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twGJ 4– trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif

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*************************************************************************** **** ********************************** ****
azaz:0g&Dv (25) 2010 ckeSpf 2 February ,25 ,2010
twGJ 4– trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif
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*************************************************************************** **** ********************************** ****
azaz:0g&Dv (25) 2010 ckeSpf 3 February ,25 ,2010
twGJ 4– trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif
****************************************************************************************************************
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*************************************************************************** **** ********************************** ****


azaz:0g&Dv (25) 2010 ckeSpf 4 February ,25 ,2010
twGJ 4– trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif
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*************************************************************************** **** ********************************** ****
azaz:0g&Dv (25) 2010 ckeSpf 5 February ,25 ,2010
twGJ 4– trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif
****************************************************************************************************************
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vSsif –vGwfvyfa&;vnf; ig;yg; arSmufrnfukd okd@aomfwm0efrS tem;,lcJhjyDjzpfaom OUX }uD;
odojzifh jynfyokd@wdrf;a&SmifjyD; -PDP-[laom twGuf – PDP-u wm0efra}ucJhonf tcsuf
tzGJ@ tpnf;}uD;w&yfwnfaxmifum 'kwd, w&yf usef&Sdaeayonf/ xkdwm0efum; OUX}uD;
t}udrf vGwfvyfa&; qufvuf}uKd;yef;cJhykH- uJhokd@yif jynfol@tusKd;xrf;&GufjyD;ukokdvftrSK
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okd@aomfvnf;vkd&m qürajrmufcJhbJ/ tus,f 'kwd, t}udrfvGwfvyfa&;&jyD;rS -
csKyf qkom &cJhykH Tonfum; OUX }uD;OD;Ek qkd trSsa0yg&ap vkd@---?
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uGsEkfyf wkd@- PDP-tzGJ@0ifrsm;


