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Temi, tomi, eTnosi, eri
Tavi I
terminologiuri problemebi
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Temi, tomi, eTnosi, eri
Temi) aseve, mTel xeobas: Cube Tem /Cube xeE (qveda Temi /qveda xevi -
igulisxmeba balsqvemo svaneTi), Jibe Tem /Jibe xeE (zeda Temi /ze-
da xevi - igulisxmeba balszemo svaneTi)... al.WinWaraulis cno-
biT, xevsureTSi gamoiyeneba Temwyali: "Cveni Temwylisa aris," e.i.
Cveni xeobis, Cveni Temis kacia (Sdr.: makroTemi - kuTxis, mxaris mo-
saxleoba, mikroTemi - xeobis mosaxleoba).
amgvarad, eTnikuri terminebiT: "eTnosi", "eTnikuri jgufi",
"subeTnosi" da misT. unda aRiniSnos damoukidebeli eTnostruq-
turisa da enis mqone adamianTa erTobebi; teqnikuri terminiT:
Temi ki - erTi eTnosis SigniT arsebuli lokaluri jgufebi
(Sdr.: eTnosi - Temi - pirovneba ise miemarTeba erTmaneTs, ro-
gorc ena - kilo - idioleqti); mag., eTnologiuri Tu lingvis-
turi aspeqtiT, qarTveli eris calkeuli Temebia: aWarlebi, gu-
rulebi, CaRmaTuSebi, wovaTuSebi, imerlebi, herebi (ingiloebi),
megrelebi, lazebi, mTiulebi, imerxevelebi, maWaxlelebi, samcxe-
lebi, SavSelebi, livanelebi, taoelebi, moxeveebi, svanebi, fere-
idnelebi, javaxebi, xevsurebi, qarTlelebi, fSavelebi, kaxelebi,
raWvelebi, leCxumlebi...
SeniSvna: warmodgenili sityvebis (eri, tomi Temi...) myar terminebad
qcevas garkveulwilad xels uSlis maTi polisemanturoba...
istoriulad qarTveli eris erT-erT Temad moiazreba afxa-
zebic, magram ruseTis imperiis zewoliT maTi erTi nawili Tavs
qarTvelad aRar aRiqvams (metic, maTs gaorebul cnobierebas
dResdReobiT antiqarTuli mimarTuleba aqvs; afxazTa TviTaR-
qmisa da erovnuli meobis gaorebis istoriisaTvis ix.: z.papaskiri,
1994; z.papaskiri, 1998; T.gvancelaZe, 2000; T.gvancelaZe, m.tabiZe,
r.Serozia, r.Wanturia, 2001 da sxv.).
evropul saxelmwifoebSi, eTnikuri warmomavlobis miuxeda-
vad, sxva kontinentidan Camosulic ki, Tuki is mocemuli qveynis
moqalaqe gaxdeba, saxelmwifos ZiriTadi (saxelmdebeli) eris
Semadgenel nawilad iTvleba, ramdenadac is ukve flobs saxel-
mwifo enas da emorCileba saxelmwifo kanonebs. saqarTveloSi
Camosaxlebuli eTnikuri jgufebis: osebis, TaTrebis, rusebis,
somxebis (da sxv.) erTi nawili istoriis am etapze qarTveli eris
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samwignobro ena, umwignobro ena, dialeqti...
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samwignobro ena, umwignobro ena, dialeqti...
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samwignobro ena, umwignobro ena, dialeqti...
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samwignobro ena, umwignobro ena, dialeqti...
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samwignobro ena, umwignobro ena, dialeqti...
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samwignobro ena, umwignobro ena, dialeqti...
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li, 1877, gv, 68; Turqul enaze). avtori iZulebulia aRiaros: "es qveyana da-
saxlebuli iyo WanebiT, lazebiT da qarTvelebiT, romlebic, marTalia,
sulTnis qveSevrdomebad iTvlebodnen, magram ar cnobdnen centralur xel-
isuflebas da eqvemdebarebodnen mxolod Tavis begebsa da aRebs"...
