ORIGEN ON FIRST PRINCIPLES Being Koetschan's Text oft Translated into English, Tniraduction and witha by G, W, BUTTERWORTH Intreduetion tothe Torchibook edition By HENRI DE LUBAC HARPER TORCHBOOKS # The Cate Larry Marper® Row FaleThs bok sold ab 1 he condition ta ish tb way of tae ee sll hed ot or there dapoed of wth ie sbi’ cnsn iv an for of hndng oto whe tha ee ld | LIBRAS | oN FIRST PRINCIPLES Fruolacton othe Trcbok ean coppice @ "98 by Harper & Row, Pubs Prine inthe Unie State of Americ. A ahs reserve, Tl bork was ly ale i 6 by the ety for Promolng Chitin Rowe, Leolon, stalis ee rpritd by ence, ‘his bok bas ren endoned by the Commitee on Reprinting of The Amen Thee Lise Asda, lot manna roncmiox elton publi 196 by ‘arper @ Row, Publik, Inert {7 Hast sd Sie, ‘Now York NW. stb vw vu vin, CONTENTS Isracoveros torte Toscniox rs08 Isreeoveron Bantioera Prnice of Remus FIRST PRINCIPLES. ROOK Prerace ‘Toe Fareea canst ‘Tue How See Loss, on FALuse awar Rarionat, NarURES ‘Tur Exo ok Coxsuupesrion ‘Tynes Cosponest ax Isconrones, Tue Axons BOOK 11 ‘Wontn avo se Crearuns 1 ‘Twe Penpererry oF Boory Naruae ‘Tur Become oF mir Wort ano rms Causes ‘Tuer TERE 15 OsE Goo oF tite Law sso tt Prorsers, axp Tur Tu Goo oF Tie Oxo vp New Covmusts 18 THR SAME Tur Jost ax0 tHE Goon “Tue Iveamuamion oF THE SaviouR . ‘Tuar or WAS THE SAME SPIRIT WHO WAS Moses axp nie exsr oF THe PROPuers Axo THE WoL ArostEEs Tur Sou : . ‘Tue Wortn, so rime Moveweers oF Rantosst (CREATURES ROT OOD AD #¥iL, AND TE Causes oF Tiese Movissrs [ResUREECTION aX PUNISHMENT ‘Tue Prowises asttseas. 9 38 urBOOK IV CHAPTER I GREEK! LATIN The Issrinarion of Divixe | Taz Divise Ivsnieation oF ‘Scuerune ‘rie ScxPrRes 1, Now in our investigation | _1- Now since in our discussion ‘ot these important matters. ve | of these great and important dh not rest cashed with com: | subjects itis not sofioent 10 ‘non opinions and the evidence | leave the conclusion of the OF hinge tat are sen, but we | tater to human opinions and the in ddton, for the man | he comoion understanding andy {es peo of our” statements | sto speak, to pronounte ob testimonies “drawn from the | things rovisble dhroogh visible Scriptures which we believe to | means, we must take into ace ening, “both, fom what fe | count” for the. root of these Clled the’ OM! Testament, and | statements of ours, the. test Si the Ney enor | ore the dine sites ing. to cone oie faith by | Aod in order that these test telson ‘Weimenot yey howe monies may carey an assured Chery dscused the vine | and indabtable conviton bath Ghafacter ef the erptres,|in regard to what we ae about Wal the, let us deal ina bet | to ‘ay and in regard {0 what Iranner with a few pomnts con-| we have said already, it seems Ceming them, bringing forward | necessary frst of all to show ihe ‘cones the reasons | thatthe scrptres themselves that influence us to. regard | are divin, that is, are inspired them divine wriags. And | by the Sprit of God. We shall st ofall elore we make tte | Serefore set our seal to this ef statements rom the writ | proposition i a brie a manner {ngs themscives and from the | ts we can by quoting from the rents dacloved in them, let us| vine scriptures themselves the Speak. of Moses: the Hebrew | passages that chief influence Wegiver, and of Jesus Christ | us, that 1, Brat the passages the introduce. of the saving | fom Moses the lawgiver of the Ahocsines of Christianity Herew people, and. thea fom the words of ents Christ, the 2 che 1 and with pt of Ch TI, masked at Fag, a, Kowa, an rl che Pa, es Rai, PTs Ti ier of he Chapter wih Tam ‘og ig ie x7 Ture Phdoa, be Sept to age wih the shop dient found in Rofo case. 1) ANCIENT GREEK For although there have been ety many “lowgivers mong both Greeks and barbarians, and teachers. who proclaimed doc ines which profesed to be the truth, we have no record of & Tawgiver who har succeeded in implanting an enthusiasm for | wacceeded in LAWGIVERS 237 LATIN author and leader of the Chuistian religion and doctrine. Fr although there have been very many “lawgivers among both Greeks and barbarians, at ‘well as innumerable teachers oF Philosophers wio professed that hey taught the truth, we re- rember no lawgiver who has sing Hate the the acceptance of hi teachings | minds of foreign nations a desire famong. nations other than ‘his town, A great apparatus of sup posed loge proof has been fberoduced by men who pofest that thei plilosophy” is con ‘ered with rut, and yet none ff thom as sicocded in ime planting what he regarded as {he truth among dierent nations find enthusiasm either to adopt 1s laws voluntarily orto defend them wholeheartedly. Noe has anyone succeded in introducing land inplanting what he regard: fel ae the truth among, 1 will ot. say many other fordign tations, but even among. the people of a single nation, in for even among aay suber of | Such a way x0 to cae n know pectons worth mentioning” ina | ledge of and bel in itt extend tigie maton. "Fe would have been the wish of the giers (0 putin Tore the laws hich appeared to them to be good among the thle race of meen, had hat Ben pose; while the teachers ‘ould have wished tat wht they Imagined was the tu shod ie pea everywhere throughs ct the wor. Bot_krowing {hae they Gould not summon men of oxerfanguages and of tay fans tothe okerance of {hci laws and the acceptance af thee teachings they whl ee Franc even om atenptng 0 Athi, comsidring not unc tor rponsble wae that such frost should happen to em. {yer all over Grose and in the favbarian port of world there ae thosands of ethan fst who have abandoned ir ateeseal avs ‘andthe toll "Yet we cannot doubt tht the lawgivers would. have wished thet laws to be observed by all sen, had that” been possible; While the teachers wold have Wished that what they regarded fs. the truth should" become Kepown. to alk But_koowing that this” was altogether ime Postible and that they id not possest the enormous influence that was necesary 10 summon men of foreign nations to the ‘observance oftheir laws. and Teachings they didnot venture to make the least attempt) this, for fear lest an ineffective fn futile effort to do s0 should Stamp their conduct wth fll Yet al over the word, in the whole of Greece and in every | foreign natin, there are inn erable people who have aban- ‘doned their ancestral laws andsb FIRST PRI GREEK i recognised gods for observance of the laws of Moses and of the | teaching contained in the words ff Jesus Christ, in spite of the fact that those ho. submit 0 | the law of Moses are ated Dy ‘the worshippers of images and | that those io accept the word bi Jesus Christ are_ not only hated but in danger of death 2. Now if we conser how ia a sey fo year abough ose Si" aide "Gansta fevtecited and some ae pu to EEsth on account of i whe ‘ers afer the ows of ‘hcir possessions, yet the word has Kec abinspite of the few nes ofits tacts, to be ‘preached “everywhere inthe rosso" that “Grek and Tnbasinsy wise and folsht Rave adopted the religion of ests, we tal ot festate © By that thie scievement imore than busy semembering Chat Jens taught al ate thon and convincing “power that bis word shoud real Consequently we may reagon= ably regaed as oracles thove titerances of his such as, "Ye shall be Brought before kings land governors for my sake, for ‘testimony #0 them and 10 the Sc a Origen, Com. Cole 1 Se Suse ae See Se Mare XI 3 INCIPLES [Boos 1v LATIN their eecogosed gos and have Sabmited’ themes to te SSrervane of he lw of Moses Spd tothe dsigaip ad wor Ship of Chis, and thsi pte ate fact tat antes fated hs ben ated agaist them: by’ those who. worship image, to su an exten that thy are often subjected to for {urs tthe hands of hese me tnd. sometimes. evened to death, “Nevers hey em. ice and guard with all afer onthe word of Chris's tach ee Now ve can see bow in a Shot ie th. Felgion has frown, up making progress {trough "te “pesca ond Anh of ts adherents and through thle cals of cae fecal ‘ef propery and every Kind of ortre, And this farisluy wees ice its Tethers themselves are nether ‘ey sila cor very numero For in apt of al, this word ‘preached in a the won? so Sor" Greats “and” tarrans, ‘ree and foe now adopt the Gisiatan reign." Hence there car bento dow that its aoh fines "senha resources thatthe word af Christ comet to peer wih all autor ad ‘cvcing power in the wines ted ear Of all me "Moreover it pan that this real was predicted by hin apd ‘Stable bythe divine rales fe uttered, as when be a) Nye tate, Grought before foverors and Tues for" y Pm 1 Cuan. 1] WORDS OF CHRIST FULFILLED 339 GREEK LATIN gentile ;! and... * ‘Many | sake, for a testimony o them Shall say to me in’ that day, | and tothe genes"! and again, Lord, Lordy did we not eatin | "This gospel shall be preached thy aame and dri in thy name | to all ations! and alsa Many fand in thy mame cast out dae-| shall say tome io that éayy ‘mons? “And I sbsll say unto | Lord, Lord, have we not eaten| them, Depact “Irom “ae_y¢ | snd drank in thy mamey and i ‘workers of nigutys, Teer | thy name cast out daemons? Trew joa! "Nowhere was | And sbi say uo them, nce» pwsily that in : from ne, ye workers of ing thee words he was talking | iniguty; T never knew you" ij, because. they were not | Now if these. words had been trac; but when words spoken | spokea by him. and ad not with such authority ave come | come to the predicted falient To pass it shows that God has | they might hive appeared to be fealybocome man and delved | sary trae and fo posses no to men the donee of salva | authority; but now, since. the tio. fveae which wore pried by im do come to pas and since they were predicted with 30 feat power and authority, iis fost pliny shown that be is realy “God who has become Fan sod has delivered 0. {he peeeps of salvation “Pind what are we to say of nig, thatthe prophets have predicted beforehand of him hat cers shal ot El fom Jodah nor lagers from his thigh nl be shal come for whom hat sy cealy the, kingdom reserved’, and ‘uot the expectation of the gentes stall Gomes For is abundantly sear from history “and from | lear from history and fiom what we ste at the prevent day | what we se atthe present day that after the times of Jesus | that after the times of Christ there were no longer aay who | kings have not existed among were cll kings of the Jews, | the Jews. Moreover all those nd that all those Jewish cos. | Jewish ceremonies of which they toms on which they prided them | Bona so much and on wich ‘Shes I ean those coneced | they pried tems, ay Si Mat yt Se Mak XU aS, My en eid te im "Slam i, 25 5 Sake RIL. 26 1 Se Ge a6. Bap 4 And what need is there 19 say also that it was predited that those who are calle “ralers? ‘shall fail foe Juda and the Jeaders from his thighs, when he shal come for whom shat is, clearly, the Kngdom—s ex served’, and when “the expectar on of the gentiles shall dwell here’ “For iis abendantly60 FIRST PRINCIPLES [Boor 1V GREEK | LATIN with the temple and the altar | those connected with the adorae And the performance of worship | ing of the temple aod the fnd the (garments of the high | decorations of the altar and all, Driest, have” een destroyed | those sacendotal filets and the For the propheey has been ful | garments of the high priests filed which says, “The stildren | were destroyed at one blow. ‘of Iara shall sit for many days | For the prophecy ‘those king. or ruler, without | filed which sig, Serifce or altar or priesthood | of Iseael shal sit for many d (or orackes"™ without king, without ruler; there shall be neither serie or altar nor "priesthood nor rates Now we use these sayings as |” Now we use these sayings as fan answer to those who, in | evidence against those who Fegard to the iielty'arking | apparently maintain. that what from the words in” Genesis | is sail by Jacob in Genesys spoken by Jacob to Judah, sty | said of Judah, and who declare thatthe Ethnateh® who comes | that thee eemaine to this day a from the ue of Jah i he | ler who cams am the te ruler of the peopl and that | of Judah, that isto say, that ‘en of his seed will not fail | perton who is the ruler Sf the lun the advent af the Christ | Jewish ation and whom they 3s they picture him. Foe ithe | eall the Patiarch, and, they Children" of Israel sal! sit fr | ad men of his seed eat fail ‘many’ days without king or | © continue until the advent of foler, without sacrifice or altar | that Christ whom they picture for priesthood or oraclen,* and | to themselves, But if wat the {it trom the time the temple was | prophet says is tus, that “the sl to the ground there has | children of Teral shall sit for been ‘neither serie nor altar | many days withovt king, with ‘or priesthood i i cear that | out ruler} neither sball there be a ruler has ‘filed from Judah | scree ‘gor altar nor priest- Anda leader feom this thighs. | hood," and if certainly from the Ad when the prophecy saps "A | time the temple was overthrown ruler shall aot fal form Judah | 0 sacifces, have been fered for a leader from bis. thighs | nor bas an altar been found Until there shall come what is | there nor a priesthood existed, reserved for him’ it is clear | then itis quite clear that rulers 2 The Chin argue fm Gen. LIX. sf given alo by Juin Marys Apt SERIE Dal coe Ty acim that dram te une ere ERM Selon erat ene cre te uy, Cua. 1) REJECTION OF THE JEWS 261 GREEK Lats that he has come for whom are | have “sled fom Judas as it {he things reserve that ie | was wetter apd lear from Who.is the expectation of the | his thighs, unt he comes for sgetes. This evident from | whom it was reserved Tt is fhe tunber of gentes who | vides, then, that he has come, Ahrough Christ have believed in | for whom it was reserved he in whom also ir the expectation ot the genes". This seems Plainly to have been fullled in fhe multitude of howe who from Uiferet gentile. nations have through Chast believed in God. 4 And in the song in Deate | "Y"Aforeover in the song 0 ronomy itis propheticaly ee | Detieronomy it is prophetally ‘vealed! that there aba! be an | evened that there. shall be an Aetion of foolish nations on | Clecion of feos nation on Seount af the sis of Gols | acount of the sins of God's former peoples which has come | former peoples which eetion i to passthrough no oer than | erty" none other than ests. For it sys: ‘They | that which ‘has come 10 pass moved me to jealousy with that | through Christ. For it speaks ‘which not GoW; they ave | ths: They have provoked me provoked me to anger with their | toanger with thei hols, and Mats and'T wil move them to | will move them to ely ith jealousy with that whichis no |x fooish nation Till str them nation, and with a foolish | tanger" Now itean be very nation T’ wil provoke them to | clearly persved fa what manner finger.” Now it can be very | the Hebrews, who are sald to ‘Suslypereeved ia what manner | bave moved God to anger with the Hebrews, who are said to | those that are no gods and to have