onf/ OUX }uD;. &nf&G,fcsuf -arSsmfrsef;csuf
OD;wnfcsufrsm; twkdif;qufvufaqmif&Guf
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atmifqef; ESifh OUX }uD;wkd@ tepfemcH}uKd;yef; GHQ (Liberated Area)
ay;cJhaom jrefrmeKdifiH. yxr –t}udrfvGwf E-mail: pdp_office@yahoo.com,
vyfa&;}uD;onf ppfbdeyfatmufwGif aysmuf Webpage: www.pdpburma.net
uG,fcJhonf rSm ESpfaygif;-50-eD;yg;&SdcJhajcjyD?
xkda}umifhppfbdeyf atmufwGif
epfjrKyfaeaom vGwfvyfa&; tyifi,fopf xyf
*************************************************************************** **** ********************************** ****
azaz:0g&Dv (25) 2010 ckeSpf 6 February ,25 ,2010
twGJ 4– trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif
****************************************************************************************************************
,ciftygwfrStquf xkdaomtajctaewGiftkyfcsKyfa&;tm%mxuf
bmoma&;tm%mu ykdI }oZm}uD;vmojzifh
tajccH eKdifiHa&;ynm bmoma&;ykdif;rS yk~Kdvfonf bk&m;ocif. tzGJ@
b}uD;rSKH -&SmazGwifjyonf? tpnf;jzpfojzifhrnfolwOD;wa,mufrSbmom
jyD;cJhaom tygwfwGif tawG;tac: ynm&Sif a&;pnf;urf;csufukd aomf4if; bmoma&;ykdif;rS
}uD;wOD;jzpfcJhaom – SAINT AUGUSTINE-. omoemh0efxrf;ukd aomf4if;apmfum;armfum;
tawG;tac: ta}umif; az:jycJhjyD;jzpfI ,ck jyKvkyfI r&ay?
tygwfwGif- SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS- (2) 'Drkdua&pD tkyfcsKyfa&; pHepfukd
.-THOMISM- ukd qufvufaz:jyygrnf? vufrcH/ okd@aomfbk&iftkyfcsKyfa&;pHepfukd vQH
SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS -onf jyD;-tkyfcsKyfa&; tarGtESpf vufqifhurf; onf
c&mZfoU&mZf -1225- 12&4-wGif ay:xGef; ukd rl vufrcHay/ bk&ifrif;wyg; tkyfcsKyfa&;
cJhaom yk~Kdvf}uD;jzpfonf/ xkdyk~Kdvf}uD;onf oufwef; ukefvSsif tjcm;wpkH wOD;ukd jynfol
SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS - [laompmtkyf vlxkrS a&G;jc,fjyD; tkyfcsKyfap&efukdom tm;ay;
ESifh RULE OF THE PRINCE- [laom pmtkyf cJhonf/ ,ckacwfwGif oRw tkyfcsKyfaom pHepf
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tawG;tac:rsm;onfxkdtcsdefutxl;ausmf onf eKdifiHa&;ygwDtrsm;pk wnfaxmifrSKukd
}um;cJhaom tawG;tac:rsm;jzpfcJhonf/ t"du vufrcHjcif;rSm 'Drkdua&pDpHepfonf eKdifiHa&;
vrf;n$efrSKrSm tkyfcsKyfa&;ukd bmoma&;u ygwDtrsm;pk wnfaxmifrSKukd cGifhjyKaoma}umifh
OD;aqmifaom tawG;tac:jzpfonf/ tawG;tac:trsKd;rsKd;-tkyfpktrsKd;rsKd;ay:wwfjyD;
xkda}umifh SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS- eKdifiH. pnf;vkH;nDnGwfrSKukd ysufjym;aponf[k
. tawG;tac:rsm;rS t"du tcsufrsm;ukd t,l&Sdaoma}umifhyifjzpfonf/ tpkd;&[lonf
aumufESKwf wifjy&aomf/ -- xkdokd@wnDwnGwfwnf;&Sda&;rSm ,kH}unfcsuf
(1) tpkd;& okd@r[kwf tkyfcsKyfa&;ykdif;onf c&pf OD;wnfcsuf- cH,lcsuf- eD;pyfwlnD&rnfjzpfjyD;
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wnf&rnfjzpfonf/ okd@r[kwf bk&m;ocif. onfomjzpfonf/
tvkdawmftwkdif;aexkdif usifh}uH&rnf [kqkdvkd (3) jynfolvlxkonf tkyfcsKyfol. vrf;n$$ef&m
jcif;jzpfayonf/ xkda}umifh jynfolvlxk tm;vkH; ukdom vkdufem&rnf/ SAINT THOMAS
onf/ c&pf,efbmomukd ouf0if,kH}unf&rnf/ AQUINAS- qkdn$ef;aom bk&ifpHepf tkyfcsKyf
jzpfonf/ jynfolvlxktm;vkH; bk&m;ocif.t a&;qkdonfrSm tkyfcsKyfol bk&ifrif;jrwfukd,f