Turquli istoriografia ver axerxebs, uaryos lazebisa da qarTvele-
bis naTesaoba da eTnikuri erToba, magram mainc cdilobs, "mecnierulad" da-
amtkicos laz-WanTa Turquli warmoSoba. am sakiTxs garkveul adgils uT-
moben saxelmZRvaneloebsa da popularul gamocemebSi. ewevian imis propagan-
das, TiTqos laz-Wanebi ganekuTvnebian alTauri warmomavlobis Turqul eT-
nikur jgufs".
lazTa sakiTxi ufro da ufro rTuldeba:
sakuTari erovnuli istoriis arcodnis gamo, qarTvelobas
Tavisi nebiT emijneba TurqeTSi mcxovreb lazTa erTi nawili; maT
ar ician, rom qarTuli (qarTveluri) samwignobro enis, kultu-
risa da saxelmwifoebriobis SeqmnaSi arsebiTi wvlili swored
laz-megrelebisaa; rom, gansxvavebiT germanuli, italiuri,
espanuri da sxva enebisgan, qarTvelTa samwignobro ena
saerToqarTveluri enis bazaze Seiqmna (da ara romelime kilos
mixedviT); rom maTi winaprebi saukuneebis manZilze sxva qarTve-
lebTan erTad saerTo enaze qmnidnen samwignobro kulturas...
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi da ganaTlebuli lazebisTvis cnobilia
es istoriuli simarTle; Sdr.: ucxoeTSi myof zog lazs es
sinamdvile e.w. qarTuli imperiuli azrovnebis gamovlineba hgo-
nia. araiSviaTad, lazTa amgvari ganwyoba marTulia romelime im-
periis mesveurTa mierac.
qarTvelur kulturasTan lazTa TviTgaigivebas, TviTident-
ifikacias arTulebs saerTo qarTveluri enis divergenciis is
mcdari qronologiebic, romlebic aqamde iyo damkvidrebuli; sa-
nimuSod moviyvanT germaniaSi moRvawe lazi gubaz Cibarisis msj-
elobis fragments werilidan: "megrel-lazebi da saqarTvelo"
(statia Turqulad gamoqveynda Lazebura.com-is gverdebze 2003
wlis martSi):
"megreli (? - t.f.) arqeologi da istorikosi lorTqifaniZe aRniS-
navs, rom iberiuli kultura da kolxuri kultura erTmaneTisagan sru-
liad gansxvavebuli materialuri kulturis mflobelebi arian. aseTi
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samwignobro ena, umwignobro ena, dialeqti...
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samwignobro ena, umwignobro ena, dialeqti...
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samwignobro ena, umwignobro ena, dialeqti...
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samwignobro ena, umwignobro ena, dialeqti...
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samwignobro ena, umwignobro ena, dialeqti...
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samwignobro ena, umwignobro ena, dialeqti...
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samwignobro ena, umwignobro ena, dialeqti...
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samwignobro ena, umwignobro ena, dialeqti...
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qarTvelTa Tanamedrove enobrivi erTeulebis dajgufebis sakiTxi
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qarTvelTa Tanamedrove enobrivi erTeulebis dajgufebis sakiTxi
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qarTvelTa Tanamedrove enobrivi erTeulebis dajgufebis sakiTxi
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qarTvelTa Tanamedrove enobrivi erTeulebis dajgufebis sakiTxi
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qarTvelTa Tanamedrove enobrivi erTeulebis dajgufebis sakiTxi
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qarTvelTa Tanamedrove enobrivi erTeulebis dajgufebis sakiTxi
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qarTvelTa Tanamedrove enobrivi erTeulebis dajgufebis sakiTxi
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qarTvelTa Tanamedrove enobrivi erTeulebis dajgufebis sakiTxi
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tomebi arian (Zveli berZnebi... 1983, gv.159). ariane (II s.) Tavis "pe-
riplusSi" wers: "amJamad lazebs uWiravT teritoria Zidritebi-
dan abaskebamde"; e.i. daaxloebiT Woroxidan kodoramde (T.yaux-
CiSvili, 1987, gv.23; T.yauxCiSvili, 1976, gv.100). "lazebs iqiT
cxovroben afsilebi, afsilebis mosazRvreebi arian abazgebi,
abazgebis mezoblad arian sanigebi, romelTa qveyanaSi mdebareobs
sebastopolisi"; maSasadame, sebastopolisi-cxumi abazgebis te-
ritoriaze ki ar yofila, aramed sanigebis qveyanaSi..." (georgika,
1952, gv.235; s.yauxCiSvilis SeniSvna).
