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Memahkotai system
2.
3.
Pernyataan-pernyataan umum yang memuat hubungan teratur antara
fakta atau gejala
4. Berfungsi untuk member eksplanasi, prediksi dan pemahaman terhadap
berbagai fakta atau gejala.
Mengenai definisi teori hokum, belum adanya satu definisi yang baku.
Banyak pendapat para ahli mengenai disiplin teori hokum, antara lain:
1.
Hans Kelsen
Friedman
3.
Ian Mc Leod
4.
John Finch
Bruggink
a.
b.
c.
Dari penjelasan di atas, Lili Rasjidi dan Ira Thania Rashidi mencoba
membedakan antara teori hukum dengan filsafat hukum. Teori hukum adalah
ilmu yang mempelajari pengetian-pengertian pokok dan sistem dari hukum.
Pengertian-pengertian pokok seperti itu misalnya subjek hukum, perbuatan
hukum, dan lain-lain yang memiliki pengertian yang bersifat umum dan
teknis. Pengertian-pengertian pokok ini sangat penting supaya dapat
memahami sistem hukum pada umumnya maupun pada sistem hukum
positif.
Selanjutnya Lili Rasjidi dan Ira Thania menjelaskan bahwa teori hukum
merefleksikan objek dan metode dari berbagai bentuk ilmu hukum. Terdapat
dua pandangan besar mengenai teori hukum yang bertolak belakang namun
ada dalam satu realitas, seperti ungkapan gambaran sebuah mata uang
yang memiliki dua belah bagian yang berbeda. Pertama, pandangan yang
didukung oleh tiga argumen yaitu pandangna bahwa hokum sebagai suatu
sistem yang pada prinsipnya dapat diprediksi dari pengetahuan yang akurat
tentang kondis sistem itu sekarang, perilaku sistem ditentukan oleh bagianbagian yang terkecil dari sistem itu dan teori hukum mampu menjelaskan
persoalannya sebagaimana adanya tanpa berkaitan dengan orang
(pengamat). Hal ini membawa kita kepada pandangan bahwa teori hukum itu
deterministik, reduksionis, dan realistik. Kedua, pandangan yang
menyatakan bahwa hukum bukanlah sebagai suatu sistem yang teratur
tetap merupakan sebagai sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan ketidakberatuan,
tidak dapat diramalkan, dan bahwa hukum sangat dipengaruhi oleh [ersepsi
orang (pengamat) dalam memaknai hukum tersebut. Pandangan ini banyak
dikemukakan oleh mereka yang beraliran sosiologis dan post-modernis,
dimana mereka memandang bahwa pada setiap waktu mengalami
perubahan, baik kecil maupun yang besar, evolutif maupun revolusioner.
Teori hukum tidak hanya menjelaskan apa itu hukum sampai kepada
hal-hal yang konkret, tetapi juga pada persoalan yang mendasar dri hukum
itu. Seperti yang dikatakan Radbruch, yang dikutip Satjipto Rahardjo, tugas
teori hukum adalah membuat jelas nilai-nilai oleh postulat-postulat hukum
sampai kepada penjelasan filosofis yang tertinggi. Teori hukum akan
mempertanyakan hal-hal seperti: mengapa hukum berlaku, apa dasar
kekuatan yang mengikatnya, apa yang menjadi tujuan hukum, bagaimana
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Berbicara hokum dari perspektif yang tidak teknis yuridis dengan
bahasa yang tidak teknis yuridis pula
about the place of the academics from the discipline of legal theory with
legal philosophy, jurisprudence, legal normative and positive law. There
equalize the legal philosophy with legal theory. According to Imre Lakatos,
theory is the result of thinking that will not disappear and go away when the
other theory is basically diversity in a study . The theory here contains :
1.Crowns system
2. Consists of legal-scientific laws
3. The general statements that contain regular relationship between facts or
symptoms
4. Serves to members of explanation, prediction and understanding of the
facts or symptoms
Regarding the definition of the theory of law, the absence of a standard
definition. Many expert opinion regarding the discipline of legal theory,
among others:
1. Hans Kelsen
Legal theory is science mnegenai applicable law is not the law that is
supposed to be. Legal theory in question is purely legal theory, called the
theory of positive law. Pure legal theory, makdusnya because he simply
explains the law and seek to cleanse the object description of all the things
that are not relevant to the law. As a theory, he explains what it is the law,
and how it is there.
2. Friedman
Legal theory is the science that studies the essence of the law relating to the
philosophy of law on the one hand and political theory on the other side.
discipline theory of law does not get a place as an independent science, the
discipline of legal theory should get a place in the disciplines of law
independently.
3. Ian Mc Leod
Is a legal theory that leads to a systematic theoretical analysis of the
properties of the basic law, the rules of law or legal institutions in general.
4. John Finch
Legal theory is the study covering the essential characteristics of the laws
and customs that are common in sutau legal system that aims to analyze the
elements that make it a legal basis and distinguish it from other regulations.
5. January Gijssels and Mark van Hocke
Legal theory is that explicative science or explain the law. Legal theory is
self-discipline which influenced its development and is strongly associated
with the common law doctrine. They believe that there is continuity between
the Common Law Doctrine in the following two aspects.
Legal theory as a continuation of Public Law Aaran self discipline has an
object, among dogmatic law on the one hand and the philosophy of law on
the other. Today the theory of law is recognized as a third discipline in
addition to complete legal philosophy and dogmatic law, each have an area
and its own values.