vkdawmftwkdif; aexkdif}uaomtcg tpkd;&.t wkdifu bk&m;ocif. tvkdawmftwkdif;jynf
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ukd txl;av;pm;vkdufem&rnfjzpfonf / xkdif&rnfjzpfonf/ okd@rSomvSsif-jrefrmpum;
ykHw&yfjzpfaom –a&S@aqmifeGm;vm; ajzmifh
*************************************************************************** **** ********************************** ****
azaz:0g&Dv (25) 2010 ckeSpf 7 February ,25 ,2010
twGJ 4– trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif
****************************************************************************************************************
ajzmifhoGm;u – aemufeGm;pOfpkduf ajzmifhajzmifh jcif;tm;jzifh tkyfcsKyfa&;ykdif;wGif bk&ifpHepfrsm;
vkduf.-[louJhokd@jzpfonf/ xkda}umifh bk&ifrif; jyefvnfzG@HjzKd;vmcJHhonf/
jrwfonf bk&m;ocif. tvkdawmftwkdif; xkdumvykdif;rsm;wGif od`HESifh tEkynm
vkdufemusifh}uHygu jynfolvlxkonf bk&ifrif; rsm;xGef;um;chJH&m od`H onf obm0. trSef
jrwf. trdef@tm%mukd vufcH}urnfjzpfonf/ w&m;ukd tajz&SmjyD; vlom;0g'okd@ OD;wnfcJh
tu,fI bk&m;ocif . tvkdawmfukd vufrcH onf/ xkda}umifh tEkynmykdif;wGifvnf; bk&m;
azgufjyefaom tusifhukd usifh&kHru jynfolvl ociftwGuf rSonf vlom;rsm;twGuf[k
xktay: &ufpuf}urf;}uKwfaom rif;rsm;ay: toGifajymif;cJhonf/
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vrf;rSm bk&m;ocifxH toem;cHI qkawmif; &Sm;aom jyKjyifajymif;vJrSK tcsuf -&-csufawG@
yWem jyKjcif;ukdom aqmif&Guf&rnf[k - &SdcJh &onf/
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ayonf/ xkda}umifh- SAINT AUGUSTINE- tac:a[mif;rsm; "avhxkH;pHa[mif;rsm;
ESifh- SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS- wkd@onf/ ,kH}unf csufta[mif;rsm; ae&mwGif topf
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ac:tarSmifacwfukd jzKdcGif;eKdifcJhonfrSm bmom n$efay;olrsm;tjzpf a&S@wef;rS yg0ifvmcJh}u
a&;ykdif;acgif;aqmifrsm;a}umifhom jzpfayonf? onf/ xkda}umifhwcsdefu tppt&m&m aom
xkda}umifh SAINT AUGUSTINE-ESifh vlom;rsm;. ,kH}unfcsufukd bk&m;ocif tay:
SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS- wkd@. tawG; rSDckdtm;xm;I c&pf,ef *kd%f;rsm;. avmif;&dyfrd
tac:rsm;onf –MIDDLE EAGES-ac: tv,f aecJh&mrS od`H ynm&Sifwkd@. avhvmawG@&SdrSKrsm;
acwf wavSsmufvkH; tcsdef}umjrifhpGmwnfwef@cJh&jcif; u 4if;avmif;&dyf rdaecJh&mrS vGwfajrmufapcJh
jzpfayonf/ rnfokd@yifjzpfap jy±em[lonf vl[lI jcif;jzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh vlom;rsm;.
ay:aygufvmuwnf;u ygvmojzifh-bmoma&;ESifh wkd;wufajymif;vJrSKonf/ pdwful;,Of ,kH}unf
-tkyfcsKyfa&;ykdif;wkd@onf/ tjrJ,SOfjyKdifae}upjrJ yif
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xkdtcsufonf tkyfcsKyfa&;ykdif;rS yk~Kdvfrsm;tm; oNg (2) bmom w&m;avmif;&dyfrdae}uojzifh bm
}unfnkdrSK ysufapjcif;ukd jzpfay:apcJhayonf? omw&m;tawG;tac:abmifukd od`Hynm&Sif
xkda}umifh –RENAISSANCE-ac: rsm; ausmfvGef&ef}uKd;pm;cJh}u&mrS obm0
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;acwfwGif bmoma&;ykdif;rS ed,mr w&m;t&if;tjrpfrsm; awG@&SdvmcJh}u
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*************************************************************************** **** ********************************** ****