moved’ God to. jealousy | have provoked hin with, thelr swith that which isnot God and | Was, have themselves ben Poe to have provoked him to anger | voked to anger and jessy by wth thei ils have themselves | "foolish nation’, whith God teen provoked to anger and | chose though the advent of felouty wth that which i no | Christ Jesus and bi dpe, 2 ation, and. with a “ooh ation," which God chose through the advent of Christ Jews and his disciples. ‘We see then, rein, that | For the apostle speaks as ‘oot many wise after the Bes, | follows: "Ye see your calling, tot many mighty, ot many | brethren, that not many among noble are called; bt God chose | you are wise after the flesh, not Gen XLIX. 10. For the two forms of the quctaton see Junin Mange Dish com Type CR.6a FIRST PRINCIPLES [Boos 1V GREE! LATIN the fens kings ofthe wr, | many gty, at may able thn helio Same | Dt Gal Ste he nat ng thn the; ad! ef te west te eh sr ngs nde iigy dt |e ats at be might Soy De dept tal Shoe, | hat ngs tht re et Jeosan he gs tht ae mt | he Eerore Wet aed TEC git ing to nought | afters for sel hone Wings iat ere efor | ely the apouc— pry then. Se ne Hie ses | et asda? ay ee e's wt ald byte | bore Gh poste hen Ren | 2 hd what neal is thee os. Wt mas we sy, or pS of ihe wap eng | nk a he apse tng Dirt ie Poians | to Etin he asing no hc crn oe eee | pcs nth eich "Furie nme nose tong | estan or Seve ital oie ep of ay | wie tes at he tengo Soler flee tte | rie peat anny wr Tien of men ane ae | who ser ha heen Str poed on op?” Non [a me’ hecaie “grace wat ial yrace ae pret | puro spl Nowa tei pia the at Wet S| prot haga wa ped on though the tine be spent“ | hi igo S ib fa that a tecking wt ste“ | howl eine fe spn in SStgue“ony about yar an eching war aboor\ he Ew mh we | nuh bt yaad fe tote withing | motets he le Sethe gon tt a | wor as ened i tag nH” tere fas |achig and eee Tah ‘hom in hs day “iho | Forte fase a dye tess and an chance Space| Wigneoetnes and an aban tog tthe epsunme, | ope sig te ea wii hre ae eka | whe end ea the alo, Seay af te wr and tee | Sway he me nd Bea thats ts have no fan | fo see en sca‘ sea ad from te ee | and from herr een Yo ie {She eas of the cath Aad ens fhe eats Anda 2 sn has bees given tothe | spe ato fas Sen ive othe House of Dav fore veg | bes of Davis forthe gt {id once ad ea 2 Sn | hs once he won Sd LSE St eee gum seed ne tae Hd CT. recta een oe Do a Tie cum. 1] FULFILMENT GREEK and. his same is ‘Emmanuel’ ‘which means "God with us "These has also Deen flied that which the sane. prophet sys, "God is with us. Know In ye nations, and be overcome: ye that are strong, be overt ome" Far we who have Teen captured from among the ‘nations, have been overcome tnd conquered by the grace of bis word. Moreover the place of his bit i foretold in Mica. “And thou, Bethlehem it says, “land of Jadah, art in no way least among the rules of Judah; for out of thee shall come a governor, who shall shepherd fry. people Tsral.® And the ‘Mtv week until the com: ing of Chis the governor were failed in accordance with Daniet's propieey* He, ‘too, thas come who ancording to Job Jae “subdued the great fs” Ad who’ has given to is {roe ciples authority to “tread on serpents and seogpions and over very power of the ‘enemy, tvthout beng in any way harned by them." Let anyone aio consider how the apostien who were sent by Jesus to preach the gospel so- Journed everywhere, and he will fee tht thee daring venture was rot merely human and that the Command was from God. And itiwe examine how, when people heart the new teachings and range words, they. wecomed these men, the desire t0 lot lg VIL as Se Mat 1 as 3 Mae." Cam Me, 3c I's ep OF PROPHECY Ey LATIN thas borne Emmanuel, which means, "God is with us. “There has also been flied that which the. same. prophet Says, "God is with us Know it ye tations, and be overcome."= For we have beea overcome and conquered, we who come {eam the nations and ave as i were the spoils af his victors, we who have Bowed our necks 10 the yoke of his grace. More: ‘over the place of his beth is foretold in the prophet Micah, who says; ‘And thou, Bethlee hem, land of Judah, art in no way’ least among the rulers of Jdahyfor out of thee shall ome’ a governor, who shall fale my people Trse™® Fare ther, the Weeks of years ual the coming of Christ the gor ‘ermor, which Daniel the propit foretold, have been lled.* He, to, has come who as fore= told by Job to. be shout to ‘estoy ihe. buge beast” and Who albo gave to his personal iscples authority to “tread on Serpents and scorpions and over teery power ofthe enemy, with fou ring’ in any way harmed by theme ‘And if any one will consider the jourmeyings of | Chist's Aapostes through all the various Dlces in which they were sent By him to preach the gospel, he wl find that what they vented To undertake was beyond. the power of man and that the Siccess in ving. accomplished ‘what they ventured upon fom God. Ife consider how, when MIL & 6 SES ahs264 FIRST PRINCIPLES [Book IV GREEK | Latin sz an ig sty | poe ed ta ney ee Sree ord ere ay ee Oar | me RE, ee wee Seta ES ceoahty is ah 2S Swart iS She Sie Sa fern Te hee Singh el ond ck 6 Now wn wh iy |" Now ht we ve sy sccm ti diene | atonal “at a freee | sent le Mee Im prophecy about him, we de- | Christ nd the fulaiment of ll ‘onstrate atthe tae time that | thowe pophecies that werespoken the writings which prophesy | about him, iti T think, also tout him are vin npied| proved atthe same Hime at find thatthe swords wich an- | the wrtngs themseves.which nice his sojourn here and | have prophesied about him were Hin" Teaching were spoken | divinely inspired, those ‘wich ‘sith al power and sthorty an | foretold ether is aent oF the hat thi isthe reason why they | power of fis teaching’ or the have prevailed ‘over the’ elect | Ingathering of all the nations people taken from among. the | To which must also be added fatons." And we must ad that | the following, that the divine ita alter the advent of Joss | nature and inspiration both of that the inspiration of the pros | the oracles of the prophets and phic words andthe spinal | of the law cof Moves has been ate of Moses’ aw eame to | specially Brought to Fight and Tight, For before the advent of | proved since the time when Giri it was not at all posse | Christ came into this word fo tring forward cla profs of | For before the peictins made the dive lnsiation of the ol | by these wece failed, although Sciptures. But the advent of | Shey eee teve and inspired by us Ted those who might fave | God stil they” could got, be speed tht the wr and the | shown to be trae Because they prophets were not dine tothe | were not yet proved to have Sige alan tha they wee | Cae fps: Bathe tent of ompored bythe ad of beavenly | Christ procaine the truth an come | Ge apron of what bad 1 So Heb Ug: Ae Ve cur, 1] TRUTH UNVEILED BY JESUS a K And he who approtches the propetc words wih eae and elation wil el fom his very Teanga taco of thee vine Inspiration sod wll be convinced By hie owe fecinge thatthe Words which ae Bevel by {o be fom Go are nthe com positions of men. Now the igh which was contained wih: inthe law of Moses but was ides away under a vi, shone forth"at te. advent of Jess, tren the vel war taken away nd there came stone to me's Imnowldge those yood tings of ch the eter the lw eld wShadow 7. Ie would be a long business atte were to record at hi pol the ancient prophecies relating to every future event, in order thatthe doubter might be struck by ther divine origin and, | palting away all hesitation and fection, might devote hin Self with ‘his whole sul to the word of God” Bat iin every eof the scriptures the ipermiman cement of the Thought doesnot appear obvious 502 Oar LATIN een spoken, whereas before it would erst ave Ben cone Tidered doubt wheter the ie of what had been predicted wuld come to pas athe May one ponders over the probet sayings wi Ste aton aad erect they deserve it is extn that Inthe very Sct of reading and Gligenty“sodyng” them his tin and flings willbe touched Sprain breath ane wil Teogive tht the words he eating are notte aterances of tran hi the language of od Sod oo he wll percee from his foun experience that these bok faves been composed not by fhman art or mort loguence fait Tay so spre in Sipe that vin. "The spene {hr ot Christe advent has, therfore, by minting the Law of Monts with the right es ofthe thy ihre the fel which had cower the Vier ofthe awe and has ise ove for every one whe fetes in him, all those “good things” whieh ay concealed within Tt would be a matter of comideabe labour i we were oo ed the te and aes {2 mich every event predict ld by the prophets has een failed,” in the hpe that bight thereby confirm those wo Sein cui ose sible for anyone who desires Tore accurate owed about thse tings fo ger poo in Sundanet fron the Books of | the tt themes But if at 16: Heh6 FIRST PRINCIPLES: [Boos 1V GREEK LamiN pee er ot |e mae soak Se gt | iS cs Seared ats "he ects a [ee sce rene | bodies is apparent to us in one ee et el Bat just as providence is not abolished eeause of our igno- ance a leat not for those who have once rightly belived i it, so neither i the divine character through all” of it, abolished Decne our weakness cannot ‘sce in every_ sentence. the bidden Splendour ofits texch- ngs, canceled under a pooe and For "we have a teense in earthen vessels, that the exceeding greatness of the power of God tay shine forth'= nd. may not be reckoned. as ‘oming. from vs who. are but or if it had been the Iackneyed methods of demon- Siration uted among men. and preserved in books that had con- ined mankind, or faith might Teatonably have been supposed fo ret inte wisdom of men and fot in the power of God.” But how itis Gear that “the word find. the. preaching” have pre- ald among the multitude ‘not | In persuasive words of wisdom, but in. demonstration “of the Spirit und of power.” 1 see 2 Gon We 1S 4 Coe IN EARTHEN VESSELS 6 LATIN idence is 10a lege extent Hidden fom men, and sot a Tie ia my opinion fom the ageless. at just as divine providence is not proved to bea ction, particule for those who. ar Convinced” of is. existence, Seeaume ts workings and Srangements are beyond the mphenson of hasan mind, So voether wil the divine Inspiration of oly scripture, which extends through is entre body, be supposed to be non: tlintntbecase the weakens St oar ‘understanding cannot Aiscover the deep an hidden thoughts in every sentence; for the treasure of vine wiadom Je concealed in vessels of poor and humble words asthe abate pte out when be aayes We Fave’ this "reasure in earthen ‘esses that the greatness of the vine’ power may ahine forth the mote’ whes 90 ait of human clouence mingled with fhe tuch othe doctrines For if our books had attracted men to Bele becatse they. were Composed with hetodcal skill fr mith plosopical cleverness fur faith would undoubtedly fave been supposed to retin the sifu se of words and in han wisdom, and: not in the power of God “Bat now itis fell koown to all that “he word Sf this preaching” has, been 80 Sccpted by sultfades in most the whole word that they ave fealied that thee eel ete ‘ot in ‘persuasive words of268 GREEK Since therefore it is a celes | "Sines therefore we have been tial ov even super-eelestil power | driven by a celestial, ay, bY thot impels us to worship only an even” super-celestial power, him who crested un, kt ua en- | to faith and trust, for this deavour to leave ‘behind. the | purpose, that we may_ worship ‘octrine of the fst principles | the only Creator of all things Of Christ’, that is of the ele | a6 our God, fetus also endeay iments, and press on to peer | ovr to strive earnest to leave tion’ that the wisdom which | behind the doctrine of the frst is tpoken tothe perfect may be | principles of Christ’, which ace Syke also to us" For be who | the elementary pelacipes “of Nd scqired this wisdom pro- | knowledge, and to “press on tO Iss that he speaks it to\the | perfection"? dat that wisdom Perfect, and that is wisdom | which is deivered tothe perfect, Biterent from the ‘wislom of | may be delivered also t this world, and the wisdom of | For such isthe promise of im the rulers of this work, which | to whom the preaching af this ‘coming to notght™ And this | wisdom was committed, and who ‘wisdom will be distinctly samp: | says, “Howbeit we speic wisdom upon us ‘according to the | among the perfect, sett Fevelation of the mystery which | Wisdom aot of this word nor ath been hep in silence through | ofthe rulers of this woe, who ties eterna bat now is man | are to come to nought’ By fested both through the sexp.| this he shows that our wisdom, tures and through the appeasing | 30 far ax" ‘concers polished tour Lard and Savio Jesus | language, has nothing fn come Chiat 40 whom be glory for | mon with the wisdom of thi fever and ever. Ament wor.” This wisdom, therefore Will he the more early and perfectly insert in or hears, tit is made known tout ‘aecoeding’ to the revedaton of the mystery” which hath Deen hidden” through times tera ‘but now is manifested through the seriptires of the. prophets and “though the eoming of ear bd and Saviour Jesut Chest, to whom is the glory for ever Vandever. Amen* SSS fame AVL gare 2 Tim 1 sos «Tin VL CHAPTER I GREEK How Divine Semrure 1. Now that we have spoken cutuoily boat the inspiration of the divine scriptures i i necese ary to lacuse the manner in ‘ehich they are to be read and Understood, since many mistakes have been made in consequence fof the method by which the holy Socuments ought” to be inter- preted not having bein dscover- ft by the multitude. For the hnardchearted and ignorant mem bers of the cieumeision ave ‘fused to believe in ou Saviour because they tink that hey are Keeping closely to the language fof the peopises that relate 10 him, and they see thet he did ‘ot ‘literally “proline release to Captives’ or bld. what_ Wey consider {0 be 8 real "city of God? or “cut of the chariots from ‘Ephraim and the horse from Jeruslem” or ‘eat butter and ‘honey, and. choose the good “before he knew or pre fevred the evil" 1 Foe the Grek thle se stow 0 LATIN Moy, sor _uxoMRsraNDIG sug Scnorronas.SHRITUALLY, 1. Now that we ave dealt, therefore, with this pointy that the vine sritures were ine Spiced bythe Holy” Spirit i pears necessary alko to explain tow some men have iavalved thomselves ia numerous ereors through not reading oF under Standing em aright, Because the method by which we should Approach the interpretation of the divine writings 8 urknown to the multude. For the Jews, bing to thelr hardness of beset Winer desire t0 appear wise in their own sigh, bave refused to believe io. our Lord and Saviour because they suppose that the prophecies that relate to him must be understood Htr= ally, that is, that he ought fctally and visibly to. have “proclaimed release to captives and that he ought to bave at ‘nce Duilt a city such as