INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH

www.niosh.com.my

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

Site Safety Supervisor

Competency Course

Part VI (E) Occupational Safety

Piling Work Safety
1

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

Introduction

Building and any other structures are carrying
dead loads and imposed loads.

Those loads are distributed to the ground;
due to their characteristics not all grounds
have the capacity to support the loads.

Strong foundations are required to ensure the
building or structure stability.
2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved. No part of this document shall be reproduced
without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

Introduction

Types of foundations:
- Shallow foundation pad footing.
- Deep foundation piles with pile caps.

2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved. No part of this document shall be reproduced
without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

Introduction

Piles are used as one of the options to transfer
the structure loads to stable ground.

Classification of pile:
- Friction pile load bearing derived from skin
friction.
- End bearing pile load bearing derived from
bottom.
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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

Introduction
Types of Pile

Pre-Cast RC Piles

Spun Piles

Steel H-Piles

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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

Introduction
Types of Pile

Bored Piles

Micropiles

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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

Introduction
Piling Activities

Pile Driving/ Installation

Load Test

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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

Introduction
Piling Method

Diesel Drop
Hammer

Hydraulic
Drop Hammer

Jacked-In

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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

Cast In-Situ

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

Typical Hazards

Lifting hazards - overhead loads,
swinging objects, rigging, loss of
loads, etc.

Ergonomics - manual handling,
noise and vibration hazards.

Moving plant - collapse, run
down other workers, etc.
2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved. No part of this document shall be reproduced
without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

Typical Hazards

Collapse of load test kentledge - crushing
hazards.

Overhead & underground services.

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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

10

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

General Control Measures

Selection of Equipment

The locality of the work site.

Noise.

Vibration.

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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

11

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

General Control Measures

Pre-Inspection

Valid certificate of fitness and operated by
competent operator.

Sufficient capacity to handle load.

Boom on the crane long enough to handle
maximum length of pile.

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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

12

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

General Control Measures

Pre-Inspection

All lifting equipment such as
wire ropes, grips, etc. in
good working conditions.

Digger mat provided in the
event of working on soft soil
to prevent collapse of pile
driving equipment or crane.
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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

13

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

General Control Measures

Pre-Inspection

Ladder extended from the bottom of the leads to
the overhead sheaves are attached to the
structure supporting the lead.

Working platform on level of the lead and
provided with safety railings and toe-boards.

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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

14

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

General Control Measures

Pre-Inspection

Piling crews are provided with suitable and
adequate PPE.

Locate all utilities in and near work site.

Check conditions of adjacent building or
structures.
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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

15

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

General Control Measures

Pile Driving

Supervise by competent designated person.

Pile driver equipment and crane are park in
areas that provide safe entrance and exit of
the work area.

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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

16

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

General Control Measures

Pile Driving

Wear appropriate PPE consistent with the
hazard.

Only one person designated to communicate
with the crane operator.

Avoid walking and working under suspended
loads.
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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

17

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

General Control Measures

Pile Driving

Be aware of pinch points and
crushing hazards.

Never lift pile at points other than
designated lifting points.

Proper lifting techniques shall be
used; get help or use equipment if
necessary.
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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

18

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

General Control Measures

Pile Driving

Be aware of loose materials, excavation dropoff, tripping hazards and other obstructions.

Never

left

working

pile

driving

equipment

unattended.

Always check vertically of piles being driven.
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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

19

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

General Control Measures

Pile Driving

Connecting of piles by welding
should

comply

with

specification.

Hammer

of

pile

driving

equipment not in used should

be chocked or blocked in leads
or lowered to the ground.
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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

20

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

General Control Measures

Pile Driving

Dispose of salvage materials properly.

Use gloves and long sleeves when handling
treated timber, sheet piles or steel piles
practise good housekeeping.

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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

21

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

General Control Measures

Load Test

Supervise

by

competent

designated person.

Approved

method

of

statement.

Check and ensure stability
of loads.
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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

22

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

General Control Measures

Load Test

Work area is gazetted as prohibited area for
other workers.

Only authorised personnel takes the gauge
reading.

He/she move out as soon as possible after
taking the readings.
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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

23

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

Summary

Piling is part of the foundation work for an
intended structure.

Generally it involves with heavy lifting, pile
driving and load test.

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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

24

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

Summary

The work is to be carried out by experienced
workers

and

supervised

by

competent

designated person.

Work area is to be gazetted as prohibited
area to other workers.

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without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

25

INSTITUT KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN NEGARA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
www.niosh.com.my

2014 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved. No part of this document shall be reproduced
without written consent of NIOSH Malaysia.

26