A Lenticular Characteristic Adapted To

Very High Voltage Networks

processes it, dialogues with the step

time delays and generates output
signals (trippings and indications).
Bloc 8 represents the protection
power supply DC-DC converter.
Bloc 9 includes step time delays.
Bloc 10 represents optical indications.
Bloc 11 includes indication and
tripping contacts.
Bloc 12 receives data from the outside
(fuse failure, line closing, ...).
Bloc 13 includes an optional power
swing detection circuit.

Fields of application
PXLP 3000 is a static full scheme
distance protection capable of
detecting all types of faults. It is
mainly designed for fast and selective
protection of high and very high
voltage networks interconnected or
not, with solidly earthed neutral or
using impedance earthing (reactive) at
low value. PXLP 3000 is particularly
suitable for networks in which fault
currents may be well below the load
current and for the supervision of long
lines because of its lenticular or
circular characteristic which is
capable of being offcentered.

Main characteristics
Underimpedance starting
Circular or lenticular characteristics
selected by internal switch.
4 forward zones, 1 reverse zone.
4 tripping steps.
Reactance type zone measurement
for eliminating the influence of fault
resistance and load current.
Independent measurement system
for each loop being monitored.
Electronic voltage memory slaved
onto the network frequency permitting
directional operation even in the event
of sub-station close-up three-phase
faults.
Fuse failure detection.
Instantaneous tripping in the event
of closing onto fault.
Locking device in event of power

swing detection.
Programming by switches for the
following signalling schemes :
- step acceleration,
- permissive overreach,
- blocking,
- direct inter-tripping.
Programming of single phase or
three-phase tripping modes for various
steps.
Built-in single phase-three-phase
auto-recloser.

Operation
The three voltages and three currents
from the measurement reducers feed
transformers ensuring galvanic
insulation and reducing levels to
values compatible with the electronics.
In bloc 1, the signal from the
transformer are added to generate
zero sequence quantities of Vo, Io,
Ko.
Bloc 2 includes six underimpedance
relays and their settings. These relays
serve to start the protection.
Bloc 3 includes the voltage memory
circuit.
Bloc 4 ensures band pass filtering of
input quantities, thus eliminating all
signals which are harmful for
measurement : aperiodic component,
line oscillation, CVT transients,
harmonics...
Bloc 5 carries out zone setting.
Bloc 6 makes measurements.
Bloc 7 receives measurement data,

Proven measurement principles

Starting

Direction measurement
without dead zone

For each of the six starting elements,

the protection generates two
differential voltages whose phase shift
is measured. The impedance point
falls within starting when the
measured phase shift is greater than
90 for a circular characteristic or
100 to 130 for a lenticular
characteristic.

Phase-to-phase faults
The voltage representing the direction
of fault current flow is compared with
a stored positive-sequence voltage
(electronic memory voltage). Thus
even in the event of a three-phase
fault witout voltage, correct directional
information is preserved.
Phase-to-earth faults
The zero sequence power flow
direction is measured. To avoid any
incertainties when the fault is far off
and the sources are powerful, the
zero sequence voltage is
compensated for. This is equivalent to
bringing the relay closer to the fault
point.

Distance measurement
A differential voltage is generated for
each of the loops (six per zone). In the
same way as for starting, the phase
shift of this voltage is measured whith
respect to a current image voltage.
The impedance point is within the
zone in question when the phase shift
is greater than 90.
For earth faults, distance measurement
in the first zone is carried out when
the voltage drop in the fault resistance
is zero (zero instantaneous residual
current), rendering this measurement
particularly insensitive to fault
resistance. It is also insensitive to
frequencies, aperiodics and loads.

Fault on secondary side

of a voltage reducer
A logic checking the presence of
residual voltage and the absence of
residual current detects the blowing of
one of the fuses across the secondary
of the VT or the breaking of one of the
connection circuits. This detection
instantly blocks the protection and

triggers an alarm by contact after a

time delay has elapsed. Blocking can
also be controlled by an external
device (protection of reducers by
miniature circuit breaker).