azaz:0g&Dv (25) 2010 ckeSpf 8 February ,25 ,2010
twGJ 4– trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif
****************************************************************************************************************
a0;vHaom c&D;oGm;wwfvm}uykH- xkdtopf taemuftkyfpk ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;tqifh
tqef;awG@&Sdcsufrsm;tay:tajccHI vlom;wkd@. txd wkd;wufzGHhjzKd;vmcJhonf?
todnm%fwGif &SmazGpGef@pm;vkdpdwf-wnfxGif (5) RENAISSANCE-acwfwGifta&mif;t0,f
prf;owfvkdpdwfrsm; ukdjrSifhwifay;vmjcif;/ tqkH; udPrsm;xGef;um;vmcJhjcif;ESifhtwl-ukefyPnf;
owftm;jzifh qkd&aomf bk&m;ocifay;aom zvS,faom acwfukdausmfvGefvmcJhjyD; 0WK
pdwfxuf vlom;rsm;. ukd,fykdifpdwfu ykdI tm; yPnf;tm;wefbkd; owfrSwfaom tqifhokd@
}uD;vmonf [k qkdvkdjcif;jzpfonf? a&mufvmcJhonf/ xkda}umifhuBmwGif wefbkd;
(3) SAINT AUGUSTINE -acwfrSpcJhaom &Sdaom oWKrsm;onf wefbkd;owfrSwf&mwGif
c&pf,ef bmom xGef;um;us,fjyef@ vmjcif; ta&;ygvmojzifh- a&$ESifhaiG-onf ta&mif;
onf- DARK AGE-ac: tarSmifacwfatmuf t0,fwGif w efbkd;owfrSwfeKdifaom oWKrsm;
rS vlom;rsm;ukd tvif;a&mifay;I OD;aqmif jzpfvm}uonf/ xkdrSwqifhwufI 4if;-a&$-aiG
vmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ okd@aomf c&pf,efbmom oWKrsm;ukd tokH;vG,f-ta&twGufvG,f-
xGef;um;cJhjcif;r[kwfbJ eKdifiHtkyfcsKyfa&;ykdif;wGif tav;csdefowfrSwfvG,faom tqifhokd@ykHoGif;
yg }oZmv$rf;rkd;vmcJhojzifh vl@obm0 twkdif; cJh}u&mrS xkwfvkyfoleKdifiHESifh xkdeKdifiH. tkyfcsKyf
yifvl@udavom EGHwGif jyefI epf}u&jyefonf/ a&;ykdif;rS tjrifhqkH;yk~Kdvfrsm;. &kyfyHkhv$mrsm;ukdyg
qkdvkd&if;rSm xkd- MIDDLE AGE- acwfumv xyfrHjznfhpGwfay;jcif;tm;jzifh ckdifrmaom tmr
rsm;wGif c&pf,efbkef;awmf}uD;rsm; OPm"e ayg cH rSKukdyg xyffrHjznfhpGwfay;jcif;jzifh ckdifrmaom
}uG,f0vmjcif;/ eKdifiHa&;wGif }oZmtm%m}uD; tmrcHrSKukd ay;eKdifonfhtqifhrSD wefbkd;jzwf
rm; vmjcif;xkda}umifh tusifhpm&dW ykdif;qkdif&m }ud,mtojym tjzpfay:aygufvmcJh}u&onf/
wGif csKd@,Gif;vm}ujcif; jzpfvm}ujcif;jzpfonf/ rnfokd@yifjzpfap vlom;onf
xkda}umifh bmoma&; t,ltqrsm;vuf aumufuspfpOf;vJ aom pdwfarG;&myg&Sdojzifh
atmufrS od`Hynm&Sifrsm; abmifausmfxGufcJh ul;oef;a&mif;0,frSKwGif rrSefuefrSKrsm;-
}ujcif;ESifh twl bmoma&;ykdif;rS oNgw&m; vdrfvnfrSKrsm; - tp&Sdonftm;jzifhtajccH
avSsmhyg;vmjcif;rsm; yl;wGJay:aygufvmcJhonf/ jy±emrsm; ay:aygufvmcJh&jyefonf/ xkdjy±
xkda}umifh bmoma&;tm; jyefvnfjyKjyifa&; emajz&Sif;a&;. t}urf;rzufaom qkH;jzwfcsuf
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a&;*kd%f;}uD; -2-*kd%f;-ROMAN CATHOLIC- csay;eKdifapa&;rSm –Oya'- [laom tqkH;
ESifhFH- PROTESTANT-[lI uGJxGufoGm;cJh}u tjzwf }ud,may:cJh&onf?
avonf/ (6) vlom;rsm;onf trSefwu,ftm;jzifh
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cJhaom a}umifh yifv,fjyif twGif; c&D;rkdifaygif; aom usifhxkH;rsm; -"avhrsm;-tqkH;trrsm;
rsm;pGmukd twdrf;tapmif;r&Sd oGm;vmeKdifcJh}u &Sdjyefaomtcg 4if;bmoma&;rsm;onfyif
onf/ xkda}umifh ae&ma'owckESifhwck –eKdifiH vlom;tcsif;jcif; &efol tjzpfokd@owfrSwf
weKdifiHESifhweKdifiH-vlrsKd;wrsKd;ESifhwrsKd;-aygif;ul; wkdufckdufowfjzwf&efta}umif;w&m;w&yf
qufoG,fvmeKdifcJh}ujcif;ESifh twl wOD;.,Of jzpfvmcJhayonf/ xkda}umifhvnf; c&pf,ef