Sdr., V saukunis "periplusis" anonimi avtori:
"Zveli aqeidan Zvel lazikamde da md. aqeuntamde (es ki aris
soWidan daaxloebiT 30 km.-iT daSorebuli - T. y.) uwin cxovrob-
dnen tomebi: henioxebi, koraqsebi, kolikebi, melanxlenebi, maxe-
lonebi, kolxebi da lazebi, axla ki cxovroben zixebi. am ukanas-
knel SemTxvevaSi Savi zRvis Crdilo-aRmosavleT sanapiroze mo-
saxleobad Canan maxelonebi (kolxebi da lazebi Cveulebriv uf-
ro samxreTiT igulisxmebodnen xolme), magram aq yvela tomi er-
Tad aris xsenebuli am nakveTze; ase rom, aq sagangebo viTarebaa (T,
yauxCiSvili, 1969, gv.130). periplusis (V s.) anonimuri avtori aq-
ve wers: "dioskuriidan anu sebastopolisidan md. afsarosamde
winaT cxovrobda xalxi, kolxebad wodebuli, axla lazebad saxe-
Secvlili" - e.i. anonimma icis lazTa da kolxTa mimarTeba, kol-
xuri da lazuri saxelmwifoebis gavrcelebis are (T. yauxCiSvi-
li, 1976, gv.105).
Sdr., ariane: trapezuntidan Zvel lazikamde (nikofsiamde, am-
Jamindel novomixa~lovska~amde) cxovroben Semdegi tomebi: kol-
xebi, sanebi, makronebi, henioxebi, Zidritebi, lazebi, afsilebi,
abaskebi, sanigebi, Zilqebi. sakuTriv lazebi cxovrobdnen afsaro-
sidan (gonio Tu sarfi) daaxloebiT md. kodoris (Zveli hoposi)
SesarTavamde.
Sdr., stefane bizantieli (IV-VII s.): lazebi - skviTuri tomi,
aris [pontoSi], aqvea sofeli "Zveli lazike", rogorc ambobs ari-
ane... (georgika, 1936, gv.281).
astronomiisa da geografiis fuZemdebeli klavdios ptole-
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formebTan; ix., agreTve, iv. javaxiSvili (1960, gv. 405): la-zan-ik-a >
lazika, sadac la- svanuri mawarmoebelia. dasaSvebia, rom laz-
fuZe ucxouri warmomavlobisa iyos (Sdr., qarTveluri warmomav-
lobis eTnonimebs fonetikuri variantebi udasturdebaT).
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Tac es qveyana uWiravT" (herodote, 1975, gv. 330, V, 49); Sdr., iqve,
gv. 434: "... frigielebs, rogorc makedonelebi amboben, ewodebaT
brigebi, mTeli im xnis ganmavlobaSi, sanam evropelebi iyvnen da
makedonelebis mezoblad cxovrobdnen, xolo, aziaSi rom gada-
vidnen, miwa-wyalTan erTad saxelic gamoicvales, frigielebi da-
irqves. armenielebi, romlebic frigielebisagan momdinareoben,
frigielebis msgavsad iyvnen mowyobilebi." Sdr., diodore sici-
lielis mier CamoTvlili tomebis Tanamimdevroba (Zv. w. I s.): kar-
duxebi, armenielebi, xaebi (e.i. taoxebi), fasianebi, xaldebi, ski-
tinebi, makronebi, kolxebi, mosAinoikebi, tibarenebi" (T. yauxCiS-
vili, 1976, gv.124); ipolite romaeli (III): "kapatukielTa gadaRma,
marjvena mxareebSi cxovroben armenielebi, iberielebi da berane-
bi, xolo marcxena mxareebSi - skviTebi, kolxebi da bosporelebi"
(georgika, 1961, gv.19)... Zv.w. II saukuneSi armenebi did warmatebebs
aRweven.