Closing onto faults

In the event of a circuit breaker
closing on a faulty line, the protection
trips on a starting criterion.

Alarms
On the front panel of the protection,
there are indicator lamps which
indicate the faulty phase or phases
and the tripping zone. The indication
is stored (bistables) even in the event
of auxiliary supply loss. Many
polarity-free contacts are provided to
permit remote signalling.

Tripping
In its basic version, the protection
includes six tripping contacts (two per
phase) providing direct control of the
circuit-breaker coils. To prevent any
deterioration, the contacts are held as
long as the current conducted through
them is greater than 0.2 A.

Complementary modules
Operation block diagram
9

13

8
CC

7
12

3I

U, I

Logical

11

(Vo, Io, Ko)

3U

10
3

VD
memory

CC

Power swing detection

The module measures the speed of
variation of the impedance point
between two circular or lenticular
characteristics. After initial detection,
the protection is blocked for one
second and blocking is rearmed after
each further passage through the
power swing band. Internal selectors
are used for choosing the zone for
which blocking is effective. In the
event of a simultaneous single phase
fault, the protection is unlocked
immediatly.
Auto-recloser
The protection can incorporate a
single phase-three-phase auto-recloser
module. It includes a 6-position
selector for choosing the desired
operating mode.

Technical characteristics

Input circuits
Rated voltage Un
Constantly permissible voltage
Burden
Frequency
Rated current In
Constant overload current
Overload current for 10 s
Overload current for 1 s
Burden measured across rack terminal

100 to 130 V
(or 200 to 260 V for non-standard model)
2 Un
0.1 VA
50 or 60 Hz
1 or 5 A
4 In
30 In
100 In
0.1 VA (1 A) ; 0.5 VA (5 A)

Auxiliary supply
Inaudible DC/DC converter
Tolerance
Standby state consumption
Fault state consumption

48,110, 125, 220, 250 V DC

-20%, +20%
except for 250 V DC : -20%, +10%
30 W
55 W

Settings
Forward supervision limit : X4
X
X4

X4 = 10
x Fn ohms/phase
In
N4 + 1
N4 adjustable from 0 to 99 by
thumbwheels switches
Table of X4 limits (in ohms/phase)
In

Fn
1A
5A

X5

50 Hz

60 Hz

5 to 500
1 to 100

6 to 600
1.2 to 120

Reverse supervision limit : X5

Characteristics form a
b

X5 = K5 x X4 with K5 = 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8

a = 0.47 ; 0.58 ; 0.7 ; 0.84 ; 1
b

First zone limit : X1

X1 = a1 x

0.4
x Fn ohms/phase
In
N1 +1

a1 = 1, 5, 10, 50
thumbwheel switches
N1 = 0 to 99
Second zone limit : X2
(same equation as for X2 with index 2)

Table of X1 limits
(in steps equal or less than 5%)
In

Third zone limit : X3

(same equation as for X1 with index 3)
The settings for all 3 zones are
independent

Fn
1A
5A

50 Hz

60 Hz

0.2 to 100 0.24 to 120

0.04 to 20 0.048 to 24

Earth coefficient : Ko = Xo - Xd
Setting from 0 to 1.5 in steps of 0.1
3 Xd
(thumbwheel switch)
Reference impedance characteristic angle F = 50 Hz : 45 to 86 in 16 steps
(line angle) :
F = 60 Hz : 50 to 87 (thumbwheel
switch)

Settings
Time delays : step 1 T1
step 2 T2

X1
R

step 3 T3
step 4 T4
Sensitivity : phase current threshold
Earth current threshold
Directional sensitivity

First zone forward

Power swing detector

Accuracy
Distance measurements 1st, 2nd and
3rd zone for an SIR from 0.1 to 30 and
current from 0.25 to 30 In
Starting
Time delays

