 1 0 0 = 1,
0 0 1

1 1
1
1 1 0 1 1
=

A = 1 0 A 1 por tanto A1 = ( Adj ( A)) t =

A =
1 1 1 0 1
A
0 1
2
1 1 1 2 0 1 0

= 2
=

Luego X = 2
0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
J08-3B.- i) Sabemos que ( A B) t = B t At por lo que
0 1
1 + 2k
3
1 1 2
1 0 =

A B =
2 + k
k 0 1 k 2 k

t
t
t
B A = ( A B) = (1 + 2k )(2 + k ) 3k = 2k 2 2 = 0 k 2 = 1 k = 1
t

Luego la matriz tiene inversa para todo k 1

1
ii) Si ( A B) t X = I X = (( A B) t ) 1 si k = 0 A B = 2 y ( A B) t =
3
0 1 0
1 2

= 3 1
tanto X = (( A B) t ) 1 =

2 3 1
2 2
S08-3A.1
2 1
1 0 2 m
m = 1
m
=
A mI = (2 m) 2 1 = 0
i) A mI =
2 m
1 2
0 1 1
m = 3
2 1 3 0 1 1

=

ii) A 3I =
1 2 0 3 1 1

0
por
2

Sea
a b
1 1 a b 0 0 a + c b + d 0 0 a = c
( A 3I ) X =

=

=

X =
b d 0 0 b = d
c d
1 1 c d 0 0 a c
La matriz debe tener las dos filas iguales

S09.-3B Resolvemos el sistema por reduccin:

i)
2 A + B = M
6 A + 3B = 3M
1

7 A = 3M + N A = (3M + N )

7
A 3B = N
A 3B = N

2 A + B = M
2 A + B = M
1

7 B = M 2 N B = (M 2 N )

7
A 3B = N
2 A + 6 B = 2 N
Sustituimos las matrices por su valor y operamos:
6
1 2 0 0 1 1 6 1 7 1 7

+
A = 3
=
=
7 1 2 3 1 7 6 7 6
1
7

1 2 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 7 2 7
2
=
=
B =
7 1 2 3 1 7 5 0 5
0
7

ii)
0
2 0
1
1 2 0 1 2
M 1 =
=
M =
Adj ( M ) t =
1
4 1 2 1
M
1 2
2
4
3

0
6
2
0
0
3

1
1
2

=
=
M 1 N t =
4 1 2 1 1 4 2 1 1 1

4
2
J10-3BG AX = A + B, X = A1 ( A + B ) = A 1 A + A 1 B = I + A 1 B
1 0 2
Comprobemos que existe la matriz inversa A = 2 1 0 = 1 0 A 1
1 1 1
1 2 1 1 2 2
1
A = ( Adj ( A)) t = 2 3 1 = 2 3 4
2
A
4
1 1 1 1

1 0 0 1 2 2 2 0 2 1 0 0 6 4 0 7 4 0
X = 0 1 0 + 2 3 4 1 3 1 = 0 1 0 + 11 5 1 = 11 6 1
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 4 2 1 4 2 2

0 k
J10.-3AE A B = 1 k 2 1 1 = k + 6 2k + 4
1
0 1 1 3 2 2

2
2
A B = 3k 2 = 0 k = ( A B ) 1 k
3
3
Resolvemos la ecuacin: A B X = 3I X = ( A B) 1 3I = 3( A B) 1
1

2
Si k = 0 A B = 6 4 ( A B) 1 = 1 4 = 2
2 1
2 2 6 1 3

S10.- 3AG

A X = B t + 2 I X = A 1 ( B t + 2 I ) ; A = 5 0 A1

B t + 2I = 2 4 + 2 1
1 2 0
t
1
Por tanto A1 = 3 4
5 1 3

0 = 4 4
1 1 0
1
1
1
= 3 1 X = 3 1 4 4 = 11 12
4
3
4
3
1
0

5 13 16

5
5

2
S10.- 3BE a) A = 1

3 5
2 1 3 5 1
N = 2 A AT 5 I = 2 1


3 5 2 5 0
b) A X = 3 1 X = A 1 3 1 ; A =
4 5
4 5

32
16 5 0 = 5
0 = 2 5
1 16 34 0 5 32 63
1
2 = 1 0 A 1 = 1 Adj ( A) t
3 5
A

A1 = 5 2 X = 5 2 3 1 = 23 5
1
1 4 5 13
2
3
3