iv. javaxiSvilis azriT (1960, gv.437), ramdenadac qsenofonte
araqsis midamoebSi alarodebis nacvlad ukve armenebs asaxelebs,
SesaZlebelia, vimsjeloT am tomis kavkasiaSi mosvlis SedarebiT
zust TariRzec.
CvenTvis savsebiT sarwmunoa samecniero literaturaSi gaba-
tonebuli azri, rom eTnonimi somexi Tavdapirvelad erTi ganapi-
ra qarTveluri tomis an, sulac, monaTesave urartuelebis saxe-
li iyo; Cans, saukuneebis manZilze TandaTan damkvidrebulma ar-
menebma nel-nela moaxdines urartul-qarTvelur tomTa asimila-
cia; asimilirebuli qarTveluri tomis metyvelebis danaSrevi aS-
karaa rogorc armenielTa enaSi (kavkasiuri abruptivebis rigis
arsebobis faqti!), aseve, maT anTropologiur maxasiaTeblebSi.
SemTxveviTi ar Cans is, rom araratis Zveli saxeli - masis mTa da
eTnonimi somex-i (< * so-mes-x- < * sa-mas-x-) erTmaneTTan daakavSira
n.marma; ar gamoiricxeba sxva gzac: *mas-x- → *sam-x- → som-x-; saki-
Txi Semdgom kvlevas saWiroebs.
samecniero literaturaSi msjeloben armenebisa da skviTebis
saerTo warmomavlobis Sesaxeb (n.xazaraZe, 1984, gv.194); sarwmunoa
mosazrebac, rom: haiki kavkasiaSi mosaxle (avtoqToni) urartul-
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herebi...
am tomTa didi nawilis qarTvelurobis Sesaxeb sarwmuno
cnobebi jer kidev antikuri periodidan moipoveba (mag., agaTias
azriT, misimielebi, kolxebi da afsilebi naTesavebi arian). zogi
uZvelesi qarTveluri tomi saerTod daikarga (mag., gugarTa to-
mis Sesaxeb ix. iv.javaxiSvili, 1950, gv.24-33); bevris saxelic dRe-
mde SemorCa qarTveluri Temebis (mesxebi, taoelebi, lazebi, sva-
nebi, fxovelebi, megrelebi, herebi, kaxelebi da sxva), an konkre-
tuli adgilis, regionis (kolxeTis dablobi, oZrxe, viwe, quTai-
si...) Tu romelime xalxis (mag., somxebis...) saxelebis saxiT.
unda vivaraudoT, rom II-I aTaswleulebSi ZiriTadad swo-
red am tomTagan iZerweba qarTveluri eTnosi (amis Sesaxeb ix. II
Tavi); xolo maTi kiloebis bazaze arsebuli koines mixedviT
iqmneba samwignobro enac. warmodgenili masalis analizi cxad-
yofs, rom Cvens istoriul sacxovrisSic xdeboda qarTvelur-kav-
kasiur-winaaziur tomTa Sidamigraciebic da erTmaneTis xarjze
politikuri hegemonobis velis gafarToebac; ucxo ar iyo indo-
evropel Tu semit tomTa Semorevebic. bunebrivia, samwignobro
enis Seqmnamde, politikuri liderobis Sesabamisad, qarTvelTa
sxvadasxva kilouri normac batondeboda, riTac biZgi eZleoda
gardamavali kiloebis warmoqmnasac. droTa ganmavlobaSi sakuT-
riv qarTveluri enis/koines, Zveli qarTveluri kiloebisa da am
gardamavali metyvelebebis safuZvelze yalibdeba Tanamedrove
qarTveluri kiloebi. saqarTvelos ganapira regionebSi dialeqt-
ebis saxes gansazRvravs mezobel eTnosTa enebis adstratuli Tu
superstratuli gavlenebic.