X2
R

5% of set value
10% of set value
2% of set value

Operating time
Minimum value : 15 ms, typical value : 25 ms
Auto-recloser
Single phase cycle
Fast three phase cycle
Slow three phase cycle
Reclaim time

Second zone forward

0 to 495 ms in steps of 5 ms
0 to 990 ms in steps of 10 ms
thumbor 0 to 9.9 s in steps of 0.1 s
wheel
0 to 9.9 s in steps of 0.1 s
switches
0 to 9.9 s in steps of 0.1 s
0.15 In
0.1 to 1.6 In in steps of 0.1 In or
0.2 to 3.2 In in steps of 0.2 In
or percentage relay (thumbwheel switch)
unlimited for all unbalance faults
unlimited for 0.5 s for nearby three-phase
faults (voltage memory)
X4 with X4 : forward zone value
: setting : 0.1 ; 0.2 ; 0.4 ; 1

0.1 to 9.9 s in steps of 0.1 s

0.05 to 4.95 s in steps of 0.05 s
1 to 99 s in steps of 1 s
1 to 99 s in steps of 1 s

Tripping circuits
2 tripping contacts per phase, self-held for current greater than 0.2 A

X
X3

Indication :
Max service voltage
Permanent current
Breaking capacity (L/R = 40 ms)

Third zone forward

X
X4

R
X5

Fourth zone forward

Fifth zone reverse

Contacts
Tripping :
Max service voltage
Making current (0.5 s)
Permanent current
Breaking capacity (L/R = 40 ms)

250 V
30 A
5A
0.75 A at 48 VDC
0.30 A at 125 VDC
0.15 A at 220-250 VDC
250 V
5A
0.75 A at 48 VDC
0.30 A at 125 VDC
0.15 A at 220-250 VDC

Environment
In operation
Storage
Relative humidity

-10 C to +55 C
-40 C to +70 C
less than 95% without condensation

Insulation
(International standard IEC 255)
Dielectric strength
Impulse wave withstand
High frequency perturbation

2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 mn
5 kV, 1.2/50 s, 0.5 J
2.5 kV, 1 MHz

Presentation
Size : one 19 rack, 8 U
Width
Height
Depth
Weight of complete model

483 mm
354 mm
304 mm
25 kg

Modular And Compact Technology

Variants

Signalling schemes

Depending on the number of

independent measurement elements
and the built-in complementary
Code

Zone 2
independent

Zone 3
independent

modules, the protection is codified as

follows :

P/S

2-pole opening on

3001
3002

3003

3004

3005

3006

3007

3008

3009

3010

3011

3012

3013

3014

3015

3016

By means of internal selectors, the

following remote action types can be
selected :
- step acceleration,
- permissive overreach,
- blocking,
- intertripping.

Step acceleration
B detects the fault in Zone 1 and
sends a signal to A which switches its
measurement reach in Zone 2 without
waiting for the second step. Thus, a
fault near B, normally eliminated at T2
by A, will be eliminated at T1.
Z2A

Z1A

Z2B

Z1B

Permissive overreach

A sees the fault in extended Zone 1

and sends the signal to B which trips
if it has detected the fault in its
extended Zone 1.
Z1A or Z2A
A

Z1B or Z2B

Blocking
(2) : B detects the reverse fault and
sends a signal to A, inhibiting it from
tripping.
(1) : A and B both detect the fault in
extended Zone 1 and trip after a
slight waiting delay for a possible
blocking order.
Z4A

Z1A or Z2A
A

Auto-recloser module

Z1B or Z2B

B
(1)

(2)

Z4B

A Single Standardized
Presentation

L3 L2 L1

br

br

Auxiliary supply

Indication card

Presentation
PXLP 3000 is a modular range
protection. It is built in the form of an
8 U 19 standardized rack, whatever
the model. All these models include
the following basic parts :
- transformer unit,
- card for low level testing,
- starting, zone measurement and time
delay modules,
- memory voltage modules,
- indicating and tripping modules,
- input-output modules.
At all stages of manufacture, from
component incoming checking to final
inspection, protection is put through a
severe quality control plan designed to
ensure optimum reliability. To
eliminate faults in the early stage, the
protection undergoes oven debugging
for a period of 168 hours.

