Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
1920-1930
Theme 1
Government and the People
A Republican Decade
Chapter 21, Section 1
Schenck v. U.S.
Schenck was convicted of breaking the Espionage Act. In his appeals, Schenck
said he was exercising his freedom of speech.
The Supreme Court said that the government is justified in silencing free
speech when there is a clear and present danger.
Gitlow v. New
York
Socialist Bernard Gitlow published calls for the violent overthrow of the
government. He was convicted of criminal anarchy. The Supreme Court upheld
his conviction, stating that he had urged people to engage in violent revolution.
Sacco and
Vanzetti
Two anarchists were accused of a robbery and murder. Many people believed
that they were singled out because they were both radicals and immigrants.
After a trial that many believed was unfair, the jury found them guilty and
sentenced them to death.
Labor Strikes
Chapter 21, Section 1
Foreign Policy
Domestic Issues
The Teapot
Dome Scandal
A Republican DecadeAssessment
Chapter 21, Section 1
How did the Red Scare contribute to Americas policy of isolationism in the 1920s?
(A) It made Americans more nativist.
(B) It caused a significant American military increase.
(C) It helped Americans form stronger relationships with non-Communist
countries.
(D) It decreased U.S. involvement in Latin America.
Teapot Dome refers to a scandal in the Harding administration involving
(A) Indian reservations.
(B) Oil leases.
(C) Government sale of western lands.
(D) Veterans hospitals
A Republican DecadeAssessment
Chapter 21, Section 1
How did the Red Scare contribute to Americas policy of isolationism in the 1920s?
(A) It made Americans more nativist.
(B) It caused a significant American military increase.
(C) It helped Americans form stronger relationships with non-Communist
countries.
(D) It decreased U.S. involvement in Latin America.
Teapot Dome refers to a scandal in the Harding administration involving
(A) Indian reservations.
(B) Oil leases.
(C) Government sale of western lands.
(D) Veterans hospitals
Theme 2
Who are the Americans
Rural-Urban Split
Although the economy in the
cities expanded in the 1920s,
many farmers found
themselves economically
stressed. This resulted in a
migration from rural to urban
areas.
Rural and urban Americans
were also split over cultural
issues. While many in the
cities were abandoning some
traditional values, rural
populations generally wanted
to preserve these values.
Waves of Migration
Chapter 20, Section 1
Literature
The Lost
Generation
Which of these best describes how the growth of mass media affected
American culture?
(A) It allowed local cultural traditions to flourish.
(B) It made learning the Charleston easier.
(C) It spread the work of Lost Generation writers.
(D) It helped create a common American popular culture.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
(A) A style of jazz music
(B) An African American literary awakening
(C) An increase in the popularity of newspapers and magazines
(D) A type of jazz club found in Harlem
Which of these best describes how the growth of mass media affected
American culture?
(A) It allowed local cultural traditions to flourish.
(B) It made learning the Charleston easier.
(C) It spread the work of Lost Generation writers.
(D) It helped create a common American popular culture.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
(A) A style of jazz music
(B) An African American literary awakening
(C) An increase in the popularity of newspapers and magazines
(D) A type of jazz club found in Harlem
Theme 3
Economic and Social Change
A Business Boom
Chapter 21, Section 2
A Consumer Economy
Chapter 21, Section 2
Industrial Growth
Automobile making became the
nations largest industry.
Thousands of new businesses
arose to serve automobile travel.
Other non-automobile-related
industries grew as well.
Limited government regulation
(laissez-faire policies) helped the
value of businesses to soar.
Rapid business expansion
opened up opportunities for
small companies.
A Business BoomAssessment
Chapter 21, Section 2
A Business BoomAssessment
Chapter 21, Section 2
Herbert Hoover won the 1928 election, benefiting from the years of
prosperity under previous Republican presidents.
Americans had unusually high confidence in the economy in the
1920s. People made risky investments based on the popular
notion that everyone ought to be rich.
Many employers believed that they could prevent strikes and keep
their productivity high with benefits that would meet and exceed
the demands of workers. This approach to labor relations is
called welfare capitalism.
Under welfare capitalism employers raised wages, provided paid
vacations, health plans, recreation programs, and English classes
for recent immigrants. They even set up company unions to
hear the concerns of their workers.