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qarTvelTa TviTsaxelwodeba - qarTveli
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qarTvelTa TviTsaxelwodeba - qarTveli
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qarTvelTa TviTsaxelwodeba - qarTveli
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qarTvelTa TviTsaxelwodeba - qarTveli
kuTxis saxed, mag., aravin ambobs, rom akaki imereli poetia, vaJa -
fSaveli, konstantine gamsaxurdia - megreli mwerali da a.S.
qarTlelisa/qarTvelisa da Tavadis mimarTebis analogiu-
ria opozicia: margali da Jinosqua; sxva qarTvelTa metyveleba-
Si megreli (egriseli) saqarTvelos erTi kuTxis mosaxleobas
miemarTeboda, magram sakuTriv megrul kiloSi gamoyenebuli mi-
si Sesatyvisi forma - margali sulac ar iyo megrelis zusti
"Targmani": megrul kiloSi margali megrelTa mxolod dabal
fenas aRniSnavda; maRal fenas Seesabameboda Jinosqua ("aznau-
ri", "zecis Svili", "zena Svili"; Jinosquas fena, Sesabamisad,
warmodgenili opozicia moiSala bolSevikebismieri represiebis
Semdeg). aqve xazgasmiT aRsaniSnavia, rom margalisa da qarTle-
lis socialur statuss - qarTvelTa kerZo saxeebs - regionalur
variantebs - Seesabameba ori dialeqturi metyveleba, xolo Ji-
nosquasa da Tavads - rogorc zogadqarTul fenomens - erTi
saerTo samwignobro qarTuli: e.i. socialuri fenis markireba
xdeba sametyvelo kodis mixedviT...
SeniSvna: 2000 wels gamoqveynebul wignSi "qeba~ da dideba~ qarTuli-
sa enisa~" margal- formis mier semantikis gafarToeba da misi gaTanab-
reba megrel- sityvasTan axsnili gvqonda istoriuli procesebis Sesa-
bamisad: komunistebis mier Jinosquas fenis gaJletisa da, saerTod,
amgvari leqsikis (batoni, Tavadi, Jinosqua, aznauri...) akrZalvis fon-
ze, margali forma semantikuradac gauTanabrda megrels; amgvari ax-
sna "istoriuli perspeqtivis darRvevad" miiCnia m. qurdianma; is wers:
"am hipoTezis argumenti, saliteraturo enis faqtori, sagangebod mi-
sadagebuli "margalis" socialur funqcias, aRar muSaobs "qarTve-
lis" analogiur situaciaSi" (ix. m.qurdiani, 2001, gv.105).
_ mxolod qarTlels - saqarTvelos erTi kuTxis mosaxleo-
bas; ara mxolod Sua saukuneebis qarTul wyaroebSi, aramed zog
Tanamedrove qarTvelur kiloebSic ki qarTveli qarTlels aR-
niSnavs; mag., al.WinWaraulis cnobiT, xevsurebisTvis saqarTve-
los sxva kuTxeebis mcxovrebni arian: qarTvelni (qarTlelebi),
mesxni, javaxni (Sdr.: ejavaxeba - ejiuteba), kaxni, fSavelni, moxeve-
ni, gudamayrelni, TuSni, imerni, afxazni (afxazi - vaJkaci), meg-
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qarTvelTa TviTsaxelwodeba - qarTveli
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qarTvelTa TviTsaxelwodeba - qarTveli
gens qarTl- formis gamartivebul saxes (qarTl- > qarT- > q@rT):
didi qarTlis daSlis Semdeg - arabobis periodidan (qoronim sa-
qarTvelos damkvidrebis paralelurad), misi semantika TandaTan
dedaqalaqad daviwrovda.