they think the ‘ity of God? realy is, and atthe same time to have “eat off the chariots from Ephesim andthe horse from Jerusalem’, sed also to have ‘eaten ‘butter and. honey” and ‘Shosen the good ‘before "he Knew how to prefer the evi:* a gear eI + Lake IV. og Pe XLV 45 emis LVI Ig fy Zack, Hk fe VIL ag.a0 FIRST PRINCIPLES [Boos 1V GREEK Hl LATIN Further, they thnk tht it is | Further, they think that it is the wolf the fourfooted animal, | the well, the fourfoted aims, whichis said i prophecy to be | of which tf prophesied that at fing to "feed with the lamb, | the” coming of ‘Crist it must End the leopard toe down with | feed with fabs, and the Teo- the Kick and the cal and bull) pard Be down with the kids, fon to eed wogeter, ed by | sod the calf andthe bull fd lide child, andthe ox and | with lows and be led to their the bear to ‘pasture together | pastures by a litle child, and Uicir young ones growing up | the ox and the bear lie down twit tach other, andthe Hon | together in the green lds and qo tat straw like the oxy! and | their young anes be brought up faving seen none ofthese events | side By side and Bons to stand literally happening suring the | at stalls with oxen and feed on fuvent of hin whom we belive | straw."" Seeing, then, that to be Christ they di not accept | there was aoflflmetin history four Lond Jest but cried | of all these things which were him on the ground that fhe had | prophesied of him and in which trrongly alld hime Christ. | they bebeved that the signs of the advent of Christ were spec ly to be observed, they relused to acknowledge the presence of four Lord Jesus Christ; nay, contrary to al ight and justice, that iy contrary to the faith of ropicy, they nailed hie to the Grove for asstming for himself the name of Christ. ‘Then again the heretics, read ing in the law, “A fre has been led in yer and am a jaloan God, visiting Mee elie tases upos he thildren to the thd snd fourth keneraton’ and "le repenteth ine that I have anointed Salto And the member of the here tia ech reading the peng, “A'fee has beta Windle in ie anger andl am a els Coa Siting te ins OF the fatre upon he chien to the third and Tooth. generation’? and ‘Tt repentth me hat have “noited Sul to be king” and | be kg’ and “1 am God God, make peace ad reste | maketh peace and cresteth evi? svi and elsewere, "There is | and agun There isto ev in no el in iy hich the Lord | cy, which the Lord Bath not halon dah ter "Eth | oan "iy eae down fame down ffom the Lat upon | fem the Lor pon the fates the ater of ruse’? and [of Jersalen' tnd "An ei Se RL 67 Dest RAM 235 Je. XV pind: Sta Cur. It] SCRIPTURE MISUNDERSTOOD a oREEK LATIN “An evil spirit from the Lord | spit from God toubed Saul troubled Sul and ten thous | ad many. other passages of Sand ether passages Uke these, | seriptre ke thes, ave” 200 ve not ded oisicee at | dared to s37 thatthe are wot ty ar the wings of Cod bt | the wets of God but have ez the to Eong ote | supposed the to beng to that restr, tom the Jens wore | Creator God whom the Jews Stee" comewoenty they th | woripped? “and who they TRE sac the Creator is impr | Wink should be belived to be fect and nt gut, the Suvour | merely ust and” not good as Cline hee to proc e.more | well” For they thik that, the frriect God wl they aay ienot | Saviour came ere to_proclaim The, Creator and shat wom | tus a more periect God, who they estertain diverse opinion. | they sty i nae the Creator of {Tht ‘havog once faleh say | the wor and about whom hey {rom the Cleator, who ithe | entertain diverse opinions ine S0l unbegorte ody they have | Eng once fale ‘away from flea themacves ap to fins, | Uc faith in God the Creator, {EtRoning mythic’ hypotheses | wh i the God ofall, they ave ecovding which they sup: | given themselves po various fone that che are somethings | fetions and Tales, vesting {har ae seen and olhers. at | false opinions and saying tha fe ao seen all of wich are | here are certain vinble things the fancies of thie own minds, | made by one power and certain | feist “Thiago created" by | other power, jst as they are iC bythe fany and vanity of the ove minds. Moreover, even the simpler of | Moreover some ofthe simpler thos wo dato belong the |of those who appea to remain Cure, whe beeing indeed | within the faith ofthe Church, that thre i sone eter than | whi Belding that here is none the Crestor, when they are | Erste than te Creator God, fight, yet aleve auch ‘hinge [ln which they maintain a ght tout him as would not be be: | and sound opinion yet believe Heved of the most savage and | such things about Sim as would ‘jst men ot be ele even of the most Suet and savage of men. 2. Now the reason. why all | Now the reson wy tose hove me have mentoned bold | we have mentioned abore fave a {ate opinion ad make impious | false apprehension of all these ignorant assertions abet | tatters nothing ele bat his, Gos Spears to'be nothing Gse | that the Boi srptre i nok i ge tat serine fot | understood by” them in is a Sam EVIL Re Mowe, Be TE Ch Ve 1 @ 191a FIRST PRINCIPLES [Boor 1V GREEK ‘nderstood in its spiritual sense, but is Interpreted accoeding 10 the ase letter On this account| ‘wemustexplaintothose who be- Tove that the sacred books are ot the works of mens But that | they seve composed and have tome down fo ts as a resale of the inspiration of the Holy Spirit by the will of the Father fof the universe through Jesus Christ, what are the methods of | Interpretation that appear ight | tous who keep to the rule of | the heavenly Church of Jesos Christ through the. secession from the Apostles. That there ae certain mystical | revelations made own through the divine srptures is believed by ally even by the simplest of toe who are adherents of the ‘word but what these. revela- Tons. ate," friaminded and humble men confess. that they do not know. If, for instance, fn inguier were tobe ina eillelty, about the inter~ Course of Lat with his laughter! of the two wives of ‘Abeabom,! or the two sisters Imartied."to Jacob) or the feo hand-made who bore chil | feo. by. him. they “ean say pothing except that these things fre mysteries not understood by Se Gen XUN. 388 Gin aa, LATIN spiritual sense, bat according to the sound ofthe leer. On a Sccount we shal ty to demon: State, ao far as our moderate Sty wit perm, to thwe who Ueheve thatthe Holy Sorptores tere not conposed by means of tnerely man words but were frien under Ge iapraton of The Holy Spat and were aso handed down and etrared to te by the wil of Gd the Faber through is olen. Son Jesus Chit, vt the method ‘af interpretation. that appears fight tovts, who keep that ‘le and dhcipine delvered by Jess Chast tothe postin and ‘Soda dow by them insu Centon to their poster, the trachers ofthe heavenly Chie “Tat there te carta mystic el eebioe nate bien hough the oly "srpures Sites 1 think, by al even iy the simpler kindof Beevers; ic what thee revelations are Crof what notice they ae, 2% Stan wf minded a ot poser bythe vce of boar: Weg veil reverenty ‘confers that Nes ot ow. Te for ine ance we are ssked boat the davghiere of ot andthe Sparen lawl intercourse seth thei father o about the Tho wives of Abraham” or the to asters who were mari fo Jacoby or the two hands ‘tho teense the mum of Bi tons! what eso eam weeny than tat thee are sacraments and Bgares of spiritual things ‘eh we are ignorant of thet presse ature? See Gen, $V Tea Bat ty Cur. II] OBSCURITIES OF SCRIPTURE a7 GREEK But when the passage about the equipment of the taber~ acl read, believing thatthe UDings) decribed therein are types, they seek for ideas which they can attach to each detal that is: mentioned im connexion ‘wth the tabernacle. Now so {ara concerns thse belie that | the tabernacle sa ype of some thing: they are not wrong but in eighily attaching the word of scripture to the parila idea f Wwhich the tabernacle ie a type, here they sometimes fall into’ error. And. they delare that all naratves that are sup posed to speak shout marsage fr the begetting of children or Wars or any oer stories Wwhat- fever that may be accepted Smong the multude are types bat when we ask, of whaty then ‘Sometimes owing to the lack of thorough frxning, sometimes Sowing to rashes, and oo Sooally, even when one is well trained and of sound judgment, owing to man’s etceedngly (great difoulty” in. discovering These things, the interpretation of every det isnot altoge lear ind wat mute, ty about the prophecies, which we Ail know ace fll with riddles See od, 2. LATIN When, moreover, we read of the quent ofthe tabernacle sre bid ims certain that the Togs ‘described therein. ae gute of some hidden relies, Sarto attach thant tet propriate meanings and 10 ng to ight and ncss ech Things a Sey iia not to sa) ioe onible task “Howere as Sig t dons aot escape even he Cominon tlt that that dee Sexpton fall myseien And tion narratives whch appear to be compoed about manages the bepeing a een ot ‘rea ens fates or aay Sher stores whatever, at fis can we believe them 10 be fut the forms and. fgures of Rien and cre tng? But ‘iter becase en puto ile Stteton fo the taining of thee find or Decause they think Ihoy aleady know before they Teas the Conequeace that they sever begin know ober wise neler caress i Tecking, nor a master, aod if these Sucsons are studed as its vine, and ot merely man sates) that ism a foverent and pious spi and questions tat we hope wil jp moat cases be mae ear DY the reveation of God, since 0 han sense they are exceed ingly ciel and obscure then, pape, be who ths ees wil tins ing all that ti lawl for us to Bo "But it may possibly te supposed ‘thatthe dials ‘elngs only to he prophetm4 FIRST PRINCIPLES [Boos 1v nee! LATIN and dack sayings?" Or if we | writings, seing it i certain to ome to the gospels, the ais | all of Us thatthe prophetic style fate interpretation even of | everywhere sprinkled with hese since st isan interpre | figures and dds." What, tation of the mind of Christ, | then, when we come to. the Geman that grace that was | goxpels? Is there not ako given to him ‘who. said) “We | hidden in them an inner mean- Fave the mind of Chat, that we | ing whichis the Lord's mean ‘may know te things that were | ing, and wich i only revealed freely given to. te by Got. | through the grace that wis ‘Which things also we spel not | given to him who sai, "We have in words which, man's wisdoes : ‘mind of Chast) that we teacheth, but whieh the. Spt | may know the things that were feacheth And who, on reads | free given tous by Gol Ing. the revelations” made to | Which ‘things alo. we speak, John, could fail to be amazed | not ia words which man's 2 the oep chacuity of the une | wisdom teacheth bat wich the Speakable mysteries contained | Spit teacheth.? And who therein, which are evident even indeed, on reading the. revelar {o him who does not understand | Hons made 19 Joon, could fail twhat is written? And aa for [10 be amazed atthe deep the apostolic episle, what man | obscurity of the. unspeakable Wo i skied in teary inter: | mysteries contained therein? Detain would think them to | For even, those. who cannot Be pate and easy understood, | understand whit is concealed in win even in them tere are | he Wings yeast Towards of passages that pro- | clearly that something is ean- ide, a9 if though windows a | eealed there. And as for the Tarfow opening leading to | apostle epistles, which to some rutitide of he depst | apes fo be atl re thy thoughts ot filed with deep meanings, " So that men who can understand {he ier" meaning of divine ‘wisdom seem through they as ITihroogh some narow opening, tobe Hooded with the bightness | of rameasurale light? Seeing, therefore, that these thingn are 50, and that there are bmany” who fn this is make Seeing, therefore that these things ate so, and that thou sud of men make mistakes, it PMtangerous for us_ when we | mistakes, I do not think that ead to declare lightly that we | anyone "can without danger erstand things for which the | declare that he knows or under "rey of knowledge” is necessary, | stands those things forthe open- 1 See hoy, He 6 and Origen, Con, Cam HL gs VIL 1 weet ee ae Cup. It] THE KEY OF KNOWLEDGE a8 GREEK ich the Saviour says is wth “the lanpes’ Anda for thse ‘eho are unwiing to anit that these hen bel he tat Before the coming of Christ let thom cpl toi hw fs that out aed Jesus Chat says ta the "key af knowledge” as with them, tha iy with en who a8 thee bjetire sayy bad no Boos containing the seers of oowieige andthe alrperet syneries? “Boe the passage Tune as flows: ‘Woe nto ou Iheyers, frye have taken say the’ ‘key of knowlege. Ye fstered notin yoursves and them that were entering in ye dered 4, The right way, therefore, as it appears tous of appeos thing the sriptures and gather ing their meaning, is. the following, which is! extracted fromthe writings themselves. We find some such rule as this Inid down by Solomon in. the Proverbs eoacemning the divine doctrines writen therein: "Do thoa pourtray them threefold in ‘counsel and. knowledge, that thou mayest answer words. of tat To thse who gueson One must therfore pourtray the meaning of the sacred writ ings in a threefold way upon one's own soul, so thatthe Simple ‘man may be edied by Se Sake 2 Honky ta i a Sse ia he Gross LATIN ing of which the “key of know ledge is necessary, which ey [he Saviour sud was with those Niarned in the law And. at thie point, though by sight Aigression, Thin we should ase those who tellus thst before the coming of the Saviour the truth didnot rest with those who were Wwained ia the ly how itis that car Lord Jesvs Christ says that the "keys of ‘nowiedge’ were with those who fain their hands the books of {he law and the prophets. For he Lord. spoke as. fellows: | We to you, doctors ofthe lw, for ye have taken away the key of Knowledge. Ye entered not fn yourselves, and them that shed to enter in ye Binder.” “But, as we had begun to say, the right way, as eappenes (ous, of understanding the feriptres | and. investigating their -mesning, isthe follows Ing for indeed we ate taught ut of scripture itself how we ‘ought to think of ft. We Bnd Some sich rle as this id dows in the Proverbs of Solomon concerning the examination of Give serptore. "Do thou," it aye, ‘pourtray these thing’ 10 thyself hrefold in counsel and keowledge, 0 that thou mayest, answer words of truth to those ‘who question thee’. "Bach one must therefore pour- tray the meming of the divine wating ima threefold way upon bis own soul; that is so Uae the Simple may be edied by what Sree6 FIRST PRINCIPLES {Boor IV GREEK LATIN hat we may call te fea of | we may call the body of the the scripture this name being | scriptures (for such i the name given to the obvious interpreta | we may give to the common ‘tion; while the man who has | and literal interpretation); while ‘made some progress ‘may be | those who have begun to make fied by is soul, as it were; | a Hide progress and_are able