As a result of welfare capitalism, organized labor lost members
during the 1920s.
Uneven
Prosperity
Personal Debt
Many Americans believed that they could count on future income to cover debt.
They bought on installment plans boasting easy terms.
Trouble for
Farmers and
Workers
Farmers unable to pay their debts defaulted on bank loans, which caused rural
banks to fail. Coolidge vetoed a farm relief bill.
While companies grew wealthy, many factory workers remained poor, especially
in distressed industries.
Cultural Conflicts
Chapter 20, Section 3
Prohibition
Chapter 20, Section 3
Organized Crime
Chapter 20, Section 3
Issues of Religion
Chapter 20, Section 3
Fundamentalism
As science, technology, modern
social issues, and new Biblical
scholarship challenged
traditional religious beliefs, a
religious movement called
fundamentalism gained
popularity.
Fundamentalism supported
traditional Christian ideas and
argued for a literal interpretation
of the Bible.
Billy Sunday and other famous
fundamentalist preachers drew
large audiences.
Racial Tensions
Chapter 20, Section 3
Fighting Discrimination
Chapter 20, Section 3
During the 1920s, the NAACP fought for anti-lynching laws and
worked to promote the voting rights of African Americans. These
efforts, however, met with limited success.
A movement led by Marcus Garvey, an immigrant from Jamaica,
became popular with many African Americans. Garvey, who
created the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA),
sought to build up African Americans self-respect and economic
power, encouraging them to buy shares in his Negro Factories
Corporation.
Garvey also encouraged his followers to return to Africa and
create a self-governing nation there. Although corruption and
mismanagement resulted in the collapse of the UNIA, Garveys
ideas of racial pride and independence would affect future black
pride movements.
Cultural ConflictsAssessment
Chapter 20, Section 3
How did Prohibition reinforce the division between urban and rural areas?
(A) Speakeasies only replaced legal saloons in urban areas.
(B) Rural areas were more likely to obey Prohibition.
(C) Urban areas were more likely to obey Prohibition.
(D) Bootleggers only worked in rural areas.
Which of the following best describes Marcus Garveys goals for African
Americans?
(A) Religious fundamentalism and an end to teaching evolution
(B) Equality with Catholics, Jews, and immigrants
(C) Universal suffrage and an end to lynchings
(D) Self-respect, economic power, and independence
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Cultural ConflictsAssessment
Chapter 20, Section 3
How did Prohibition reinforce the division between urban and rural areas?
(A) Speakeasies only replaced legal saloons in urban areas.
(B) Rural areas were more likely to obey Prohibition.
(C) Urban areas were more likely to obey Prohibition.
(D) Bootleggers only worked in rural areas.
Which of the following best describes Marcus Garveys goals for African
Americans?
(A) Religious fundamentalism and an end to teaching evolution
(B) Equality with Catholics, Jews, and immigrants
(C) Universal suffrage and an end to lynchings
(D) Self-respect, economic power, and independence
Theme 4
The U.S.A. and the World
Worker Rights
American Workers
Workers who avoided striking during the war were now demanding
wage increases to keep pace with spiraling inflation. Over 3,300
postwar strikes swept the land. A small group of radicals formed
the COMMUNIST LABOR PARTY in 1919. Progressive and
conservative Americans believed that labor activism was a menace to
American society and must be squelched. The hatchetman against
American radicals was President Wilson's Attorney General, A.
MITCHELL PALMER. Palmer was determined that no Bolshevik
Revolution would happen in the United States.
Palmer Raids
Worker RightsAssessment
Which Factors were the major causes of the Red Scare and the Palmer Raids,
which followed World War I?
(A) Success of the Communist Party in congressional and Presidential
elections.
(B) Race riots in Los Angeles and the revival of the Ku Klux Klan.
(C) Failure of the United States to join the League of Nations and the
unpaid German War Debts.
(D) The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia and workers strikes in
the United States.
The International Labor Organization was formulated in
(A) 1925
(B) 1939
(C) 1919
(D) 1929
Worker RightsAssessment
Which Factors were the major causes of the Red Scare and the Palmer Raids,
which followed World War I?
(A) Success of the Communist Party in congressional and Presidential
elections.
(B) Race riots in Los Angeles and the revival of the Ku Klux Klan.