axsnadia is faqtic, rom qarTu/qarT formis a xmovani zanur-
Si ar iZleva o-s: zanur arealSi a-s labializebis Seferxeba SeiZ-
leba ganepirobebina bolokidur u-s, Tuki amosaval formad
davuSvebT qarTus, an bolokiduri l-s dakargvas, Tuki amosaval
formad davsaxavT qarTls: qarTl- > qarT; Sdr.: Zma/Zmal- - jima,
da/dal- - da, mama/mamal- - muma... magram: cxra - Cxoro, da - do (kav-
Siri), mamali - mumuli... pirvel magaliTebSi a-s labializebas
aferxebs bolokiduri l-s dakargva (am procesis Sesaxeb ix.
t.futkaraZe, 1990); saerTod, SeiniSneba, rom saerToqarTvelur
fuZeSi momxdari sxva fonetikuri procesi abrkolebs qarTvelur
bgeraTSesatyvisobebad saxeldebul istoriul fonetikur pro-
cesebs (ix. qvemoT).
vfiqrobT, Cven mier zemoT warmodgenili msjeloba cxadyofs,
rom qarTveli (qarTleli) da margali formebis socialuri se-
mantika savsebiT erTgvari viTarebiTaa Sepirobebuli; garda ami-
sa, samwignobro enis faqtori sagangebod ki ar miesadageba arse-
bul mdgomareobas, aramed asaxavs eTnokulturul da istoriul
suraTs; Sdr., m.qurdiani, 2001, gv.105: "riTi unda aixsnas qarTul
enaSi termin qarTvelis Sesabamisad megrulSi termin megreli-
saTvis dabali socialuri fenis warmomadgenlis semantikiT aR-
Wurva?.." xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT, rom megrel- formas arsad udas-
turdeba dabali socialuri fenis gamoxatva; amgvari SinaarsiT
gvaqvs mxolod margali; aseve, qarTveli mxolod qarTlur dia-
leqtur velSi Cndeba "glexis" mniSvnelobT da ara, zogadad, qar-
Tul enaSi; amgvari niuansebis gauTvaliswinebloba msjelobas Cix-
Si Seiyvans; margalis Sesaxeb ix., agreTve, g.meliqiSvili, 1974, gv.
103; t.futkaraZe, 1999.
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qarTvelTa TviTsaxelwodeba - qarTveli
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qarTvelTa TviTsaxelwodeba - qarTveli
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qarTvelTa TviTsaxelwodeba - qarTveli
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eTnonimTa da TemonimTa lingvisturi mimarTebis sqema
a. qarTu(eli):
saerToqarTveluri eTnosis TviTsaxelwodebaSi: qarTueli
gamoiyofa qarTu- fuZe, romelsac SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes ara
mxolod qald- (qaldea), xald- fuZeebi, aramed, kardu-x- formac
(-x- krebiTobis sufiqsia; Sdr.; kola - kol-x-i, tao - tao-x-i, Wor-
of-a - Wor-o-x-i, Rvino/vino - vena-x-i; Sdr. m.Cuxua, 2003, gv. 9).
aris cduneba, qarT-/xald- fuZesTan davakavSiroT xal-ib-
fuZec, Tumca manam, sanam -ib- segmentis damajerebeli kvalifikacia
ar moxdeba, raimes mtkiceba SeuZlebelia (Cven vvaraudobT -eb- > -
ib- process). Tavis mxriv, xal-ib- (xalibi) fuZesTan dakavSirebu-
li Cans homerosTan dadasturebuli [h]al-ib-e: h, x, q ukana warmoe-
bis fSvinvieri Tanxmovnebis monacvleoba mosalodnelia ara mxo-
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eTnonimTa da TemonimTa lingvisturi mimarTebis sqema
b. mesxi:
masisi (mTa) da fasisi (mdinare) geografiuli saxelebisa da
eTnonim fasianebis safuZvelze SeiZleba gamovyoT mas-/fas- Ziri;
Sdr.: berZnul miTologiaSi eTnarqi kolxi fasisis Svilad aris
miCneuli, fasisi ki wylis RvTaebaa (sakiTxis istoriisaTvis ix.
