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c1 x1 + c2 x2 + + cn xn

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EN-/

a21 x1 + a22 x2 + + a2n xn b2


;;
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am1 x1 + am2 x2 + + amn xn bm
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cT x

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"#$"% c = (ci )ni=1 & x = (xi )ni=1 & b = (bi )m


i=1 & A = (aij )i=1,...,m ' ()*+ x 0
j=1,...,n

,-.$-/ 1 )*% xi 0 2131 4#"# i = 1, . . . , n' 5% 61 7-,71 71$%31 2131


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"#$%&'()*
x1
x2

+*(,'-./&*
%0'$%)*

1 .#)/0.*3

a11

a12

b1 = 700

4 15$(.%$'.*3

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a22

b2 = 400

6 17/)(&0'.*3

a31

a32

b3 = 300

8./. )%7#&(./ &# 7/)9#&%.: *&.' p1 , p2 #)* 7/& $)* 1-& %&/ .-)3 7)/
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2x+12y
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2x + y 400
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x0
y0

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y
800
600
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200 400 600 800

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"#$

2 1 22 3 0%
12 31 2 3 0%
x + 3y 700
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"##$ x(2 1 22 3 ) = 0% y(12 31 2 3 ) = 0%


1 (x + 3y 700) = 0% 2 (2x + y 400) = 0% 3 (x + y 200) = 0
&'() *+, x - y .) /+,(,. 0,1 ,1) 0#3+456.,'3,.5,7 (,8,3)0 '.'4#9'1
:.# '3,.5, 51,0 '0)0;
< =# x > 07 y > 0 ,.5). ,07 (, "##$7 1 + 22 + 3 = 2 - 31 + 2 +
3 = 12< >05) .)0 ).(+ , ' 51,0 0#5+' #).,0;
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x = 2007 y = 07 4) +'4 .) 0'5#0@' , y > 0 .# i 0<

"8$ =# 2 = 0 ,.5). ,0 1 = 5 - 3 = 37 *+, .) 0'5#0@' , i 0<


" $ =# 3 = 0 ,.5). ,0 1 = 22
5 - 2 =
i 0<

6
57

4) +'4 .) 0'5#0@' ,

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5,.,3)07 .+,?'3,.5,7 51,0 '0)0;
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0'5#0@' , "#$<
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.) 0'5#0@' , "#$<

! #$% &' ()*#+#,- #$% !.*/*# -

" $ %& 2 = 3 = 0' ()*+) (, 1 = 2 -' .( "&&$' x = 700' y = 0/


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>/ %& x = 0' y > 0' ()*+) (, .( "&&$' 31 + 2 + 3 = 12/ ?()(3+,'
.( )5(@+' *9(, 1,+,A
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,1*&,B1 ( "&$/
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" $ %& 2 = 3 = 0' ()*+) (, 1 = 4' ;5( )+ ,1*&,B1 ( "&$/

8+9 4+ *1)*+' 41 ,+45 &6) (, x = 700' y = 0' - (4 +,*+ .( 41 .&(*1 (,


1400' *14 - +3+ 4+ C12D13+, 14 541.+ "3E, ,&3:4(3()*($ 5*&4&F1).+ 41
GH591 !/

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m
X
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bj

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B+935419 (,*( :9+24(31 1,DA
Q&)&3&F19
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n
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i=1 j=1
n
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j=1

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10x11 + 20x12 + 20x21 + 40x22


x11 + x12 = 5
x21 + x22 = 2
x11 + x21 = 4
x12 + x22 = 3
xij 0

F6493 #&,*G$+;4%*#*.&%;&3 %$ /$#&.$, ,$04 -$%*+ 5+H1 *.&%;&3 /4&, &0


/+$80&.* ;-&%& .H, #& #$, <*+-*80&,( )&+$ #*#$ 64& &I-,;&% 4*;+$ -% J57
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x12 x21 = 1

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! #$% &' ()*#+#,- #$% !.*/*# -

x11 + x21 = 4
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2#&4 +%, )% 2*02%5 #) &-&2#$* 2-#0# )* &-/(-#02# 6%,$*7

x11 = 4 x21
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8*,* '(# )* &%)( -:0 1#) &-&2#$* &#* ! #$%&'5 #& 1# -,5 '(# ($+)* %0
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#0=-*, 1#&1# #) %,-/#0 ! *) 1#&2-0% !5 . )% $>& # %0:$- % #& #0=-*, 1#)
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#&2* 6%,$*5
x11 = 2,
x12 = 3,
x22 = 0
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!!

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)*+,-# #

c1 x1 + c2 x2 + + cn xn

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..
..
..
...
.
.
.
am1 x1 + am2 x2 + + amn xn + sm = bm
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/0 ,1 2/(&# &#-(% %#40

cT x

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89(5%5# 5, :,1,(#4%5#50 )*8/1,&/) b 0.