aus;rSK ukdwOD; od&Sdem;vnfcGifhvnf;&vmapcJh bmom 0ifrsm;ESifh rlqvifbmom0ifrsm;
onf/ xkdtcsdeftcgrsm;rS pI ta&S@tkyfpkESifh wkdufckduf}uaom –CRUSADES- ppfyGJ}uD;rsm;
*************************************************************************** **** ********************************** ****
azaz:0g&Dv (25) 2010 ckeSpf 9 February ,25 ,2010
twGJ 4– trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif
****************************************************************************************************************
rSm –FIRST CRUSADE-ac:yxr ppfyGJtm; bmom&SdcJh&m yD;cJhaomtygwfrsm;wGif-10-bm
1095 –ckESpfrS pI jzpfyGg;cJh&m –CRUSADES- omukd wifjyay;c@JHjyD; jzpfygonf/
ppfyGJ}uD;aygif;-8-}udrfwkdif jzpfcJhjyD; -1291-ckESpf
wGifrS tqkH;owfoGm;cJh}uayonf? okd@aomfvnf; bmoma&;qkdif&m ynm
(7) MIDDLE AGE- acwfrS ay:xGef;cJhaom &yfrsm;ukd wwf}uGrf;em;vnf vGef;I wifjy ae
FEUDALISM- ac: uHa}uG;cs pHepfonf – jcif;r[kwfyg/ uGsEkfyf. &nf&G,fcsufrSm pmzwfol
RENAISSANCE-acwfac: jyefvnfxlaxmif
rsm;A[kokw wkd;yGg;apa&;twGufom&SmazGwif
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a&;ykdif; rS tay: pD; csKyfukdifrSK pHepfvnf;jyKjyif rSm usaemfuJhokd@yif Ak< bk&m;ociftm;,kH}unf
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tm%mrJh jzpfum bk&ifrif;jrwfrsm; wHckd;xGm; rsm;ukd wifjy&awmhrnfjzpfygonf?
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oGif/ okd@ajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/ om0ifwkdif; Ak<bmom ta}umif;em;vnf}u
rnfokd@yif jzpfap xkd – RENAISSANCE- onf [k qkdvkdjcif;jzpfonf/ xkd@a}umifh,ck us
acwfwGif xif&Sm;aom eKdifiHa&;tawG;tac: ynm&Sif aemf&SmazGwifjyjcif; tay: “rdausmif;rif; -
3-OD;ay:xGef;cJhonfrSm – NICCOLO
a&uif;jy” qkdovkd jzpfoGm;rnf/ukd txl;pkd;&drf
MACHIAVELLI-MARTIN LUTHER –JEAN
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*************************************************************************** **** ********************************** ****
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****************************************************************************************************************
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*************************************************************************** **** ********************************** ****
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****************************************************************************************************************
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*************************************************************************** **** ********************************** ****
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****************************************************************************************************************
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*************************************************************************** **** ********************************** ****
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Date: 5th February, 2010.

