EOG REVIEW

Motion and Design Study Guide

BIG IDEA: Objects move in specific ways which are planned, powered, and designed
using concepts such as friction, air resistance, and energy.
Force a push or pull on an object
Balanced Forces forces that are equal and cancel each other out, so motion does not change
(ex: a tug of war game where the rope is staying in one place; ex: apple sitting on a desk)
Unbalanced Forces forces that are unequal- one is greater than the other so motion occurs
(ex: pushing a heavy box across the floor- your push on the box is greater than the boxs push
back on you; ex: lifting something up- your pull up is greater than gravitys pull down; another
example of unbalanced forces is a car speeding up)
Friction- force that acts upon an object to slow or stop its motion (ex: a soccer ball rolling
across a grassy field is stopped by the friction the grass causes; ex: add salt to slippery roads
increases the friction b/t a cars wheels and road)
Gravity force that pulls all objects on Earth toward the center of the Earth ex: let a toy car go
at the top of a ramp and gravity pulls it down the ramp; ex: jump up and you come down
Inertia- tendency of an object to resist a change in motion- an object in motion will stay in
motion until a force acts upon it and an object at rest will stay at rest until a force acts upon it;
Newtons 1st Law of Motion
Distance = speed multiplied by time
Momentum- Mass of object multiplied by velocityan object that is bigger, or is going faster,
is harder to stop than an object that is smaller or is going slower because it has greater
momentum. Think of a big truck and a little Smartcar at same speed, both trying to brake for
an accident- who has more momentum and thus will have a harder time braking?
Stored and kinetic energy- Stored energy is potential energy waiting to be released. If you
stretch out a rubberband, you are giving it potential or stored energy. Once you release the
rubberband, it has kinetic energy. Stored energy is what an object has right before it moves and
kinetic energy is what an object has when it is moving.
Alternate sources of energy- wind, sun, nuclear, thermal
Air resistance- sometimes called drag this is a force that slows moving objects in the air ex:
parachutes
Work is done on an object when you transfer energy to that object; work = force multiplied by
distance
Simple Machines- tools that make work easier- they have few or no moving parts- 6 main
types of simple machines

Inclined plane: used to move something from low to high; ex: ramp
Wedge- used to cut something in two; ex: knife
Screw used to attach two parts together; ex: bottom of a light bulb
Lever: used to lift a large load by exerting a small force; ex: wheelbarrow
Wheel and Axle- used to move or turn something by changing direction and strength of
force; ex: knob, bike
Pulley used to lift and pull something ex: window blinds

Design- solves problem through a process- identify problem, visualize solutions, plan, build,
test, redesign with improvements; ex: design of race cars, sailboats
Variables- Independent variable is the variable you can control in an experiment. Dependent
variable is the one you observe and measure in an experiment. If you are testing the effect of
light on plant growth, how much light you give the plant is the independent variable and how
much the plant grows is the dependent variable.