(C) Failure of the United States to join the League of Nations and the
unpaid German War Debts.
(D) The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia and workers strikes in
the United States.
The International Labor Organization was formulated in
(A) 1925
(B) 1939
(C) 1919
(D) 1929
International Peace
Did the U.S.A follow a policy of isolation in the 1920s?
How did loans by the U.S. both help and hurt German
recovery?
What was the intent of the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
Between 1921 and 1922, the worlds largest naval powers gathered in Washington,
D.C. for a conference to discuss naval disarmament and ways to relieve growing
tensions in East Asia.
In the wake of World War I, leaders in the international community sought to prevent
the possibility of another war. Rising Japanese militarism and an international arms
race heightened these concerns. As a result, policymakers worked to reduce the
rising threat. Senator William E. Borah (RIdaho) led a congressional effort to
demand that the United States engage its two principal competitors in the naval
arms race, Japan and the United Kingdom, in negotiations for disarmament.
In 1921, U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes invited nine nations to
Washington, D.C. to discuss naval reductions and the situation in the Far East. The
United Kingdom, Japan, France and Italy were invited to take part in talks on
reducing naval capacity, while Belgium, China, Portugal, and the Netherlands were
invited to join in discussions on the situation in the Far East. Three major treaties
emerged out of the Washington Naval Conference: the Five-Power Treaty, the FourPower Treaty, and the Nine-Power Treaty.
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/naval-conference
In the years following the First World War, issues of debt repayment and
reparations troubled relations between the Allies and the now defeated
Germany. The U.S.-sponsored Dawes and Young Plans offered a possible
solution to these challenges.
At the end of the First World War, the victorious European powers demanded
that Germany compensate them for the devastation wrought by the four-year
conflict, for which they held Germany and its allies responsible. Unable to agree
upon the amount that Germany should pay at the Paris Peace Conference in
1919, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the other Allies
established a Reparation Commission to settle the question. In the spring of
1921, the Commission set the final bill at 132 billion gold marks, approximately
$31.5 billion. When Germany defaulted on a payment in January 1923, France
and Belgium occupied the Ruhr in an effort to force payment. Instead, they met
a government-backed campaign of passive resistance. Inflation in Germany,
which had begun to accelerate in 1922, spiraled into hyperinflation. The value of
the German currency collapsed; the battle over reparations had reached an
impasse.
Dawes Plan
In late 1923, with the European powers stalemated over German reparations,
the Reparation Commission formed a committee to review the situation. The
committee presented its proposal in April 1924. Under the Dawes Plan,
Germanys annual reparation payments would be reduced, increasing over time
as its economy improved; the full amount to be paid, however, was left
undetermined. Economic policy making in Berlin would be reorganized under
foreign supervision and a new currency, the Reichsmark, adopted. France and
Belgium would evacuate the Ruhr and foreign banks would loan the German
government $200 million to help encourage economic stabilization. U.S.
financier J. P. Morgan floated the loan on the U.S. market, which was quickly
oversubscribed. Over the next four years, U.S. banks continued to lend
Germany enough money to enable it to meet its reparation payments to
countries such as France and the United Kingdom. These countries, in turn,
used their reparation payments from Germany to service their war debts to the
United States. In 1925, Dawes was a co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in
recognition of his plans contribution to the resolution of the crisis over
reparations.
Young Plan
International PeaceAssessment
The Dawes Plan
(A) Allowed the U.S. to forgive German war debts from WWI.
(B) Gave Germany American loans so it could pay its war debts to France and
England.
(C) Significantly improved the economic problems in Europe.
(D) Forced Germany to pay its reparations to the U.S. on a quicker schedule.
What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
(A) A treaty outlawing war
(B) A treaty outlawing trade with Communist countries
(C) A treaty supporting war against Communist countries
(D) A treaty supporting international civil liberties
International PeaceAssessment
The Dawes Plan
(A) Allowed the U.S. to forgive German war debts from WWI.
(B) Gave Germany American loans so it could pay its war debts to France and
England.
(C) Significantly improved the economic problems in Europe.
(D) Forced Germany to pay its reparations to the U.S. on a quicker schedule.
What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
(A) A treaty outlawing war
(B) A treaty outlawing trade with Communist countries
(C) A treaty supporting war against Communist countries
(D) A treaty supporting international civil liberties