MORE MINORITIES JOIN THE PDP IN JANUARY 2010

In  early  January  2010,  the  PDP  members  celebrated  the  62nd  Anniversary  of  Independence  Day. 
Although  they  enjoyed  celebrating,  deep  inside  of  their  minds  were  sad,  as  Burma  lost  its 
Independence for the second time under the military regime, where the army led by General Ne Win 
made a coup d'etat on 2nd March 1962. It is a hell for all the freedom loving people of Burma, to live 
under the murderous military rulers and, they want to be freed from that enslavement as soon as 
possible. 

The struggle against the military rule started soon after the army leaders took power by force and, 
the PDP (Parliamentary Democracy Party) was the earliest party, which opposed the military regime 
by engaging in armed resistance guerrilla movement along the Thai‐Burma border, since 1970. 

The PDP believes in democracy, freedom of expression, freedom of movement, Human Rights, equal 
opportunity  and  equal  treatment  for  business  and  political  offices,  for  every  citizens  of  Burma, 
underpinned by the Rule of Law. At the same time, the PDP has the distinguished political anthem – 
"One Country, One Nation – One People, One Vision", which has strong appeal to all fellow citizens, 
who are patriots, as they all know that, under this political anthem, Burma will become united as one 
strong nation. Since the rule of law is the major force, which will tie and link with all the communities 
to give peace, security, and harmony, all members of the PDP are happy and confident that, they will 
be  able  to  rebuild  the  country,  by  working  together  under  the  leadership  of  the  PDP,  to  become 
prosperous and successful country in the South East Asian region, once again.  

Since the PDP's aim and objective is so favourable for every citizen of Burma, those minorities living 
along  the  liberated  areas  joined  it,  based  on  individual  participation,  with  the  intention  of 
***************************************************************************
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D (25) 2010 ckeSpf 14 February ,25 2010
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***************************************************************************

expellingmilitary regime from power. Especially hundreds of Mon, Karen, and Khami joined the PDP 
just in January 2010, alone. 

In the same month, the PDP leaders met Khine Soe Naing Aung, the Vice Chairman of the NCUB, and 
Mr.Baw Sar, one of the muslin leaders, in the liberated areas, and cordially exchanged their political 
views. 

Information Department
Parliamentary Democracy Party (Burma)
GHQ (Liberated Area)
E‐mail: pdp_office@yahoo.com,
Web page: www.pdpburma.net,
 

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***************************************************************************
azaz:0g&v
D (25) 2010 ckeSpf 15 February ,25 2010
twGJ 4– trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif
***************************************************************************

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XmecsKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr)
E‐mail: pdp_office@yahoo.com,
Web page: www.pdpburma.net,
THE FOLLOWING PICTURES WERE TAKEN DURING THE MEETING WITH THE LEADERS AND 
REPRESENTATIVES OF THE MINORITY GROUPS IN JANUARY 2010
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With the leaders and representatives of Karen Youth and Mon


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***************************************************************************
azaz:0g&v
D (25) 2010 ckeSpf 16 February ,25 2010
twGJ 4– trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif
***************************************************************************

With the Khami leader, who is sitting at the right side of Bo Aung Din
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With leaders and representatives of Mon
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With U Baw Sar, Muslim leader, and his representative
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***************************************************************************
azaz:0g&v
D (25) 2010 ckeSpf 17 February ,25 2010
twGJ 4– trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif
***************************************************************************

With Khine Soe Naing Aung, second from the left, and the PDP leaders
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***************************************************************************
azaz:0g&v
D (25) 2010 ckeSpf 18 February ,25 2010
twGJ 4– trSwfpOf 5 ygvDref'Drkdua&pDygwD owif;pmapmif
***************************************************************************

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***************************************************************************
azaz:0g&v
D (25) 2010 ckeSpf 19 February ,25 2010
Bulletin

twGJ 4?trSwf 5 / 25 azaz:0g&Dv2010 ckeSpf?

yD'DyD ZkH(9) rS wykd@wGJvjynfh xreJxkd;yGJ

www.pdpburma.net

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