T.miqelaZe, 1955, gv.33-34). aq sainteresoa isic, rom berZenTa cno-
bierebaSi wylis RvTaeba (Sesabamisad, mdinareebis aRmniSvneli si-
tyva fasisi) da kolxida (mxare mdinareebuxvi?) erTmaneTTanaa
dakavSirebuli. saintereso Cans agreTve p.ingoroyvas varaudi,
rom fas- Semonaxulia bas-ian-i formaSi.
*mas- Ziri amosavali SeiZleba iyos mes-x-, mos-x- da mus-x- fuZe-
ebze nayari sityvebisaTvis (-x- - krebiTobis gamomxatveli sufiq-
si); Sdr.: n.xazaraZis azriT, mesx-/mosx-/musx- formebisTvis amosa-
valia mosx- fuZe.
*masx- arqetipi, vfiqrobT, Semonaxulia muSqebis/kabadokiis
qalaq mazaxa/mazaka formaSi: mas-x-/mas-a-x- > mazax-; Sdr., jer kidev
ioseb flaviusis azriT (1987, gv.103), eTnonimi mosoxi da qalaqis
saxeli mazaka saerTo warmomavlobis fuZeebia. mes-x- dadasture-
bulia mesx- fuZeSi; misi povniereba sarwmuno Cans mesqin-, meSex-
da mcxeTa formebSic (Sdr., g.bedoSvili, 1981, gv. 269-276).
mosx- forma daculia bibliur mosox-, mosoq, muSq-, berZnul
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eTnonimTa da TemonimTa lingvisturi mimarTebis sqema
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eTnonimTa da TemonimTa lingvisturi mimarTebis sqema
d. kol-x-i
qarTuli provinciis saxeli kola inaxavs amosaval fuZes:
kol-/kor- Zirisganaa warmoqmnili kol-x-/kil-x-/kul-x- (-x- -
krebiTobis gamomxatveli sufiqsi); aqve SeiZleba ganvixiloT: kor-
a-qs-i, ma-kr-on-i, kl-ar-j-i formebic.
e. speri/iberi:
amosavali fuZe Cans *hper-/sper- (Sdr.: speri, speris zRva);
aqedan:
*hperi > ~peri > iper- > iber-/iver- (iberia/iveria); Sdr.,
speri > ~speri > ispiri (ix. s.janaSia, 1952, gv.60). h/s > ~/~h/~s > ~/i
fonetikuri procesi qarTveluri kiloebisaTvis damaxasiaTebe-
li movlenaa: gasTibs > ga~sTibs/ga~Tibs; stumari > ~htumari
(b.jorbenaZe, 1998, gv.196, 357, 545, 550); 2005 wels iusufelis
raionis qarTul soflebSi (Beva~, qoba~, balxi) Cven mier
Cawerilma masalam aCvena, rom Tavkidur poziciaSi s/h > ~ procesi
gansakuTrebiT aqtiuria taourSi.
ar gamoiricxeba arc: tiber- > hiber > hber- > sper- da tiber-
> hiber- > iber- procesebi; sakiTxi Semdgom kvlevas iTxovs.