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3x+2y
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x0

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#$%&'&($)
*+,-.$ $

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3x+2y
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x0

y0

s1 0, s2 0, s3 0
/01 2- 34)'$ *&'&5$)6 -5 7)405-'$
#$%&'&($)
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3x + 7y+10z
4x + y + 2z 3
7x + 3y + z 4

x + 5y + 4z 6
x0
y0
z0

54 748-'4* -* )&0&) 4'4

#$%&'&($)
*+,-.$ $

3x + 7y + 10z
4x + y + 2z + s1 = 3
7x + 3y + z + s2 = 4
x + 5y + 4z + s3 = 6
x0
y0
z0

s1 0, s2 0, s3 0
&:.)48+ &-:84 5$* ;$)&$05-* 8- <45=+)$ s1 , s2 , s3 >

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6.+ &' n 8)4,)96.+: x1 , . . . , xn : 5&'5. n > m: ; <$.: )49,-4)4,)*.'7
-.: %&5.*&+ .6.(,4 n m 8)4,)96.+ xm+1 , xm+2 , . . . , xn : 5. -)6 =&4*)
<$. 6)+ 4.+-)'-.+ m 8)4,)96.+ x1 , . . . , xm +. %$.5)' .>%4.+)4 .' -?4*,7
'&+ 5. .66)+@ A'-&' .+ ) x1 , . . . , xm 6)+ 66)*)4.*&+ !"#!$%&' $('# !' ; )
xm+1 , xm+2 , . . . , xn 6)+ 66)*)4.*&+ !"#!$%&' *+,$('# !'@

56!78.2 9:(
/)2 A' .6 %4&96.*)
B)>,*,C)4
+$D.-) )

3x+2y
x + 2y + s1 = 5
3x + 4y + s2 = 8
2x + y + s3 = 4
x0

y0

s1 0, s2 0, s3 0

-4.+ 8)4,)96.+ 9E+, )+ .' .6 +,+-.*) 5. 4.+-4, ,&'.+ +&' 6)+ 8)4,)96.+
5. F&6($4) s1 , s2 , s3 : ;) <$. %&5.*&+ .>%4.+)46)+ &*&

s1 = 5 x 2y

s2 = 8 3x 4y

s3 = 4 2x y
/92 G. *)'.4) +,*,6)4: .' .6 %4&96.*)
B)>,*,C)4
+$D.-) )

3x + 7y + 10z
4x + y + 2z + s1 = 3
7x + 3y + z + s2 = 4
x + 5y + 4z + s3 = 6
x0

y0

! #$% &' ()*#+#,- #$% !.*/*# -

!"

z0

s1 0, s2 0, s3 0
#$%&'() #*+, -$*'$&.+, &/,' $, +) +. ,',#+%$ 1+ *+,#*' '2)+, ,2) .$,
-$*'$&.+, 1+ 32.45*$ s1 , s2 , s3 6 7$ 85+ 921+%2, +:9*+,$*.$, 2%2

s1 = 3 4x y 2z

s2 = 4 7x 3y z
s3 = 6 x 5y 4z

;32*$ 85+ 3+%2, 2)-+*#'12 +. 9*2&.+%$ <=>? +) 5) 9*2&.+%$ 2) *+,@


#*' '2)+, 1+ '45$.1$16 921+%2, *++, *'&'*.2 2%2 5) ,',#+%$ 1+ + 5$@
'2)+, 1+ .$ ,'45'+)#+ A2*%$B

a11 x1 + a12 x2 + + a1n xn + s1 = b1

a21 x1 + a22 x2 + + a2n xn + s2 = b2


CC
CC
CC
CC
C
C
C
C
am1 x1 + am2 x2 + + amn xn + sm = bm

c1 x1 + c2 x2 + + cn xn + 0s1 + + 0sm = f
26 +) 2)-+)'+)#+ A2*%$ %$#*' '$.6

Ax + Is = b
T

c x + 0T s = f
12)1+ f *+9*+,+)#$ +. -$.2* 1+ .$ A5) 'D) 2&E+#'-2C F' 9+),$%2, +) +.
-+ #2* 1+ -$*'$&.+, 2%2 (x, s) 921+%2, *+9*+,+)#$* +,#+ ,',#+%$ 92*
%+1'2 1+ .$ !"#! $% &! '()* +(&,#-. 6 2%2 ,'45+B

a11

a12

a
a22
21

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CC
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C
C
C

am1 am2

c1
c2

1 0

b1

0 1
CC CC
CC
C C
C

0
CC
C

b2
CC
C

amn 0 0

bm

a1n
a2n
CC
C
cn

0 0

!"

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