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Ejemplo de Practica de Admin Redes
Ejemplo de Practica de Admin Redes
Tabla de direccionamiento
Dispositivo
Nombre de host
Interfaz
Direccin IP
Mscara de subred
Gateway
predeterminado
S1
VLAN 99
172.17.99.11
255.255.255.0
N/C
S2
VLAN 99
172.17.99.12
255.255.255.0
N/C
S3
VLAN 99
172.17.99.13
255.255.255.0
N/C
PC1
NIC
172.17.10.21
255.255.255.0
172.17.10.12
PC2
NIC
172.17.20.22
255.255.255.0
172.17.20.12
PC3
NIC
172.17.30.23
255.255.255.0
172.17.30.12
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 1 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
Asignacin
Red
Fa0/1 0/4
172.17.99.0 /24
Fa0/5 0/10
172.17.30.0 /24
Fa0/11 0/17
VLAN 10 Faculty/Staff
172.17.10.0 /24
Fa0/18 0/24
VLAN 20 Students
172.17.20.0 /24
Objetivos de aprendizaje
Al completar esta prctica de laboratorio podr:
Observar y explicar el comportamiento predeterminado del Protocolo Spanning Tree (STP, 802.1D)
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 2 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
1002
1003
1004
1005
fddi-default
token-ring-default
fddinet-default
trnet-default
active
active
active
active
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 3 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
Contrasea de VTP
S1
Servidor
Prctica de Lab5
cisco
S2
Cliente
Prctica de Lab5
cisco
S3
Cliente
Prctica de Lab5
cisco
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 4 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
VLAN
VLAN 99
VLAN 10
VLAN 20
VLAN 30
S1(config)#vlan 99
S1(config-vlan)#name
S1(config-vlan)#exit
S1(config)#vlan 10
S1(config-vlan)#name
S1(config-vlan)#exit
S1(config)#vlan 20
S1(config-vlan)#name
S1(config-vlan)#exit
S1(config)#vlan 30
S1(config-vlan)#name
S1(config-vlan)#exit
Nombre de la VLAN
administracin
cuerpo docente-personal
estudiantes
guest
management
faculty-staff
students
guest
Status
Ports
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 5 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 6 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
Priority
32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
Address
0019.068d.6980
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300
Interface
---------------Fa0/1
Fa0/2
Fa0/3
Fa0/4
Role
---Desg
Desg
Desg
Desg
Sts
--FWD
FWD
FWD
FWD
Cost
--------19
19
19
19
Prio.Nbr
-------128.3
128,4
128,5
128,6
Type
-------------------------------P2p
P2p
P2p
P2p
VLAN0010
Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
Root ID
Priority
32778
Address
0019.068d.6980
This bridge is the root
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec
Bridge ID
Priority
32778 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 10)
Address
0019.068d.6980
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300
Interface
---------------Fa0/1
Fa0/2
Fa0/3
Fa0/4
Role
---Desg
Desg
Desg
Desg
Sts
--FWD
FWD
FWD
FWD
Cost
--------19
19
19
19
Prio.Nbr
-------128.3
128,4
128,5
128,6
Type
-------------------------------P2p
P2p
P2p
P2p
VLAN0020
Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 7 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
Root ID
Bridge ID
Priority
32788
Address
0019.068d.6980
This bridge is the root
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec
Priority
32788 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 20)
Address
0019.068d.6980
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300
Interface
---------------Fa0/1
Fa0/2
Fa0/3
Fa0/4
Role
---Desg
Desg
Desg
Desg
Sts
--FWD
FWD
FWD
FWD
Cost
--------19
19
19
19
Prio.Nbr
-------128.3
128,4
128,5
128,6
Type
-------------------------------P2p
P2p
P2p
P2p
VLAN0030
Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
Root ID
Priority
32798
Address
0019.068d.6980
This bridge is the root
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec
Bridge ID
Priority
32798 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 30)
Address
0019.068d.6980
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300
Interface
---------------Fa0/1
Fa0/2
Fa0/3
Fa0/4
Role
---Desg
Desg
Desg
Desg
Sts
--FWD
FWD
FWD
FWD
Cost
--------19
19
19
19
Prio.Nbr
-------128.3
128,4
128,5
128,6
Type
-------------------------------P2p
P2p
P2p
P2p
VLAN0099
Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
Root ID
Priority
32867
Address
0019.068d.6980
This bridge is the root
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec
Bridge ID
Priority
32867 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 99)
Address
0019.068d.6980
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300
Interface
---------------Fa0/1
Fa0/2
Fa0/3
Fa0/4
Role
---Desg
Desg
Desg
Desg
Sts
--FWD
FWD
FWD
FWD
Cost
--------19
19
19
19
Prio.Nbr
-------128.3
128,4
128,5
128,6
Type
-------------------------------P2p
P2p
P2p
P2p
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 8 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
Observe que hay cinco instancias del spanning tree en cada switch. La configuracin predeterminada del
STP en los switches Cisco es Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST+), que crea un spanning tree individual
para cada VLAN (VLAN 1 y cualquier VLAN configurada a nivel de usuario).