speri: sa-sper- (sasperitebi), sa-peir-/sa-veir- (stefane bi-
zantieli);
*hper- > *hber- > ber- > ver- > vir- > vir-q (>vr-a-c-)- > vir-
San-; *ber-/ver- > var-, var-u-C-an, gurCan-, gurgan- (< georgi-
an-), gurj-, kurg- (dadasturebulia XIII s.; s.janaSia, 1959, gv.53),
gurZH- (osuri formaa), gruzin- (< guruzin-)... Sdr., Cerqezuli
qurjH "Tbilisi", adiRuri (SafsuRuri) qHrce (< gurj) da osuri
gurjHn "tanadi" (sparsul enobriv velSi va > gu procesisaTvis
Sdr., g. wereTlis mier motanili magaliTebi: vard > gul, varaz > gu-
raz, visnasp > gusnasp... (g.wereTeli, 1993, gv.104).
wyaroebSi dadasturebuli qarTvelTa aRmniSvneli sxva saxe-
lebi naklebvariantulni arian; mag.: lazi, kaxi/kuxi, TuSi, java-
xi/zabaxa... variantTa simcire aixsneba zogi saxelis araqarTvelu-
ri warmomavlobiT, zogisa ki - lokaluri gamoyenebiT (mag., kaxi
gamoiyeneba mxolod viwro enobriv velSi); Tumca, sakvlevia kuxis
mimarteba kolxTan, rogorc amas varaudobda v.aleni (ix.,
T.papuaSvili, 1993, gv. 428).
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sxvadasxvaenovani qoronimebi da sxvadasxva istoriuli epoqa
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sxvadasxvaenovani qoronimebi da sxvadasxva istoriuli epoqa
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sxvadasxvaenovani qoronimebi da sxvadasxva istoriuli epoqa
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sxvadasxvaenovani qoronimebi da sxvadasxva istoriuli epoqa
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sxvadasxvaenovani qoronimebi da sxvadasxva istoriuli epoqa
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sxvadasxvaenovani qoronimebi da sxvadasxva istoriuli epoqa
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sxvadasxvaenovani qoronimebi da sxvadasxva istoriuli epoqa
("Zvelad ufro ena unda yofiliyo"; ak. SaniZe, 1981, gv.443) ara mxo-
lod sazRvrebis, aramed, saerTod, arsebobis sakiTxi; miT umetes, -ev-
sufiqsiani toponimebi aseve gavrcelebulia aragvisa da qsnis xeobeb-
Sic (iqve, gv.440); mag., ak. SaniZe qarTlSi (ivris xeobamde), imereTsa da
raWaSic adasturebs saTanado masalas: Zeglevi, alevi, arcevi, ortevi,
Rvlevi, bobnevi, ikvnevi, atrevi, avnevi, frinevi, klonevi, avlevi, fle-
vi, uwlevi, jablevi… raWaSi: RruSevi, Zeglevi, onWevi, Wibrevi, xeTle-
vi, velevi, xotevi… axalcixeSi: woxtevi (ak.SaniZe, 1981, gv.440-441).
-ev sufiqsiani toponimebi dasturdeba SavSeT-imerxevSic: devaZevi,
valilevi, xoxlevi, (n.cecxlaZe, 2000, gv.65); Sdr., ak.SaniZe, 1981,
gv.443: "-ev sufiqsis gavrcelebis ZiriTad ared SegviZlia CavTvaloT
teritoria aragvidan rionis Sua welamde".
-ev- sufiqsi saerToqarTveluri enis, arqauli qarTulisa da samwig-
nobro qarTulis afiqsTa (krebiToba-warmomavlobisa da daniSnule-
bis afiqsebis) cxrilSi logikurad zis; Sdr.:
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sxvadasxvaenovani qoronimebi da sxvadasxva istoriuli epoqa
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sxvadasxvaenovani qoronimebi da sxvadasxva istoriuli epoqa
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sxvadasxvaenovani qoronimebi da sxvadasxva istoriuli epoqa
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sxvadasxvaenovani qoronimebi da sxvadasxva istoriuli epoqa
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sxvadasxvaenovani qoronimebi da sxvadasxva istoriuli epoqa
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sxvadasxvaenovani qoronimebi da sxvadasxva istoriuli epoqa
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ZiriTadi debulebebi
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