Sad the man who is perfect and | to perceive something more Tike those, mentioned bythe | than that may be edie by the apostle: "We speak wisdom | soul of scripture’ and those who Song the petect yet a wisdom | are peefec and like the met of ‘this word, nor of the | whom the apostle says: "We ‘of this world, which are | speak wisdom among the per- Coming to. nought; but’ we | fect; yet a wisdom not of this Sprak Gods wisdom in'a mys: | world, nor of the rulers of this tery, even the wisdom that hath | world, whieh are coming’ to ‘been hidden, which God foreor- nought; but we speak Gods ‘ined before theworids unto | wiom hidden ina mystery, the ‘our glory""—this man may be | wisdom which God foreordsined feifed by the spiritual Taw | before" the worlds unto. oor Srhich has ‘a. shadow of te | glory"™—such as these may be ow! things to come’ For | edifed by that spiritual i, Fast as man consists of body, | which has'a shadow of the good oul and sprit, so in the same | things fo come'y” as if by the ‘vay does the seiptore, which Spin Just as man, therfore, has been prepared by God to | is said io consis of body, soul be given for man's salvation.” | and spit, so also does the haly Seriptare,” “which as » een bestowed by the divine bounty for man's salvation. Ts this fact that we believe tobe eeferred to in the book herd, 2 book which is despised |called ‘The Shepberd, which by some, where Hermas is bis | apparently is despised by some, den to ‘write two books’, and in the pissage where Hermas titer thie to ‘announce t0 the is bidden to "write two books", presbyters of the Church’ what |and after this to “announce 0 he has learned from the Spirit. the peesbyters of the Church’ Thisis the wording’ "Thou shalt what he has learned from the write two books, and shalt give | Sprit. It is writen in. these ‘one to. Clement and one’ to | words: “Thos sbalt write two Cape. And Grapte shall ak | books, and shalt give one 10 ‘monish the widows and the Clement and one to Grapte- And Srphans. But Clement shall Grapte shall admonish the Send to the cities without, and | widows and the orphans, but We therefore read in_this Tight the passage in The Shep- Si Con W678 Rom VIL ag *See Heb uae. 11] ‘THREEFOLD MEANING an GREEK LATIN thou shalt anaounce tothe pre: | Client is t0 send though all ‘bytes ofthe Church the ees that ae withost and tow shal announce tothe pres: bytes of the, Church Now Grapte, who admonishes | "Now Grape, whe” isbidden pee moa angen | ton te ran sd fare leter, whish admonishes | widows, the bare meaning of {hose child souls that are not yet | Ye lte, By which cid seal sieto care God as ther Father | who have ‘not yet deserved Sind re'on ths sccunt called | have God for their Father and ‘phan, and whieh also ado: | are on ‘ites those who wile no Songer | orphans, ‘Ssocuting, with the lawl | wows are thse who have dex iridegroot “ave in widowhood | parted from the wicked husband Menino "they"“have aot yet | 0 whom they had been snted come worthy of the tue oe | contrary tothe law but remain But Clement, wo has already | widows because they have aot gone beyond the letter, is sakd | Yet advanced to the point of fovsend the sayings tothe cies | beng united othe heavenly witowty ap HD sayy tothe | riegroom Clement i Bdden Toute that are otside i bodily | to send the sayings to those who Und lower thoughts; whic ihe | are already departing from the iis ofthe Spt biden to | ete, into he “ies that a ‘ingunce the mesagein person, | Without as if to 9, tothe to longer through letters but | souls which by mesa’ ofthese through ving wordy 19 the | sayings have begun to be ul presbytrs oF lies’ of the | UP into a conditon superior to Soe ‘Church of ‘Got, to ae | the eaten ofthe body and the Who ave grown grey through | desires of the flesh. Hermas Miotom NT AT NOME | set i. Bidden to announce wthat he has leaned from the Fly Spit, not through eters or through book bt by the |Tisiag woke," to the presyters of the Church 'of Chest, hat | 5 to tose who, oving to thie | espacity to receive spiel | tig, pup Endo 5 But since there are certain | "5 Bute must certily ot patsages of scxiptire whieh a8 | forget that there are some tre shall show im what fllws, | passages of seripture in which ave no boy sense ta there | His that we eal the boy th 1 Hemas, Yur U4, 5, leans std Cheat of Aan ah (eal te Church fo eral cour tt ad fala oie We fy te tine ot Jeome (Dee Kpa8 FIRST PRINCIPLES [Boos 1V GREEK LATIN tre eresins whine mat | he gel and Se me Sick fr he soul andthe ngs oe fn et Sin sere, of te pu: | wi wat foes andere Bre" Aadlpoy the th | renee he sess Teo ye nateet why | ng wit we hae al he Siac ead ie gle sna: | 0d th pn re ane 0 ASylfns ae sd to bet | beh fort 'T Beko hat Bee eke poring of te |e at indeed nthe Jews, et fan ee | gap when swat re Ene apne’ Te inne | dt eet ens epee nies to thous who are dy | fing teow iettpost abs Jews sar | Goon tee Bins ape iis at weastae sae | Hes T's the gence Fosse oe toda he | the rsp sins seo pares ehh copa is | hse whe eed by the cent iss Bk’ tat | pst be Jews nwa Ta Spa te nal cig | se to ea it tee are ZadPSptial acanngs a | ed tveagh the word ot fastages pss alin | Rone tet, by ac Miceidemeni shoal | ing the sol anne ane se can cpl | pit esta Slane SP aint heer Paa | Sih nat ne 85d ove aed Gx‘ may senaaty| ther cle thee’ a Thue oxen ‘te bene | the fending so tetas Mike which ont | flee ofthe ees Rie ie sayy pet |e toi eanngs nama he “ee fora oo Ans tes "rappel ennca Sint tne wh ae beng fie “we niga Sil Boe we read ht 5 So nd at ahh wee Entei dys wi Spenser! 6. Tht itis posible to de |” S Hw vale there is ste un ro i ey nd | inh ae mea eh is eaten eg measogs | ne ala ead ses ‘Mins by tend ot | tess by he entre made nce “and sgl bebe. [of thwe' tales sh Scop eet a tes tan Pye a en ESAT Hi gn at phi mares anielh Ba ee fei ete Sas ogee Sees bane Scie fe ab ee as fee Saha tars ‘Be aye a eal per = (Cup. 11] SOUL AND SPIRIT OF SCRIPTURE 279 OREEK But of the kind of explanation | the faith quite trostflly and which peneteates ax it were to | simply; and this needs no long {he soul an istration i found | argument because itis obvious fo Paul's Sst epstle to the | to a. But of the kind of exe Corinthians. "Foe" he says, 't | planation which we bave spoken ierwritten; thou shalt not meazle | of above asthe soul ast were, the ox tht treadeth out the | of Scipture, many ilstrations fcorn', ‘Then in explanation of | are given us bythe apostle Pal, this law he ads "Is it forthe | as) Tor example fet ofall in foxen that God careth? Or | his epistle to the Corithins, Sith he it altogether for oue | "Fox', he says, "it i. writen; ‘Ske? "Yea, for our sake itwas | thou thal not mule the ox that ‘writes, because he that ploweth | Weadeth out the con." Then in ‘ought to plow in hope, and he |explising how this precept that theesheth, eS. 1S be understood, he LATIN shoo Ano ete ge ‘ho"inergretation ape to | God careth? “Or sith he it the mulitie wich areim cre |llogther for our sake? Yea, ina wih ef tse mo four sae as wit Sioa" er | en tht wet oo teatings hve someting ofthe | plow in ope, and he that Sime character * esheth, to thresh in hope of tertating Morven aay She aie pangs hich re Inept i i mame? ot oF the to, impute west Snssoto Tne who est ten Buti 6 spits expla | Bt a spina explanation tin then’ oe able eto | He tis when ons ae oP hat” Rha oP seaesy | show of what “ren tgs thing’ the Jews ater the es: | tose who ae Jewr "after he SOME cipy anda shadow, | Aes serve atopy aga nd of win ‘good ‘ings | shaw and of chat good She tne Hea hndow' | gy fo tome” the law fon A angel "we | iw ay” te we, acoder wh he | mere f thi Kind hich may "ri ak ae | fod Be a the windom hat hah bets hd. |wndom hid 3 mystery, fen, whch God fread | which God foreordan bee tetore te words ant he ly” | the words nto our gy, whch {Tite gta which none a | wove othe rs os wor sett Gt BE 1 (Oat AV. Far te sme gettin in a MP eh Vile g2Roms Wg Hes, x.280 FIRST PRINCIPLES: [Boor 1V GREEK the rules of this world knew’. ‘The same apostle also says somewhere, “after mentioning ‘certain narratives fom Exosas and Numbers that "these things happened nto them figurative: Iyy aad they were writen for ft sake, upon whom the ends Of the ages. are come.” He Sls gives hits 10 ow what these things “were Bgures of, When he says: "Fue they drank ff that spiritual rock that fotlowed them, and that rock was Christ” In smother epintle when oxt= Ting the arrangements of the tabernacle he quotes the words: "Thou salt make all things sccording to the igre that ws Showa thee in the mount Further, ia. the este to. the Galatians, speaking in terms of preach to those who eleve that they-are reading the law find yet donot understand it, fnd laying it down that they ‘who donot believe that thee are allegories inthe writings 80 hot underetand the aw, be say Tell-me, ye that deste to be tuner the aw, do ye not heat the liv? For iis writen, that Abrahams had to sons, one by the handed and one bythe {ce woman. Howct the son Dy the handmaid Is horn alter the es but the son by” the free woman is born through pro: aise. Which things contain an allegory; for these women nee two. covenants! and what LATIN oon of ak the meaning of the sime apostles sttement, when he mies ane of cerath Mistaton from Exodis a Numbers aod saya tat “ese {Bing happened at dem Bea tates, amd hey were writen for oa sake, spon whom the cos the aes are ome Std. when be" afods ur aa Spportunty "of “understanding tow we ean arn of wht host ents tat happened to them Stee gues, By ying, "For he drank of tha apa ook ‘st follomed thes ad ta Fock wae Christ ‘Moreover in anotherepisle ‘mentions tht command about the tabernacle wich was. ene sled pon Moses: "Thou sa Ike all ogy scoring to the Tigre that as shove hee in themoun "And when weting {0th Galtians and reronhing some who bleve they are ead ing the law aed yet do nt tnderstand it eens they Se aware that there “are Siegores i thet writings he furs has ina tone of te Bakes "Talim, ye ne esr tore unr the ly do ye not tar he aw? For sien that Abas had to sons oe by the handmad and one By the fre woman How be who Sas torn of the anda Som acraing to the Rest, but te ofthe fret woman wat bor acconting to promise. Which ‘hing contin tn allegory. For these are tbe two cena? nd) what follows, Here we $Se Cin tg fe Coe Kn Cn Keg SH VE (eho KAW. gh Cm. 1] SHADOWS OF THE TRUE 28 GREEK follows. Now we must care folly mark each ofthe words spoleen by him. He says, "Ye thst desire to be under the Law" {ot "ye that are unde the a) {to ye st hear the law? hear: ing being taken to mean under- standing’ and knowing. “An in the epstl othe Close Imatig he nie sen meaning of the entie system of the law, he says: “Let'no man therefore judge you in meat or in drink or in cexpect of a feast ‘day oe anew moon or sabe bath, which area shadow of the things to come." Further, in the epstle t0 the Hebrews, when discoursing “about those ‘eho are of the ecumesion he Writes: "They who serve hal ‘whichis a copy and shadow of the heavenly tings.” Now i is probable that those who have fone admitted chat the aportle {sia divinely inspired man will feel no ditiulty in regard tothe five books ascribed to, Moses; Dut in regard to the rest of the History they desire to leara whether those events also “hap: pened figuratvely.*” We must ote the quotation in the epstle 1 the Romans: "have let for ise seven thousand men, who have sot bowed. the lace t0 Beal," found in the third book of the Kings. "Here Paul has taken it to stand for those who are Isat ‘acconding to lew tion for not only are the gen- tiles benefit by the coming of Christ, but slso some whe belong to the divine race Goh Th a6 pt eh oe Kings Bie LATIN must aso observe this point, fw carefuly the apostle says, "Ye that desire to be under the law (and no, ye that are under the Haw") "ae ot hear the lew?" Do ye ot hae? hat do ye nots understand and ion’? Moreover in the epistle 1o the Colossians he iely sums up and condenses the meaning of the ete lw and ayes “Let mn lr oe 30 Solemn days of a sew moon or sabbath whieh ae a shadow ‘oF the thage to come:* Ako ‘hea igo te Hshewe fod discoursiag” aboot those tho areof the siccinisin he Says They "who serve. that ‘which i a copy and shadow of Ihe eweniy things" But probably “through the above Examples those sho accept the fsponte'swetings as. divinely itepred. wil fee ao, dob iy regard. to the ve ook of Moses. “regard to the rest of ‘the story however, they ‘wil ask whether the events Felted therein may ano be sd to have ‘happened fgurativel™ to those abou whom they are weitten, We notice tha this Point hasbeen spoken of in the fine to the Romany. where the apostle takes an station from" the thin! boot of the Kings which says "I have tft for sil seven thosand men, sho hws not bowed the hes to Baal "This Paol takes as Spoken figuratively of those who ae called Tracts “according 6S kattz z LATIN to election," in order to show {hat the coming of Christ was tenefal not) only to. the ents but alo to very many Stthe race of Tare who have ‘een called to salvation 7. This being so, we must | "7" This being 20, we shall couline what setmns tou 10 be | nc olive the mance which the marks of a true understand: | divine sripure should be unde, ing of the serptores” And in | sipod on these several pots, the frst place we mist pont out | using ‘such ilstatons and that the aim of the Spit who, | examples as may occur to Us boy the providence "of God | And nthe fst place we must rough te Word who was "in | cll co mind and point ut that the beginning with God"? en: | the Holy Spirit, who by the Fghtened the servants of the | providence and” wil of God sft he propa | rag the power of ho posts, was’ pre-minenty con | begotten Word who was in tl Emed "with “the unspeakable | Deyianing with God? eng fnysteres ‘connected withthe | ened the servats of the tat, Bair of men—and by men {| that is, the prophets and tment the present” someot | apostle” (withed above. all to Sous hs ma eof fo | Md tint he nde iis purpose being tat the man | the mysteries connected wit trio's capable of being taught | those afaes and ches which TRME byeseavehing out and | concen. the tives nd relation= ttn Ha he ‘ec | ships of es By men Tn hinge’ revened inthe spetal | at the present. moment sou ner ot the wort become | that ace ate bodes partite ofall the dates of | These" mysteries which were fre Spirit's counsel. rade Keown and revealed 0 them by the Spit, the props portrayed gorativey hough the narration of what seemed t0 bre human decds ‘and the hand ing down of cera legal or fnees and precepts. The aim tras, that aot everyone who Irished should have these Iysteres kd before hia fet {© trample epoe" but that they ‘Should be forthe mun who had ‘devoted Himself to studies of 1S Rom RL g Soe Sal Be BSS Pe TE a Te Sit arta beeing fom, the Latin ttl pt, osc nla et Bsa ae it OREEK LATIN this