Examine el spanning tree de VLAN 99 para los tres switches.
S1#show spanning-tree vlan 99 priority?
VLAN0099
Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
Root ID
Priority
32867
Address
0019.068d.6980
This bridge is the root
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec
Bridge ID
Priority
32867 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 99)
Address
0019.068d.6980
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300
Interface
---------------Fa0/1
Fa0/2
Fa0/3
Fa0/4
Role
---Desg
Desg
Desg
Desg
Sts
--FWD
FWD
FWD
FWD
Cost
--------19
19
19
19
Prio.Nbr
-------128.3
128,4
128,5
128,6
Type
-------------------------------P2p
P2p
P2p
P2p
Priority
32867 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 99)
Address
001b.0c68.2080
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 15
Interface
---------------Fa0/1
Fa0/2
Fa0/3
Fa0/4
Role
---Desg
Desg
Root
Altn
Sts
--FWD
FWD
FWD
BLK
Cost
--------19
19
19
19
Prio.Nbr
-------128,1
128,2
128.3
128.4
Type
-------------------------------P2p
P2p
P2p
P2p
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 9 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
Port
Hello Time
Bridge ID
1 (FastEthernet0/1)
2 sec Max Age 20 sec
Priority
32867 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 99)
Address
001b.5303.1700
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300
Interface
---------------Fa0/1
Fa0/2
Fa0/3
Fa0/4
Role
---Root
Altn
Altn
Altn
Sts
--FWD
BLK
BLK
BLK
Cost
--------19
19
19
19
Prio.Nbr
-------128,1
128.2
128,3
128,4
Type
-------------------------------P2p
P2p
P2p
P2p
S3 _______
2. Cul es la prioridad ID de Puente para el switch S1 en las VLAN 10, 20, 20 y 99?
a. VLAN 10 ______
b. VLAN 20______
c.
VLAN 30______
d. VLAN 99______
3. Qu switch es la raz para el spanning tree de VLAN 99? ________________
4. En la VLAN 99, qu puertos del spanning tree estn en estado de bloqueo en el switch raz?
_________________
5. En la VLAN 99, qu puertos del spanning tree estn en estado de bloqueo en los switches
que no son raz? ________________________
6. Cmo elige el STP el switch raz? _________________________
7. Ya que las prioridades de puente son las mismas, qu ms usa el switch para determinar
la raz? ________________________
El switch raz es responsable de generar las BPDU en STP 802.1D y es el punto focal del control
de trfico de spanning tree. El switch raz debe poder manejar esta carga de procesamiento
adicional.
La ubicacin de la raz define las rutas activas conmutadas en la red. La ubicacin aleatoria
posiblemente lleve a rutas que no sean las ptimas. Lo ideal es que la raz se encuentre en
la capa de distribucin.
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 10 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
Considere la topologa empleada en esta prctica de laboratorio. De los seis enlaces troncales
configurados, solamente dos transportan trfico. Aunque esto evita los bucles, es una prdida
de recursos. Ya que la raz puede definirse en base a la VLAN, puede haber algunos puertos
que bloqueen una VLAN y que enven a otra. Esto se demuestra debajo.
vlan
vlan
vlan
vlan
1 priority 4096
10 priority 4096
20 priority 4096
30 priority 4096
D un tiempo a los switches para recalcular el spanning tree y luego verifique el rbol para VLAN 99 en
el switch S1 y el switch S3.