Legal theory is seen as a science-free normative value, which
differentiates it from other disciplines.
6. Bruggink
Legal theory all statements that are interrelated with the conceptual system
of law and the rules of law and the decisions of the system's most important
dipositifkan. This notion has a double meaning, namely the definition of
theory as products and processes.
There is another saying that the legal theory is a theory about human
orderly, because he gives an answer about what the different legal basis for
orderly steategik himself, that characterizes legal theory.
With regard to the opinion of experts, the formulation of the discipline of law
theory is as follows :
a. The same legal theory understanding the philosophy of law;
b. Legal theory is different than the philosophy of law;
c. Legal theory is synonymous with the science of law.
From the above, Lili Rasjidi and Ira Thania Rashidi tried to distinguish
between legal theory with legal philosophy. Legal theory is the study of basic
and pengetian-understanding of the legal system. Basic notions such as that
for example the subject of law, legal acts, and others who have common
sense and technical nature. Notions of this subject is very important in order
to understand the legal system in general and the positive legal system.
Furthermore Lili Rasjidi and Ira Thania explained that the object reflects the
legal theory and methods of various forms of jurisprudence. There are two
major views on the legal theory of opposites, but there are in one reality,
such as the expression of an idea of a currency that has two sides of different
parts. First, a view supported by three arguments, namely pandangna that
law as a system which in principle can be predicted from accurate knowledge
of the circumstances of the present system, the behavior of the system is
determined by the smallest parts of the system and legal theory is able to
explain the problem as their without regard to the person (observer). This
brings us to the view that the legal theory deterministic, reductionist, and
realistic. Second, the view that the law is not as an orderly system remains
as something related to ketidakberatuan, unpredictable, and that the law is
strongly influenced by [ersepsi person (observer) within the meaning of the
law. This view was expressed by those who wing sociological and postmodernists, where they perceive that at any time to change, both small and
great, evolutionary and revolutionary.
Legal theory not only explains what it was legal up to the things that are
concrete, but also on the fundamental issues of law dri it. As Radbruch, cited
Satjipto Rahardjo, the task is to make clear the legal theory of values by the
postulates of law to the highest philosophical explanation. Legal theory
would question such things as: why the law applies, what is the basic
strength of the tie, what is the purpose of the law, how the law is
understood, what to do with the individual to society, what should be done
by law, what justice is, and how the law fair. Legal theory is a continuation of
the effort to study the positive law. Legal theory uses positive law as a
subject of study with the philosophical study as one means to help explain
the law. Legal theory has been studied since ancient times, the Greek and
Roman jurists. Before the nineteenth century, the theory of law is the most
important byproduct of the philosophy of religion, ethics or politics. Experts
think the biggest law originally was philosophers, theologians, political
scientists. The most important changes in the legal philosophy of the
philosopher or political scientist to the philosophy of law from legal experts,
then occur at lately. Ie after the great progress in the research, engineering
studies and legal research. Legal theories in ancient times based on the
general theory and political philosophy. While modern legal theories
discussed in language and legal experts thought system itself. The difference
lies in the methods and emphasis. Legal theory modern jurists as legal
theory philosophers scholastic doctrine, based on the highest confidence
that inspiration come from outside the field of law itself Based on the
understanding of the legal theory of the above it can be concluded that the
characteristics of the theory of law as follows:
need for guidance of social norms, political and moral, with figures von
Jhering and Austin. Second, sociological positivism, the law is open
responded to people's lives, which should be investigated through natural
methods.
But this view is opposed by other law schools including legal realism. This
stream argues that the law is not formed from the authorities, but to the law
of life and grow with the community. Law can not be separated from the
elements sociological, and more concerned with justice in society. Legal
theory is its own discipline among dogmatic science of law and philosophy of
law, which has an external interdisciplinary perspectives and critically
analyze various aspects of the law of symptoms, either alone or in relation to
the whole, both in its theoretical conception as well as in relation to the
whole, both in its theoretical conception and in implementation practical, in
order to obtain a better understanding and provide clear explanations of the
law may in fact society. The urgency of legal theory is a theory of law have
uses including, (1) explain how to interpret the law with something meaning /
understanding, something the terms or elements of the validity of a legal
event, and the hierarchy of legal regulation powers, (2) assess a legal event,
and ( 3) predict about something that will happen. According to Radbruch,
legal theory has the task: make clear the values and postulates of law to the
highest filosifisnya foundation. While Kelsen states that the legal theory
serves to reduce clutter and diversity into unity. Legal theory is the science
of applicable law, not the law should be Other uses, according to Mochtar
Kusumaatmadja legal theory, legal theory of development, is inviting a lot of
attention, which when translated globally aspects are as follows: First, Legal
Theory Development to date is the legal theory created by the Indonesian
people to see the dimensions and culture of Indonesian society. Therefore,
the benchmark of the development dimension of the legal theory was born,
grow and develop in accordance with the conditions in Indonesia. Essentially
if the application would be applied in accordance with the conditions and the
situation of a pluralistic Indonesian society. Second, the Legal Theory
Development dimensional frame of reference wears outlook on life (way of
live) as well as the nation Indonesian society based on the principles of
Pancasila which is familial then against the norms, principles, institutions and
rules contained in the Development of Legal Theory has a relative dimension
includes structure (structure), culture (culture) and substance (substance)
Third, basically Legal Theory Development provides basic function of the law
as "a means of renewal of society" (law as a tool of social Engeneering) and
the law as a system is needed for Indonesia as a developing country.