kid wit the utmost paisy nd sobriety and through rights St watehings by which tans puchance Re might beable to race et the “Geely biden | iting of the Spit of Go, once under the ngage of Sn orinary erative. ich points in ifereatsretion, fa that so he might become share of the Spits knowlege and a paraker of bs dine And when we speak of the |For ia no other way ean the set tous, who. anoot | soul each the pelection Slhrwise reach perfection ex: | Knowledge’ encept by icing cept through the ch and win | inspire wih the rath of the teat abst God, we attach of | dae wim, "Therefore it aecenity preeminent importance | chely th doctine alos Go, tothe donne coacernog Got | hat fy abut the Father, Sor fal His onpegoten Sony of | and Holy Spt whi i ing ‘hat ature the Son ad is | cated by the en who, were ‘hat manner he can be the Son | fled with “the “ine Sp OF God snd what are the causes | Then, Yoo, the mysteries feat ot his descending to the Tere af | ng "9°" Son God, oman “esh and compccly | how the Word became Nes seagate what reno ae So, ithe natura bis activity, | went to th Ingth af “akin nd towards whom and at wba | Upon him the erm, of eae times iis exerdned. Te'was | ant? hve aso bee gas scessary, too, that the doe |v by those who were fle, {ines concerning beings akin fo | as we Bove sid, wih the diving tian and the rea of te rational | Spin. After tat it. followed reatures, both those that re [of note that they. shock ‘erer the vine” and those | sree the ace of moral en that have fallen from Bisse: | by divine teaching ‘concering ress, and the causes of the fall | ational weatures both heaven, ofthese later, shoek be cud | and eat the’ more esc ‘inthe secunts ofthe divine | andthe ler ones ake nnd teaching; andthe qestn of | abo concerning the dference thedierence etwesn souls and | between sul and ow "these how thse difreners rey and | dfcrences ase and then the what the work i and’ why it | question what this word sand testy, and further tow’ it | why ie was made, tn forthe Comes about ‘that evil 30 | bow it comes abeat that ei 1 See PRL TL24 FIRST PRINCIPLES [Boos 1V GREEK | LATIN widespread and o_tenile on | so widespread and sterile on hr and whether te ot ony | earth, and whether i i fund {ore found on earth but als | enon earth ci some other tthe ‘place all hs was | places as well~al his i was feessry tnt we abou ltr, | pevesary that we sould arn from tbe dine teaching Now wile tes and sais)” But whe way the inten- tar sbjets were in the ind | San of the oly Spit to eo OF the ‘Spit "who "enightene | lighten. oly toa who had the woul tthe oly servants of | devoted themselves othe Ser {he truth, there wae a second | ice of the uth, 09 these and fim, pars forthe sake of | sia subject tere"was in thove wo were unable to endure | the seond place another aim in the “burden of investigating | ww, namely that forthe sake trers of sich “importance | of auch ay ether could not or ‘Tis was to conceal the doctine | would not eve themalver op 10 {eltog to the belocementoned | ls abou and industry i oder thbjectin word forming ama | to prove, themetes omy af ‘athe. that cotined record | being taht and cming fo alng with the wile ration, | Know mates of such value and the, Mation of man and the | Importance, the Spit should Siccessve dewendants of the | wrapup aad conceal within se human beings unt the time | Gary ngage ander cover of then they became many; aid | Some historical record o account Uso ule stories Gat eco | of yale things eetan sect tithe act of rghteos en and | mysteries. "Theze intron the sins that these sine ten | therefore an “acount of the easionally commited, sing | wnt cretion a ofthe forme they were bat many and the | on aad fashoningf the frst Aces of wickednes, centios:| man, and then of the descend test and greed done by less | an tat flow "succession Sod inpows men ftom. him There are alo fecordl eatin acts performed By ites men aed cxsion- ty, ton, ment mae of Sav theve same men commited, Secig” they were but Suman; Ind then iso a considerable fren ofthe “centioas ad Wicked deeds of impious men sre ceed ut the most wonderful thing | "Ina wonderful manner, 100, is that by means of stoves of | an aoount af wars presente, teas and the Conquerors and | andthe diferent fortunes now They conquered “catain secret | of the conquerors, now of the truths are reveled to thse | conguered are dere, and by Miho are cape of examining | this means, to those who know une. 11] ‘TRUTH IN TALE, 8s GREEK these narratives; apd, even LATIN how to examine writings of this ‘more marvellous, through a | kind, certain unspeakable myse Weriten system of law. the Tews of truth are propheticaly Indicated all these having beet ‘ecorded ia a series with a power teries “are. reveled, Further, bya marvellous example af wisdom, in the writings of the Jaw the la of tath i implanted ‘which is truly appropriate tothe | and prophetcally indicated; and ‘rsd of God. Por the inten: | all these are by the divine sil on wt to make eve te outer covering of the spiritual truths, mean the bodily part of the seriptures, ia many Fespects not Unproftable but capable of fm | body of holy sriptuce nd wisdom woven together to form a Kind of outer coveting 2d et for spon meanings, tech is what we meant by the ‘eth the proving the multitude in s0 far | result that even through this as they ceceive it hat we have called the outer toverng ofthe ete, woven by the-art of wisdom, very many Fenders maybe eid and mae progress, who other could ot bos. 6, Butif the usefulness ofthe | "9. But if in every detail of law and the sequence and ease of the. narrative mere at fst this outer covering, that iy th ne that is, the factual history, the sequence of ght clearly discernible cough | the law had been preserved and ‘out, we should be unaware that | its oder maintained, we sould thete was anything beyond the | have “understood the scriptures ‘obvious meaning. for''ss to |in an unbroken course, and tinderstand inthe scriptures. Consequently the Word of God has arranged for certain stumble Ingablocs, as i were, andi dtsnoes and inpossilis to be inserted inthe midst of the law tnd the history, in order that ‘we may not be completely drawn aay by the shee attractiveness of the language, and so ether jest the trae doctrines abso- Iutely, on the ground that we Iearn’ from” the scriptures nothing worthy of God, or else by never moving aveay from the lexer fail to len aaything of the move divine element. should certainly "not have be- lieved. that. there was any- thing else buried. within them Deyond what was indicated at a first glance." Consequently the divine wisdom has for certain tumbing-backs aod interruptions of the Mstoial Sense to be found therein, by inserting inthe midst a number ‘of inpossbliies and incongea |e, in order thatthe very inter ruption of the narrative migit fas it were preseat a barrier to the reader and lead im #0 ce- fase to proceed along the pathway of the ordinary mean- Ing? and so, by shutting us out find. debating” us from that right real us co the beginning286 FIRST PRINCIPLES [Boos Iv GREEK And we must also know this that beeause the principal Wess to announce the conn hat existe among spiritual events, those that hve already Inppened and those hat are yet tortome to pass, whenever the Word found tht things which had happened in history could be armomeed with these mystical events he used them, concealing, from the mittude their deeper meaning. But wherever in the Iarrtive the accomplishment of ‘ome particular deed, which had then presiausly recorded for the tke 6 their ‘more mystical meanings, aid not correspond with the sequence of the Tel Itc troths, the scripture wove into the soe) something which Aid not "happen, occasionally Something’ which could pot happen, ad occasionally some- thing hich might have happes- fel but in fact did ot Some times afew words are iaserted hich i dhe Bodily sense are not fue, and. at other times fester number. [A similar set can be is cerned also inthe he, here Ep often. posible 10" find 2 ot that sel for its ov Rite and suitabe toe time fren the law as. given Scmctines, Bowesery the p= tcp, does, ot appa to. be theta At “abet times even LATIN ‘of another way, and_ might thereby bring’ us hough the entrance of 8 aarrow footpath, {or higher and loterrosd and lay" open the immense breadth of the divine wisdom. Ande must also know this, that besnise the aim of the Holy Spirit wae ehily 10 pre- serve the. connexion” of the Sprtual meaning, both in. the things that aze_yet to be done land in those which have already ‘yeen accomplished, whenever Be found that things which bad teen done in history could be Tarmonised. with the spiritual meaning, be composed’ ina Single narrative a texture com- Dsing both kinds of meaning, ays, however, concealing the feeret sense more deeply. But wherever the record of eds that had been dove could. not bbemade to corespond with the Sequence of the spitual truths, fhe inserted occasionally sme decd of ess probable chare fister or which could not have Ibappened at al, and oceasonally some which might have happen- fh but in fact id not, Some- times edocs this by a few ‘words, which io their bodily ‘Sense do not appear capable of containing truth, and at other ine Bering 2 ge “This is found to happen part- calariy in the lave, where there fee many things which as tral Precepts are clearly useful, but flso a considerable umber in Which! 0 principle of uilty whatever i. disclosed wile Sometimes “even” inpossibiites sre detected. All this, as we Guar, I] DIFFICULTIES OF SCRIPTURE 387 GREEK impossbilities are recorded in the law forthe sake ofthe more skilful and inquiring ceaders, in ocder that these, by ing themselves tothe tol of examine Ing what is writen, maj" gala ‘sound conviction ofthe acces Sly of seeking in tu instances st meaning worthy of God, [And not only di the Spirit sper the wings which free povots to the coming af Chit but because he the Same Spit and process om {ie one God he has dealt ike ions wihe gol ad the rings of the apts. For the Mary even of these te not everywhere pure, tents ing: woven togeer' io the thy “ense woot having tilly happened nor do" he {nw andthe ormandments con {acd thers entirely declare wat is resonable LATIN have sai, the Holy Spt Sipe, inorder that in ates where that which appeared St the frat glace could either ‘i tenor uf we shold be Ison to. search fora trl ape down and neling tore Cereal examination and should {iy to dncover inthe septres ‘eich ee ebeve toe iepited By Gol meaning worthy of oa “And. not only did the Holy Spit serine the rings which mere previous to. the Coming of Chiat bet ecase Wie ee andthe same. Spit Sd proceeds fom the one Go hae i ed {0 the gumpels andthe wrngs of Be Spondes, “For even the Carenven which Reape through them were ot woven fogetir ‘without the spel ot ‘Oar wisdom of his, theatre of which me explsined. above. dao happens Bat even in them he Spin hs ming no © things by whch the ie oa ode of the narative fs interapedand broken mith he cope of tuning and cling hE Scto he ede y the impossibityof the tera fener oa extminaion of the inner eaiag,CHAPTER 11 GREEK LATIN sine sue | Teuvsreanioss owt Te ‘x oAVine Soar | ScwuPTURES OF “THE METHOD IN fore avo 18 (urossiaix or | wncw Sceprvxe. SMOULD mm 1. Now! what man of intelic | 4. But i onder to learn be scence wil bee tha te Sst | truth of what we sy fom the Sin he. seuon andthe the | facts thomseve, Tete oom ny, and he evening andthe | examine the aeteal passages of snoring exited without the sun | seuptre. What man of inte hd moon and stars? And that | igence, ask, wil consider the Ast ays if we ray 50 eal |acennabe iemeat that the ittgas even witout s haven? [frst andthe second. and. the Nod who is so ily as to be- | third day, in which there are fee that Gos after the manner | said to be both morning and of farmer, “plated a paradise | evening, existed without sun and ‘hatward in Eden and set in it | moon and stars, while the Rt tie sand pulpal tee of | day was even without a heaven? iter of such ort that any- | Aad who eould be found so sly fe’ who" tasted its frit wih | a5 to. believe that’ God, after Rua tenth would gain ies | the manser ofa farmer, “planted find aga that one could. pare ee in a paradise exstard in take of ood and evi? by tas. | Een’, and\st therein a tre of testing foe fat taken from the [fey that is, a visible and tree ofthat name?" And when | palpable tre of wood, of such (Go ssid to walle ia the pare | ® sort that anyone who ate of| tive inthe col of the day" and | this tre with body teeth would ‘Adam to ide himself behind | gain life; and again that any- tees [donot think aayone | ne who ate of another, tee ‘will doube that these are Bgura- | would get a knowledge of ‘good The expressions which indxate [and evi"? And further, when ovale. mpsterien through a | God is said. to ‘wall in the Semblance of history and not | paradise in the evening” and rough actual events ‘Adam to hide himself behind a | tree Ido not thine anyone wil, hig setece to aon war) te fond in Jan Bp. a Memmi $59. Roth aks Fag 2 Soto. it Pn, Lg lag, 1, La Tom el ‘fan gave? “1 . Cu III] METHOD OF INTERPRETATION 289, GREEK Further, when Cain “goes out feom the face of God Ht seems eae to thought fl men that {is statement’ impels the feader to inguite what the “face fof God’ is and how anyone ean go oat” from it And what sore need Tsay, when those ‘who are not alogetier blind ean Collect thousnods of such ine tances, recorded as actual fevents," but” which id not Ihappen erally? Even the gospels are full of passages of this kind, as when the devil takes Jesus up into a igh mountain’ in. order. t0 show fim from thence "the Kingdoms of the whole. world dnd the glory of them’ For ‘what man ‘who does nat read uch passages carelessly would {iil t0 condemn those who be- lieye that with the eye of the fleshy which requiees a great Ieight to enable us to perceive that is Below and at our feet the Kingdoms of the Persians, Scyehuns, Tedians and Parthi> fans were seen, and the manner in which their rulers are lor fi by men? And the careful feader sil detect thousands of other passages Uke this in the fospels, which wil convince im hat events which did not take place at all are woven to the LATIN doubt that these statements are ‘made by scripture in a Sgure- five manner, io order «that hroagh them certain mystical truths. may be indicated “Again, when Cain "goes out from the face of God, the state rent clearly impels a thought fal reader to inquire what the ‘Yuce of God? gy and bow any fe cain “go out” fom it But fot to extend anduly the work tre have. in hand, it is quite fray for any one. who wills t9 let rom the boly sriptures fastances that are recorded as factual events, but whieh Tt ‘mould be Inappropriate and un feasonable to believe could pose Shy have happened in history. “This. kind of scripture ie 10 ‘ve found in considerable abund= fanoe even ia the gospels, 28 trhen the devil is sid to have Taken esos up iato a high ‘mountain’ inorder to show him from thence ‘all the Kingdoms of the world and. the glory of then"? "How could it possibly have appenediterally ther that the devil should have ed Jesus up int. high mountain fr that to his fesly eyes he Should have shown all he King thom. of the word a5 if they were Iying clove to the foct of 2 single mountain, the kingdoms for instance of the Persians, SQithians and Indians, and ip sition, the manner in. which the alts of these kingdoms are Blorifed by men. Ané the dir Bent reader” wil Sod inthe Zovpels very many other 1 Se Gen, IV. 36 an lo, De foster. Cain BES Shae VE TSG «2p FIRST PRINCIPLES [Boos 1v GREEK LATIN records of what literally di | passages lke this, from which happen |The may learn hat among those arratves bic appear to be recorded erally there ae ine (Sete and interwoven voters |e ctonot be. aesepted a8 [Mistry ‘bat wie comtain “a Spit mean 2 And to come tothe Mosse | "85 "Moreover i the passages legislation, many of the las, 50 leonaiing the laws” similar fran thelr teal cbseevance is | things ae fund. Inthe Mosaic nce, are clay iratinal | law itis ordered that ‘every Westies are imponil. | mae who fas not een cecum Tan ‘example’ of tration | che on the igth day ts to be the profbition to et values, | destroyed"? which is most ik fecing that nobody even inthe | Jogi sioe ifthe law were Stora amine wan eve ven by | ineant Yo be eatied out accor want tothe exteeity of eating | ing’ to the letter, the proper these eeatures! And in regard | course would certaily be 10 to the command that children of | order the punishment of the fight days oll who are role ‘who bad not circtime ‘incised “shall be destayed | Gred their chile or heal from among ther people’ it | shove who were boaging up the the'taw reltng (o\ thee shit | lide ones But ae i is the ten were ely ean to be |secptre aye? ‘A\mae that fs ‘vied out accoring. 