Testing and maintenance

In the same way as all the modular
range protections, PXLP 3000 can be
tested at low level by means of a card
interfacing with the DLF 3000 test set.
During testing, all the tripping signals
can be inhibited to prevent any
inadvertent tripping.

+T2
Tripping A2
Tripping B2
Tripping C2

+T2
DA2
DB2
DC2

+T1
Tripping A1
Tripping B1
Tripping C1

+T1
DA1
DB1
DC1

MR

Starting information

MR

Auto-recloser control

MR

Remote protection transmission

MR

Remote tripping transmission

Zone 1

INV
+T5
information
information
information
information
information

+T5
NA
NB
NC
DT
MN

+T3
Tripping indication Phase A3
Tripping indication Phase B3
Tripping indication Phase C3

+T3
DA3
DB3
DC3

NA Phase A fault
NB Phase B fault
NC Phase C fault
Tripping
Single Phase fault

PHF
RHF

A4 tripping indication
B4 tripping indication
C4 tripping indication
Multi-phase fault indication
Starting information
Fuse failure information
Auxiliary supply
failure indication
Power swing detection
indication

+T4
Z1
Z2
Z3
Z5
NA

HF presence input
Reception - Remote protection
Common

BDT

Choice of three-phase tripping

by protection

VER

Protection blocking input

CB closing input

TPL
RFF

+T4
Zone 1 tripping signal
Zone 2 tripping signal
Zone 3 tripping signal
Zone 5 tripping signal
NA Phase A fault information
NB Phase B fault information
NC Phase C fault information
Tripping information
Single Phase fault information

Monitoring direction
inversion input

+T6
DA6
DB6
DC6

Fuse failure reception input

Common

+T6
Phase tripping indication A6
Phase tripping indication B6
Phase tripping indication C6

NB
NC
DT
MN

DA4
DB4
DC4
PY
MR
FF
MSA
W

Documentation
On request :
- descriptive leaflet : ND 1.6867
- commissioning leaflet : MS 1.6867
- maintenance leaflet : M 1.6867

Simplified diagram of PXLP 3000 connections

Overall dimensions

101.6
101.6

76.2

354.8 (8 U)

354.8 (8 U)

8 holes M6

101.6

76.2

101.6

316

23

37.7

37.7
450 min.

466
482.6

465.1

356

(19'')

Information required when ordering

Code
Rated current
Rated voltage
Frequency
Auxiliary
supply

300

(see table on page 6)

1A
100 3
130 3
50 Hz

5A
200 3
260 3
60 Hz

48 Vcc

110 Vcc

125 Vcc

220 Vcc

250 Vcc

Les caractristiques, ctes et schmas n'engagent

GEC ALSTHOM T&D Protection & Contrle
qu'aprs confirmation.

GEC ALSTHOM T&D Protection & Contrle is

bound by the foregoing specifications,
dimensions and diagrams only after confirmation.

Las caracteristicas, cotas y esquemas

comprometen a las GEC ALSTHOM T&D
Protection & Contrle una vez que hayan sido
confirmadas.

Le caratteristische, le dimensioni e gli schemi, non

impegnano la GEC ALSTHOM T&D Protection &
Contrle che dopo conferma da parte di
quest'ultima.

GEC ALSTHOM T&D Protection & Contrle - Avenue de Figuires - 34975 Lattes Cedex FRANCE
Tl : 33 67 20 54 54 - Tlex : 485 093 F - Fax : 33 67 20 54 99

TRANSCOMP Edition 67 92 02 20

N 1.6867 B - 04/96

Note : on leaving the works, and unless the above information is given, model
configuration will be as follows :
Basic model : 3001
Rated current : 5 A (transformable to 1 A)
Rated voltage : 100/ 3 V
Rated frequency : 50 Hz (transformable to 60 Hz)