S1#show spanning-tree vlan 99
VLAN0099
Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
Root ID
Priority
4195
Address
001b.5303.1700
Ahora sta es la direccin MAC de S3
(el nuevo switch raz)
Cost
19
Port
3 (FastEthernet0/1)
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Bridge ID
Priority
32867 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 99)
Address
0019.068d.6980
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 11 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
Interface
---------------Fa0/1
Fa0/2
Fa0/3
Fa0/4
Role
---Root
Altn
Desg
Desg
Sts
--FWD
BLK
FWD
FWD
Cost
--------19
19
19
19
Prio.Nbr
-------128.3
128.4
128,5
128,6
Type
-------------------------------P2p
P2p
P2p
P2p
Priority
4195 (priority 4096 sys-id-ext 99)
Address
001b.5303.1700
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300
Interface
---------------Fa0/1
Fa0/2
Fa0/3
Fa0/4
Role
---Desg
Desg
Desg
Desg
Sts
--FWD
FWD
FWD
FWD
Cost
--------19
19
19
19
Prio.Nbr
-------128,1
128,2
128.3
128,4
Type
-------------------------------P2p
P2p
P2p
P2p
Priority
32778 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 10)
Address
001b.5303.1700
Hello Time
2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec
Aging Time 300
Interface
---------------Fa0/1
Fa0/2
Fa0/3
Fa0/4
Role
---Root
Altn
Altn
Altn
Sts
--FWD
BLK
BLK
BLK
Cost
--------19
19
19
19
Prio.Nbr
-------128,1
128,2
128,3
128.4
Type
-------------------------------P2p
P2p
P2p
P2p
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 12 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
Observe que S3 puede ahora usar los cuatro puertos para el trfico de la VLAN 99 siempre y cuando no
estn bloqueados al otro extremo del enlace troncal. No obstante, la topologa original del spanning tree,
con tres de cuatro puertos de S3 en el modo de bloqueo, todava est instalada para las otras cuatro
VLAN activas. Al configurar grupos de VLAN para usar diversos enlaces troncales como la ruta primaria
de envo, mantenemos la redundancia de los enlaces troncales contra fallas, sin tener que dejar enlaces
troncales totalmente sin usar.
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 13 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
6d08h:
6d08h:
6d08h:
6d08h:
STP:
STP:
STP:
STP:
VLAN0099
VLAN0099
VLAN0099
VLAN0001
Recuerde que cuando los puertos estn en modo escuchar y aprender, no estn enviando tramas, y la
LAN est esencialmente desactivada. El reclculo del spanning tree puede tomar hasta 50 segundos
para completarse, una interrupcin significativa en los servicios de red. El resultado de los ping continuos
muestra el tiempo real de interrupcin. En este caso fue de aproximadamente 30 segundos. Aunque
el STP 802.1D impide la formacin de bucles de conmutacin, este largo tiempo de restauracin es
considerado una seria desventaja en las LAN de alta disponibilidad de la actualidad.
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 14 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
Configuraciones finales
Switch S1
hostname S1
!
enable secret class
!
no ip domain-lookup
!
spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
spanning-tree extend system-id
spanning-tree vlan 1 priority 4096
spanning-tree vlan 10 priority 4096
spanning-tree vlan 20 priority 4096
spanning-tree vlan 30 priority 4096
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
switchport trunk native vlan 99
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
switchport trunk native vlan 99
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
switchport trunk native vlan 99
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
switchport trunk native vlan 99
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 15 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
99
99
99
99
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 16 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 17 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 18 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
line con 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
login
line vty 5 15
password cisco
login
!
end
Switch S3
hostname S3
!
enable secret class
!
no ip domain-lookup
!
spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
spanning-tree extend system-id
spanning-tree vlan 99 priority 4096
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
switchport trunk native vlan 99
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
switchport trunk native vlan 99
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
switchport trunk native vlan 99
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
switchport trunk native vlan 99
switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/5
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/6
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet0/7
shutdown
!
(se omite la configuracin del puerto restante los puertos sin uso estn
desactivados)
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
no ip route-cache
shutdown
!
interface Vlan1
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 19 de 20
CCNA Exploration
Conmutacin y conexin inalmbrica de LAN: STP
All contents are Copyright 1992-2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information.
Pgina 20 de 20