10" he | ancrcumcised, that ih "wl iter, the proper course woul! | shall at be ercumeise onthe eto order the death of ther | cghth day, shal be destroyed {ares or those ty whom they | fom among hin people” were beng. boughs up. But si athe Senptre says very male tha inurl tied who shall not be eure Siel’ on the eighth day, shall We detoped from among. his ie? Phd i you would tke to see | And if w some inate that are em | wth feted inthe lay eeu ober | tetion that) the geakstag! which [eal he goat are to look for mponsible, we ide of 30 anal tgs! which cane SLs. Xl of Riou a etal this exile Ho de Sh 33 Go var 4} See Lib Sian st into MSS. of he Sop Deu, XIV. g. The trgelopies was a atte aia eine ny Grek wer, at (et Nive aey dann eho or par nob (ie intinge: Dis flan, ak, Pa Cup. 111] IMPOSSIBILITIES IN SCRIPTURE 91 GREEK ) LATIN Moses commands us to ofer in | not possibly exis, but which sacrifice as a clean animal is | Moses allows fo be eaten among creature that eanoot possibly | the clean animals; while as 10 ist; while as to the geifing | Uhe grin! which the lawgivee ‘hich the lawgiver forbids tobe | forbids to be eaten, there 8 00 fate, there is mo record that it | record of knowledge that it has hs ever fallen foto the ands | ever fallen into the hands of fof man. Moreover ia egard to | man. Moreover in regard to the celebrated sabbath a care: | the celebrated observance of the fat Teader il sce atthe | sibath be speia ths: Ve command, “Ye shall sit each one | shall st each ne ia your dele in your dwellings; it none of lings; no one shall move om you go out from bis place on | his place on the sabbath day" fhe sabbath day,” fan impoe: | It is certainly impossible foe leone to observe literally for | this to be observed tert no living ereatare could it for | for 90 man ean sit for @ whale whole day and not move from | day so as never 10 move from Is sea. the place where he is siting. ‘Consequently the members of | To-deaing with these various the seeumcsion and all those | pints the members of the cir= who maintain that nothing more | eumcsion and all’ those. who than the actual wordigg ts sige | Maintain that ia the holy rifled mate no inquiry whatever | sriptares nothing isto. be nto some matters, sich as the | understood beyond the measing gontning, the grifin and thew | of the letter, think that no ins ttre, wise on other they babble | qury need be made concerning copiously, bringing forward ie: | the goatstag, the griir and less traditions a for instance | he vulture but in regard vite they aa} in reference to | the sabbath they produce certain {he sabbath, that each ian’s | vain and tiling fables drawn ‘place’ is two thousind cuits? | from some traditional source or Others, however, amoog whom | other, and allege that exch is. Dositheus the Samaritan, | man’s “place” is reckoaed a fondem such an interpretation, | extending to two thousand Sd believe that in whatever | cubits Others, however, position a nan is found on the | among whom is’ Dositheus the Ecbbath aye should remain | Samaritan condemn interpreta thre antl evening ind, ad yet Sse ay Late XE as De I Seo Names HARV. 5. Te Toma ofan ae at ia Somtiag which minal an etcetera Ang Oven sp eee2 FIRST PRINCIPLES [Boox 1V GREEK 1 LATIN sill mote ridiculous, namely, hat in whatever postore oF Place or poston amin i ound | the sath day he should ‘main therein evening hat USNs he should all the day ori Tying down, be | should i"down’ all the dey. Frter, the command ‘aot to | "Further, the command a 0 cary burden on the sabbath | cary burden on the saath «ay mponsbi; and on ths | day seem tome. to be a Scéount "the teaches ofthe |Impossibe one. For in conse: Jews have indsiged in endless | quence. of thse words, the tater, asserting at one id | fencer af “the: Jews have tects burden, but snotber | become, involved i endss SS ty ath sindal with | aber as the hay poste says aie fa burden, but one with: |astting that fis nee recone fut nails is ot and that what | as'a Barden if a man ae carried on one shone a | shos without al Bot tat Barden but ot what i carried | fea burden if he wears goes on both vith nas and” deomng. frien i's man caves Some: {hing on oe shoulder, but noe aon he ease ton fh 3.1 now we approach the | "31 now we seek for sgcpel in seach of amar is |silar Instance fom the Stances,"what ‘cin be- more | gomel, bow can it seem ane ievtioal Wan the’ command’ | ing but, abound to anes. ‘Siiute no an by the way'? | Heraly the saying! Sette no weap pl tw hat | man bythe wa Thi fom the Sivodr enjoined upon the | ever, is what simple Spontes? Agim, t0 speak of | suppose’ that our Setoue Be the right cheek being stack’ | jned upon the" apostles ont eis, ior” wey | Parte, “Bow ol! be Sire, unless he ser from | posible, especial in hoe Some unnatural defer, srkes|Coutnis here the Hitemess the elt ches with his righ | of winter fs accentaned bye hand. And itis impossible to | frosty to ohserve the precept cept the prcept rom the | that's maa’ should wot posses towel about the "ight eye that |fmo_ cont, oe ay host tien; for granting the poss | Agen, what shall we Say of thy ofa person beng ‘oes: | the command. that “arpone sd" through his sense of aight, | srkes es onthe right bee we Sie Jey RVI ak * Se he XS Se Mat Soha Ser! ate Xe (Cur, IT] DIFFICULTIES OF THE LETTER 93, GREEK how can the blame be atribsted to the right eye, when there are to eyes that see? And ‘what ‘man, even supposing he aecuses Nimsel of Tooking en a woman to list alter bee" and atibutes the blame to his ight eye alone, ‘would set rationally if he were to east this eye away? Farter, the apostle lays down this precepts "Was any called being creumeised? Let im fot become uncircumcised? Now in the fest place anyone ‘who. wishes can se that these ‘words ve no relation to the Subject in hand; and how can ‘we help thinking that they have been inserted at random, when we. remember that the apostie |g: here laying down precepts bout marrage and purty? Ta the second place who will maine tain that it is wrong for a:man te put himself into. condition of tncircumesio, if that were Possible, in wew of the disgrace whic is fet by most people to tach to Gcumelion? 4. We have mentioned all these instances with the object Df sowing tht the aim of the Uivine power which bestowed on Lans are fo fer tim thee one Seeing ara nan who cite ght and Site he let con? As or ite eying fn he gong “ie thy ghee 12 pleted ot th mt be ‘ated ang the inp teas or een wegen tat tis toyen offs how exh IS gil when tot eye see nate the Dae of She afer tone ot and that the neh ont OF she Said ousted inneent of Tipo sede cone iff ne toy ‘ade ml? ik peng teeters of Pal the apse Wi spc belt fom tse ian Yet Shae he meg ‘Shing Wa any eae eng SEE 12 fn no be Save ureuncecd Now in She at pce fou cose the saying eat dass psn tbe eed to the ste je cies sposte tad in Ceara he wat uying dove presse about mange and frig, and on sch najert Se ord. n ueion woul ceraiy tem (0 be tse fous ton. athe end face, ‘eat tjson “col three fin ede to aval te igre whch comes en tag Temocoed,# aan nore Sotho teeone waenmalt inked pce, ceria Sa etry impo 4. We. have enone all she stan wi te bjt Sf sowing tat te a of he Hay” Spy who" deg to 1 Soe Mat, Ve af 9s SVM ge Cor VIL Be Mae va24 FIRST PRINCIPLES: [Boor 1v GREEK LATIN ss the oly serptres snot that | bestow on 8 the divine serge tre should scree only what | rey i nt the maybe ound inthe eter} for occ | ied hy the eter alone te fn Sonaly'the records taken in| every eave by tat aly for'we ital sense ‘ae ot trey bt | ssogone tha the keter is often ‘cay absurd and innpostib, | impossible and incasistent wth fd even with the history that | Half that fy tha things tally happened the leg: | ony rational bat ve pose inton that ts itera seve | sible are scestonally seth etal there are other matters |by i; but that we ae trae intersoren that with this external story ae interwoven certain other maters whic, when considered and Sompeehended in ther ivard tmeaing, prove us wih ai which ose tomes aed worthy of Go Bat someone _may_sappose | Tht seme may spect thatthe former statement refers | of saying thi that Doane we tovall the scripture, and may | suppose tat Some of thy spe spect sof saying tht beemse | tral history id) wot Rape, Sime of the hbtry ant | we donot we that anya iappen, therefore none of it | happened’ or that bec we fappencd;"'and’ becuse a [milan that some precepts of Cerin, law "We icrational or | the iw cannot be ke acco imposible when taen Mera, | ng tothe eter those that, Artore no laws ought to be | in gard to whch ithe casos pt to the leer; of thatthe [or the possbiey ofthe ease evade ofthe Seniors ie are | oot ait of tert oboe tof tein phynieal sens; or | vane, therefore na precepts of {hae 'na lw oF commandment of | the lew are valid acordng f0 his ought fo be obeyed, "We | the letter; ofthat we donot iust assert therfory tat in| Bleve that the vents fur gard to some things owe are | Saviours fe ocurred in ‘Seany aware thatthe histor | pysea tenses r that Bi pee fact is teuey se that Abraham | ets ought not to be obeyed tens Dried inthe double caveat erly. We mts rep hee: Fshron togesher with oan and | fre, that te pefety obvious cod and One we of each of 10 Us that in mest istnces the thom: and that Shc eo he tal ed {Even as portion fo Jovephy | cat at ought to be preserved Sint that Jervalem fe de ciel |For who cn deny that Abraham {hy ofJudae, in wbicha temple | won Buried nthe double cave GF God was tui by Solomon; | st Hebren, together with sage Sed thouands of other fats. | and Jaco snd one wife of each Se Gea, ANIME 2 9 m9: XXVe 9 19} NEIK pat Le FSS Ge abv. 7 so xt Cuan. 11) LITERAL PRECEPTS 295 GREEK For the passages which are historically true are far more rumerous than those which are porely spiritual ‘Ad sgain, wo would deny thatthe command which ayes ‘Hlooour “thy father and "thy ‘oer tat ay be wel with thee! igunfal que part from’ any spin interprets ny and hat gh ecininly to'be observe, epecialy when Me remember tha the spore Paul's guatel inthe se same words? And” what are eto sy. of the following: "how hak oot kl; thou sit rot commit adaery; thou shalt fot eal thon sha not bear ine witness Once again, in the gorpel ere ate commandments writen which meta no ingury whether they are to be kept Bterlly or ot, as that eich says, "Tsay {to you, whosoever is angry with his" Brother,* and “what follows; andy "Tsay unto you, sear not af all’? Here, too, ‘sn injunetion of the poste of which the. literal meaning trust be retained: "Admonish the disorderly, encourage the faintheared, support the weak, LATIN of them? Or who dots that Stochom was given as 8 por tn to Jeph” Or tat Jens Sslem the chit Sy of Judea, in which's temple of Go was | Du by Solomon and couse | other aes? "Por the psa | euch re historically love ee | tarore numerous than those which contain purl pita meaning. “Then ign, who would deny tha the'eommand which say ‘THoour thy fate ‘and moter that itmay be well wth Gee! is utiet of tel part rom fy spa ater that's ‘observance i binding on es, capecally when we re ‘meer tat Pal hs oem the command by quoting ie in the “Stfsame” words And What are we to” ay of the asege: “Tho aboot com Sit avery, tho shalt ook i; hou satnot sel thou Shait'not bent fe witness foes of thi kin? "The in regard othe com- smandents given inthe gospel, there ean bene dob hat ery snony of thee are to be kept coring to the eter a8 when Bye Bat Tay unto You, swear not at a's and nso, "Bat whoweve Toker Sn t woman to st afer her th realy in is ese ad the injnctions given by Ie Aponte’ Pal *Adimonish the ‘Erode, encourage the Bao oA See pe Va 5. Bea OC a Th Moteur ee 3 SV, Se Gon NUVI’ sr Jam MAI. USE MSE Ve Koes rare We ae anodes ty Resous26 FIRST PRINCIPLES [Boos 1V GREEK LATIN be legsfiring toward | ier, sppor the Thouin tc ise‘ te more beng toad ‘Set ede ble to |and ey many oe preserve cath ofthe meaning’ | {Ean wile not seg ae the coboandat ae ed ‘Sos to peace dep of ihe tad of Ga Nvertickse he erat |: Nees 1 have. oo reer il se inert | dab ot the ete aes tome puurgeay tnd Lime | wl be snow vey any hi Ne ta | Sse when so at sy “Huth svetgaton whats ‘o's be regal as Heraly Siar indo bell ono tein ase ae, to keh, at ppc | ad Net ho tat pe tent af hte he Bc | st be rayon ae Sr Spams ei |p Meer sel mast ie tec wa Ase | hefre te exec oat Tag eo reds ance | ech er nay al Ferree Iter mi ces | roe nse lng meatus "peep wich | wer Dat are ines Sa Seven eer | chun ised ee ‘Sky aveigne bore By take” Att see {ital arog ue aa bw | fo eet fee: {ari ipo nl toe | onic we ink Sag Wm fe per ste | ng ard leap so She Gat fon the Ge of dinar: | eeploged ia Glog wih the Pests te met eel |S cape ons Prensa ie se ture a tat wh when take Meuiy posse | ‘When erfore, as be | clara thse hy “ade fray mp, where e custandog. pct oot pont al ete. the SE TSE pears nea Bs it he eal sor unnd Ora craiy lem fu ht orang lnwerpct the whole ary allegorical, fect that the eral. or "belly ‘Rating es tlie, "ihe iain te rl meaning fue 9 wae Tier fen: eg the Conmanioces at ven hee he dnger meeg ‘tom cere ae ee pc cua 111) PLAN OF GREEK reader must endeavour to grasp the entre meaning, comecting by an inert process the tcount of what is erally ime Possible withthe pars that are ‘ot impossible but ae histor ally eae, these being. inter preted allegrialy in common Wwith the parts which 0 Tar as the letter goes, didnot happen at all For our contention with regard to the ‘whole of divine Seripture is, that itll as a fpintual meaning, but not all 3 bodily meaning; for” the bodily meaning is oten proved to be an impossibility. Conse. ‘quetly the tan who reads the Uivine books reverent, belie: ing them to be divine writings, ‘mst exercise great care. And the method of understanding them appears: to us to be a5 follows 16 The accounts tellus that God chose’ outa certain nation fon the earth, and they call this ation by many names. For the nation a¢ 2 whole i called Tea, and itis leo spoken of fas Jaenb.. But when it was Aivde nthe days of Jeroboam the son of Neb," the ten tees sad to have been subject to im ‘were named Israel and the other to together withthe tribe of Levi, which were ruled over by sien’ of the seed of David, were called Judah. The entire Country which was inhabited by ‘en ofthis race and which had been given them by” God, is called Judea, the metropolis of ‘which Jerusalem, thie: being ‘the mothir city of a number ot SCRIPTURE on LATIN 6. The divine writings declare that a certiin “nation onthe farth was chosen by God, and ‘they call this sation by many names. Sometimes the matin ssa. whole is. called. Tes Sometimes Jacob and in prt ale, when the nation was ‘vided fat two parts by Jeo boam the son of Nebat, the en tribes which Became’ subject 2 him were called Istacl, and the ‘other to, sith which sa ne ‘lade the tbe of Levi and the tribe which “sprang. from the royal family “of David, were amped Judah. The entre country inhabited by this mace, Which had been given them by God, was called Jucsen, the metropolis ‘of which was See 1 Rags XL 2a8 FIRST PRINCIPLES: {Boos 1v GREEK LATIN fra wise nese sete | frst al he meeps het eet act [Satie aa igs id shat my ee Fle any cs Tae eh | sume af tee Se you well se ite Eau es Se fa ta ae an Sag ate vee hu wae rn Ree a fc a Soa ‘his being so, the apne, | i tig 50th rang Spal apie: [apn dings i wee Tne tite ae | re Se oan se einer | uentey lew be cas iso igtrang et esas a ene pe iad fet aera esp | Frat afte Reem tistpties gs fe | ee Sra ines re tees tht | WE he lca al sm en‘ Glo re | hm tte a et a in "tea [Sitar ef ai nat eater ati tte Far rea bo se (Sea GREEK ‘And again: ‘Neither is he a Jee, who is one outwardly, oe is dh Scns ehh eae the Beh at ea Jess who is one inwardly, and creumesion i. of the Beaty i the pint, not Inthe letter’ Bor if we take the phrase ‘n Jew inwardly" as a testy we shall reise that as there is race of oy Jews, so 10, there isa race of those who are “Jews ite Mardy the sol ng acquired this nity of ace in vie Wr certin unspeakable words. Moreover there are many pro plecies spoken of Israel and Judah, which relate what i going {D'happen to them. And whea we tink of the extraordinary promi si hese pal pm ato Freeary spi gees are poor and\ntnguished by no elevation or tharacier hats worty ofa promse af God, inate hat they demand a mye itepetation? Wel, the, the promises are of a spiritual kind though annoupeed through mitral Tia, Seas Rufoup, ten HE 6 Som. Tag." Rn be coed lng psec pi sa arto erin the oan eee 2 cenainly ar from cher. Tee Sakari pe ads tothe tational orm cu. 1H] SPIRITUAL ISRAEL 299 imagery, the people to whom the promises Inlong ate not the wi Tear 7. But we must not spend time discussing who ie a ‘Jew ineardly" and who an leche“ the inet nt since he shove remarks are saficient forall who are not dullewtied. We ‘wil Fetare to the subject before us andy tat Jacob as the father of the twelve ptrinehs, ad thy" of the rulers of the ‘people and they in tee turn of the Irahies who came fer IF ot the ag the, atthe bly Ian cary bck their descent to the rfers of the people, the ruler of the people to the paar, and the patiatche to Jacob and those ca more'ancent; wheres ae fot the spiral Teraetes, af whom the badly ones were type, descended fom the clans, and the tlans from the tribes, andthe tribes from one whose bith wes tot bodily, ike that of the others, but of higher kid Was not he bor of ase, and Tete ssende om Abesham, tee all go Back to Adam, ho the spe says i Chat For the origin ofall fies that are in tuch withthe God af the whole world began lower down wth Crist wh comes next after the Gand Father ofthe woe word an ts The father of every sou as Adar is the father ofl men. Aad Eve i interpreted by Paul as referring tothe Church” it not sarprising (Ceig tht Cain was born of ve and all that ome after him catry tack their descent to" Eve) tat these to shosld bie figures of the Church; for inthe higher sense all'mon take their beginning frm the Church, OREEK LATIN 8. Now if, what we have | 8 Now that we have learned ated aout Trac, es | from My therfore, that there and its clans, is coavincing,|is one Israel according tothe then when the Saviour says, | fesh and another according 10 twas not seat but unto the lost| he spc then when the Saviour tend apy fa Ce aati ea Se age at, Hee sy wi ar met ir eh tne hin ae ii Nauta egy ine the ce ve ‘ose an the Tol, ine Org ce, Umar Gael eat and de Ek fv iach hone dey ordered bictheten RV. Sra Bee ‘vhasid) iA wp stegrand Cry sedan wih SUNS Frat inte RV Se the Chae Uhe hee Ch ph Wj em in Ee} ien Cain toms fare ote a etn oid hae had to Sceene Th ase Cor, XV. oS i Seat tse 6 hate ge TSE et Ni Fhe tet of Rus eines a thn pat fron po apeo FIRST PRINCIPLES [Boos 1V GREEK _ EATIN sheep of the house of Israel’ | says, “I am not senf but uato| fwe do not take these words in| the lost sheep of the house of| the same sense as. the poor-| Israel," we do not take these minded Ebionites do men whose | words in the same sense as do ery ame comes. Irom. the | they who ‘mind earthly things poverty of ir mind, for in| that iy the Ebiontes, who even Hebrew ‘bion is the word for | by their very name’ are alle Door! s0 a to suppone. that : (for in Hebrew the word Eek Gime’ cspecily tothe | thon. means. poor)! but we Istacts alter the Mesh.” For | understand that i a race of ‘iis ot the chdcen of the | souls which fv called Israel a3 fs that ave cen of od” | the meaning of the wor set Inticates; for Israel means “the ‘ind sci God!” of "man see ie Cod Again, the apostle gives us | "Again, the sponte gives us the fling instances ot teach: | revelations such as thi on Ing about Jerson: "The Jere | cerning Jersalem, that “Jeru- Stlem which is above is ree | salem wich is. above i re, ‘Shih Ge our mother + and in| wich fs our mother™* And in nutter pie "But. ye ave | srother eis of is be sys Ei to Mount Sion and tothe | "But ye are come to. Mount Sy" of ‘the ving God,” the | Sion ad tothe ety of dhe Hee feseeny Jerusalem, and to\an | ing God, the heavenly Jerusi- innumerable company of angels |Tem and to a molitude of tothe general assembly and | praising” anges, and to. the Church of the festborn who are |ehueeh of the Bestbora which is srriten in heaven ‘writen in beaven= Therefore Tae consists of |""U thon there are in this work certain aouln who “are Called tsrae and. acy in thatthe cies of Trl ave for | heaven which i named Jase thee tater cy the Jerslem | em follows tat those les inthe heavens? and $0 conse: | which are sad 4 Belong tthe 17m as wr of Jet Caton, whee Law prs and spicy of ey ach ue the dexered in Ace Te gege SOE cls me eect hatte to poet find Origen Fr flaca eft me Smit Dany of Chasen Boge 2 Scorn fyNeo. hom. XU ge “The sane eal is found even meng the cere of gl ny, ty ie me tay tbe elle Ia EU ae ia Si lag Gl rh he mea ies, an, Cusp, I] THE HEAVENLY JERUSALEM oa GREEK LATIN quently des Judaca asa whole, | Icatite nation have for their ee ES, | mother cy the heavenly Jone Sle, snd that we ae to under Stan 'in this way al veleenees to Judaca as whole. For we Sete thatthe propbets were ‘peaking, about hi hewenly untry by means of mystical taratives whenever they tered bropheis concerning judaca ot Jevtsaem, ors whenever te Scredvesordh dere that this fr that ood of iovsion, had open dan or fea In all propheces concerning | “il statements or prophecies, Jerusalem, therefore andi al | therefore, ahi are mae cone Statements ‘made abott i we | esing "Jerusalem, we st must understand i we listen to | wndersand, if we listen (0 the Paul's word' ax the ‘words of | words of Palas being thve of God andthe uterances of wise | Christ speating itt” oo dom, tat the spre are |r in the thought a Paul teling ‘us aboot the heavenly | hima to at county which he iy andthe whole region whic [als the heavenly Jerse, fmains the sis of the oly | and. to all thowe regions, of lind: "Perhaps it to hese | tes which ace aid te belong sie thatthe Saviour tour | 9 the oly andy the mothe, Stenson when he gives to thowe | iy of which is Jenule tho ave deserved pase for | Morsover we must suppise the” good use of ther tle | ha thee are the elie ros authority over fn or over fe | Aone which the "Saviour, a dea ae oe Yo high wel ef understanding, mises to those wo have ode ood use of the, money come Site to them by him, tat taey Shall have authority over tex 4 If theretore the prophecies | ote’ or “over fe? relating to Judea, to Jervaiem, |p If therfore the prophecies Sand t9 Isr, Judah and Jaco |reating to Judace and Jerse: Sggest to. because we do | fem and to Teac, Judah and ot interpeet them in a Besly | Jac indicate tous, because Sense, mysteries such ax thee, | we do not interpret them in a "A sence appears t te mining fom the Grok a thi poi 1 Raniog wih Rescae, Hathew fr the mniey exp Oc Sei, Lake RIK. penyo FIRST PRINCIPLES: [Boos 1 GREEK LATIN le for the suas sate | aetan Sal ing Of Tye fata a | eat i Se eee ec ad am 1 ge Ba. XIN, +8 Hic XX Cuse. 111] SOULS DESCEND 10 EARTH 33 GREEK LATIN ‘ac teoughout the wle ln | Bhiod abl How to» height up thee sal be bled upto the | 10 the hae, me know es, a retring tothe Bgyp | ow ty nf intligence wich es neat oe Ethiopans | coud ert “these ate whose bodies are Backend by | fering to that carly Egypt team | pice net to Elia Latin Let us see however, whether the sbove passages say not be more wortly itepreted as faiows, Just at thre i a heavenly Jerusalem and Judae, and no doubt a people dwelling therein who ar called ira) 20 it posible hat ne there exist certain other plcesy whch apparently Egypt, or Babylon, or Tyre or Soa; and the princes of thse plits'and the souls if there ae any, who dwell in thom, tay be cae’ Egyptians,Babyloians, Tyne and Sion Froth mong these sulin accordance’ withthe manner of Hi which thy Ted thee, Kind of captivity mould sem co have taken place, as a esl of which they rest to have gene dows from higher ‘and better places into Egypt, or to have been eat tered among other nation. GREEK LATIN to, And peraps? just as | 10, For periaps? just an oie on cart, when they de | thovewhodepart fom ths wold Thecominen death of all are in| by the common death of a ate consequence of the deeds done | dutnbutel scaring. to tes cfs Gated at ain ede a ei as ve of ferent postions acarding t | the judgannt sme going tot the popoion of thor sini |plce wich cali Sowet they’ are ade Tobe worthy of | wold ethers fo" “Abrabans te place aed Hades; 10" the | bowom” nd to the various pos fpople there, when they te, | tons and dveing-pces iy Prmay so speak dectad io |s0" the inhabit the {his Hades," and “are judged legions. above, wea they dhe PRR ea ESRI Ee a ee aa ian itech Came ee Sens khre so cea ae EVER Seve cis Trl 4 Lat taferas, ranting the Gr. FN Hues, SSeS tia Va ae manies: Ge OVAL, Ser St Jom IV. 2so PIRST PRINCIPLES [Book 1V GREEK. LATIN worthy of dflerent habitation, | ther, if one may so. speak, Brter or worse, in the whole | descend from "those upper of this region of earth "| places to this Tower work. ee + + LM For the other lower world, to which are conveyed the souls - ‘of those who the on earth, 36 Caled by sents, T belere on Methe “the: rains, "And thw hast dtr: ed my soul fom the lower Hades’ * “Each of those, there: fore, who. descend into the carth, i destined in accordance Sith" his ments or withthe and of being born of sch of | postion wich had Bld nove Svc parents so tht an Teate | fo bo” orn in parte tril ccnoaly fall smong | place orton, or ia parte Seythins and an Egyptian dex | Eula walk of Ie, or with part end into Judaes. Nevertheless | cular infirmitin, or to bev the the Saviour came to gather to- | offspring of religious parents or iether" the "lat sheep of the | the reverse, 30 that happens Ace of tara’ ad since | ocastnaly’ that am laraite many. fom israel ‘have’ not | fall among the Seythians and Schmit to bis teaching, those | a poor EgypGan is Conveyed to From the "Gentles are abo |Jda ea Nevertheless oir alley, 8 SEES SASL itr came to gather together SN ee 8) he oe sheep af the hovse of| Fe 488 rae and since most of the Ieractes have not submitted (0 his teaching, those who belonged to the Gentiles have been called. LATIN Ie would appear to follow! from this that the prophecies which are uitered concerning the various ations OUght rather to be efered to souls andthe diferent heavenly dweling places ‘ccupied by them Moreover in segard tothe scons of rents Se St At, XV. 2 235i Fa LAKAVE, 1S) Thin wsene ie omitd om she PA te: tain an Rainn lat p. st) gut fro Orgs she Sep acing rye ome ar, a Rilo nein Hole rer, whch ween Sat Sragrs eang TTA murah sho ming tr th PAocae oie Noho SF wr ta Nr. XXXL he al ary ot ei te hey ae Guss. It] ASCENT AND DESCENT OF SOULS 305 What are suid to ave happened to the aton of see, or to dvusalem of Judes, whe hey were sealed by this people ot that, there is neal af catefol ngury and exaiaaion, tog tha in very many eases the events ed aot happen ins ysl sense to scorn what way tee events are more Sully Sse to thove natin of sol who one vel ina heaven sich sl oe aay or who maybe upon fo de (ad lace” we have compart the woul who travel fom this worl to the lower regione to thse sous who by 4 nd af death tome fom the height of eaven to our ellng aces, we must though gue whether we may mae ths later asertien sn regard to ie bith of every sgl sul. or i that can Soult are born on ths arth of ars woul ether come fom the ower word again tos higher place and sues human Bev in consequence of thi desi for bee ngsy or ee ‘oul descend tous fom beter places And so ates places ‘Hic ae above ia the Srmament may be cece by rene tal ‘ho fave advanced from our ets to beter thing, ei y lhe, ‘to, ve atom the avenues to th ant so Ye have ot sinned deeply enough fo be thst into he wet places in which we ‘iwi * * * 7 1, Th howeve anyone should demand of us ca and mai fest dechratons on these matters ou of the oly serplres we step tine wn the method ofthe tly Sp ae To ‘Once thes truths and to bie ther deeply tinder arr wich appear to be records of acta evens paraties it ch {eopleave said to go down nto Egypr or tobe led caning Fabylon, were Some were great “Rumted. aoe sede ‘wndge 10 masters, whe cers ne very lace of thee city were regaded a5 atous an isi, a tht te held positions of power and leadership and were st to rule ove GREEK Lat 11, But these truths, as we| All these truths, as we have think, have Bees concealed in| sud, lie hidden tod conceted, te maratives. For ‘the king” | covered up in the natratives of 8 et FSA et to nn Flees ie cea {ueber‘psngs oie beth by Rus apd tbe store fe Pips tig ae ees ee eee SA! Hie deena kt eens one Be Lie i ect Eom foe Tice came om Ont Si eeerd FIRST PRINCIPLES (Boor 1V OREEK LATIN éom of heaven is ike unto a | holy seripture; Decause ‘the Ireasare hid ins Bld, whic | Kingdom of heaven is like unto ‘When a man findeth be Bideth [treasure Bid na Bel which and for joy thereof goethand | when aman Sndeth Be hideth eth all'that be. hatly_and | ty and for joy thereof goeth and Buyeth that fed." Now let us | sleth all that be ath, and foasider whether the outward | buyeth that Bld." Now eno> ‘pect of scripture and its obvi | sider carfully whether theres ‘ch and surface meaning does | not here an indication thatthe fot correspon to the fed as | tual soil and surface, 30 10 hole full of all kinds of plans, | speak, of serpturey that is, the Whereas. the iraths -thit ace | feral’ meaning, i. the eld, TNored away init and aot seen | abundantly led with all kinds iy att but Ties as i buried | of plants, whereas the higher neath the visible plants, are | nd peofounder spiritual mean~ the hidkien reasures of wisdom | ing the “hidden teasures. of land knowledge’ which the | wisdom and knowlege’ whieh Shirt speaking through salah | the Holy Spit speaking throug ls" and unseen and eoo- | Isaiah calle “dack and, unseen sled and conezaled treasures” These treasures cequire for |” These weasures require for their discovery the lp of God, | their discovery the help of God, tho alone ie able to "breakin | who alone is able to "break in pieces the gates of brass that | pieces the gates of brass™ by Eonecal ther and to burst the | which they are shut in and cone iron ars that are’ upon. the [celed, and’ to burst the icon [ates and so. to make kaown | bolts and bars which prevents ithe teutha taught in Genesis | Fem ‘entering in-and reaching Concern the various. legit | ll those truths weitten in wll nate races and ay it were seeds | language in Genesis eacern ft souls whether closely akin to | ing. the varios races of sous Israel or Tar apart from. bi | al the seeds and. generations andthe decet of the seventy | same thee) whether cosy Souls! into Egypt, in order that [akin to Tract or wel they may there become “as the | SeParated from his posteriy as ‘Ot the heaven in malts | well us the ‘meaning of the J hyt'since not all who are | desceat_of the seventy” souls “pring fom these are alight | isto Egypt, that these seventy OF the world for "they are nat { may become in Egypt ‘as the SiN Israel, who are of Israel” stare of the heaven in multi there come fom the seventy a | tude But since nt all who are people "even ae the sand which | sprung from these are a ight of ge Mae XU a 15 COLT 375 le aha pasge we Gen, Cho Xe RL, NAV. NXVL, XLVI a fer ta gt Bal Se [Gen NLA a, Hawi 1 Gon ANT % S00 St Mat V4 Rom. IK. & Cau. 111] MEANING OF THE EXODUS sr GREEK | Latin ii hese sre numer. his ory a ot at ste Isracl, wh ace of seal there |eome from these seventy ule people evea “as the sand which IS by the sea shore innume be LATIN ‘a Thi det te Bly fates in Ep thai int tn wor willbe ace to have ben rant Eth proven Ot Gal tthe ghee feet tee ae fact fhe nlc at cece aha it belgie nace aon tae tet te aco Gat Wg hs a Is said to “sce God; forth name Tal "when translated ee the'meaag® inion att atte man nat pectin ine tae pis ie Sem Ey, Scogelwi sgselow Golpp'aes Reet oa epee he ph ee tk oan fe tcc by esto cde, ot Ale pols”o a he ceaae ote pes on the den of he wale te ea wien teat age ty tas wit en ae im tee hogs fot Pl cei cpl we At ty een nt ptr ee ng Ine mew et Wan Cniied ans Eo itr nue sd tens ander the neha PES int “Tivo, heh oe thes sh wy te tte and fo tt Wheeden pee he Idsf porto are gives aap ture, ats teenth eng a a a they se tha a han oo pense a 5m nb te Sy e's res mcenng a te camber ofthe pepe, though ‘ot of al" For the chide cous have not yet Tee img exggh tobe nonireti temnicewitt he ae to mand hie thse wt ch Cannot ese at Se Ste wre themes sabe o oes oe ie ea, Sa “hh the Sipe eon "ln a, an He XL a2 (Gen XXNIL 1). The enact fo the Pca en sen (Gen XXXL 1). The te a 9 Se above pe apo +See Hag Vib apt Se Eel anv Se Se taal! AAV SVE tee tae LY. Se mh, RV8 FIRST PRINCIPLES (Boor 1V in that unbesig: which i order by God.* Only those alld Scare number in order to show tha the former souls could fo be wumbered part by tematnes but that they ar incaded Inthe umber of thse called men : Especially, however, there come tothe boly number they who are fen to go forth tothe wars of Tataey they sho can Bight Suinst those cin and adversaries ‘whom the Father pots in SSbjection tothe Son who ats om hi Tight hand, in order at ierinay estoy every ricipality aod power By these numbers Cl he sles who Becade xy ace Aghting for God do aot Covangle thencelve in the flrs of the world” e lens 0 ‘ert the lingdoms ofthe adversary + By these ‘the shih Fat are borne and te “dacs of whom are buried; om them flame dhe belmet which sth hope of seston, and the res ate o charity guards thee heart that ied With God Sock rete less ho pear tome to be inated in scrip Sha sche the Kind of warfare for whieh they are prepared sho Ere orterd inthe divine books to be mumborel by” God's come ht fr more renowned and pict than thee are hey, the very hairs of whose bead ae sai to be umbered ‘Those, however, who were punished for their si whose carcaes ll the Tiles appear to me to bent’ a-reemblane to those ho, Tg they fave made not a hile progress; have yet be for ‘arias reson lite unable to each the goal of preston, Tease they at i ether to have marae, or fo have 0 Shipped ids, or to have commited florist, orto have planned Some wickedness sich a tf rong forte mind even fo sk oo Nor is the following fact, beer, deve of some atic soeaning, that certain of the pope, who posses hrge foks ad ‘much ety go and seize belorenand rion suitable for pas 0 Naga 3 4.6 Cp 4 Ge XL 3. HSM RSG Ti ening east (rom Jorome, Bp. of Asam oP lag, te we tur tn te basey eae at ‘ace a ie gana the pope a rr ta tr tla may Ser hedee date Se atieeae! & Sat aie Starke a erg pus Cet havent ene td 2 the itd te? gchar. 2 3ce Nun tt, SV, RVLCKXE, XX; Exod, XXRIL an 1 Ca Chan, II] “MEANING OF DEUTERONOMY 309 ing thie Socks, which was the Sst ofall he places thatthe Bb nd he Ine ue by a Th an hy loses to grant them, and consequently they are paced apt ‘ont the steams of Joan an tat of fom the esapon oP the boty ind Nos thi Jordan would appear, wen taken 45a igure ofthe heavenly things, to water and od the thirsty Souls and mods dat ie tse ede I ‘nd ete this oer fact wil ot appear tobe without signe cance that it Monea who ear fom Cod al at ewe down inthe law of Lewis, whereas in Deueconomy it w the pele ‘tho are represented ar Untning to Moses and earing from tn ‘i they could nt hear fom Go Toe Ingest why is tale Dermot, ning th snd wat we sane Yl thnk points to this, that when the fs law given though Moses cae to an end utcond lgiistion war sparenty come osed, an this was specially delivered by Moses £8 his scesor UToshua "and Jouhos vs certainly bere to be a fyure of out Seviur, by whose steond law, that, by the precepts of the Gospel al things are brought to perton, 72. We must ao see, however whether the scriptures ray ‘ot ‘echaps indicate this farther uly that Jost asthe leg thon presented wth greater clesrnes ad disoeines in Dec. omy than in those books wich were written a te sts co we may gather fom that como the Saviour which be fut built, when he “ook upon him the form of 4 servant"an ination of the "mere splendid and gros scan foming ‘inthe gory of hie Father at whic coping, when a the Kingdom of eave all the saints shall bre bythe of the ‘eral gospel the Agure of Deseronomy wl be ald and TEST PS cen Se Lev, Parad thea: a Dow a, Wo SS Sian ee Te ES a an S550 Mat VE ay an part, : 755 Re MV. 0 Orgen sparen nade mach mer of he eeet i sto he nent cualy Il tr i mee ares et ah me athe daemons be willbe made wha ty ae for whee Trae he then fo tame Abd inne sh bape ther oe ‘me his We bie true ee kee Shc a ay ashe te ately rita, a SAUD ot de Mab wont ot peg tha snng‘nnenef th ruh of ha el eine ecg of {he ett "ena gong, lr, ail i geetjo FIRST PRINCIPLES (Boox tv just a8 by his preset coming he has fufiled that taw which has BSSstdow of the good things to come’! so also by that ori oming the shadow of his fst coming wil be ulled and brought to pltcction. For the prophet has splen of it thus? "The tweath of war countenance is Chit the Lor, of whom we said that une his shade we sal ve among the nation's that fitment a te nts om the ioral to the etemal gospel, to use 2. phrase employed ohn the Agog, where he spas of the ema gospel GREEK But" if we continue our inguiies as far as the passion, to sok for this in the heavenly places will sem a bold thing to do Yer if there are “spritoal hosts of wickedness" in the heavenly Plsces, consider whether, jt a8 we are not ashamed to confess {hat He was ervifed here in order to destzoy those whom be tlestruyed through his saering, 0 we should ot fear to allow that a similar eve also happens there and wil happen im the ‘ges to come until the end of the whole word * nt LATIN 14. Mat in all these matters let it sfc ws to conform our rind to the rule of piety and to thine of the Holy Spirits words fot as a composition depending upon feeble human eloquence Dut in-accordance wth the sayings of sriptore, "All the king's flory is within? andy ‘a treasure” of divine meanings Be hidden ‘thin the "fal vessel of the poor letter." If, however, a reader more cutious and persists in asking for ‘an explanation of feery detail iet im come and ear along with us Mow the apostle Pauly scanning by the aid of the Holy Spirit, who searches even the depths of Gt the ‘depth of the divine wisdom and knew. edges" and yet not being able to reach the end and to attain, fei yon ur iis tints eget Ss ian doen Soegrk ea mes SE mine aha pes mc {sir atthe nba of al pes may be sad Oy is son?” Se ERM scl Via eas a wi Cane. 111) ‘THE TWO SERAPHIM 3H it may say $0, an innermost knowledge, his despair and mazemeat ihe task ees out and sayy"0 the dep of the ‘hes of the wisdom and Krowedge of God And in wht despair reaching a perfect understanding e steed th cy, hea brn fellas hime "How unsearchable ae bie udgmenis and his ‘ays past finding out" He did ot sy that Cat judgments tere hard to seach ot, but tat they could ot be sesched out SUSI not that hb ways were ard todo bat that they ere imposible to find out. or however far oe may advance tn the search and mae progress through an inceasingy earnest Stuy even when ade Snd enlightened in mind by Cov grce iwi ever beable reach the fal goal of his ini For no cresad mind can by any means posses the capacity ty amd lB ae so n't diced 2 sal ag ment of what tis seking, it again aces er hogs That must sought for? and iti urn Ht comes 9 know these til satin arg tf them ny te thgs ta dem investigation This i why Solomon, sess) men, whose ‘isdom gave him a ear vew ofthe natre of things Say oT ‘id, Til become wise; and’ windom herself was, taken far from) me farther than she was before; and who shall fal gut he profound depth?” Morcover Isiah, Known that the bees sings of things auld note covered by muta nate, no, 8nd ot even by those nares which thoegh Gviner than sans ature, are yet themselves made and crested, Knowing, fs, {iat noe of these could discover citer the Beganing. he ad sa7ai Tell ye the former things what they” wer, and e shall now that yt are gods; or dele the lat Wingy what thy are and then shal we see that ye sre gs™ My Hebrew teacher ald acd fo feach as follows, that sigce the begnning’or the endo al things could ot be comprehend ‘by any except our Lord Jesus Chest and the Holy Sprit this vas the reason why Tssnh spake of tere being in fhe son That appeared to him two. srsphim only who. With two. wings corte face thee es ne a frying one to another and saying, “ly ely ely she Lard ‘hons the whole earth ie fll thy tion. “For bese the {wo seraphim nlone hae their wings ove the fase of Go ad ‘ones i feet we may’ veature to desir tht neither the armies OF ty sg the ly rons, te amino Princo, nor powers can whol know the beeing of things anh ent ofthe onierse” We mast weds, hose ver that thse hol spits and powers no ae ete equmerted are hearet tothe ¥ery begining of ings and reach 8 poet Er MM 2h 2 eo 4 2. [Sie Te Vi 3 or te eoun to he Hetroe techs see the eed tage in Un ENE go sb)su FIRST PRINCIPLES: [Boos 1v hich the rest of ereaton cannot attain to. Nevertheless what- rer it is that these powers may have learned through the eevelas on of the Son of God and of the Holy Spiit—and they wil ertainly be able to acquire great deal of mowed, and the higher ones much mace than the lower—atl iis imposible for them to comprehend everything; for it is writen, “The more pet of Gov's works are sere Wis therefore to he desiel thst each one according to his capacity will ever “each gut to the things which are before, forgetting those things which are behind’? that is, wil reach out both 0 better works and also. to a carer understanding. and Knowledge, through Jesus Christ our Saviour, to. whom fs the ory for ever fp: Let everyone, then, who cares for tat, care Tite atest ames and words, for diferent Kinds of speech are chstomery Jn diferent mations. Let him be more attious about the fat Signifed than about the words by which itis signifi and part uli in questions of such dificlty and importance as. these. For example, we may inquire whether there exists any substance in‘which we ean discern neither colour nor shape noe possi ‘of touch nor size, a substance perceptible to" the mind ane ‘which anyone ean’ call whtever he pisses, “The Greeks speak Uf this substance. as asomatan, or ncorporeal but the divine seripures eal it “invisible; for the apotle declses that Cad fs fnvsble, when he says that Chest the “image af the ine Visible Goa." ‘Oe the other nd he says that “all things, wale and invisible were created tnough Christ." Here iti gost that there exist even among created things ‘certain existences which are in ther own nature invisible. "These, however, wile ‘ot in themselves corporat, yet make use of brie, though they themselves are superior to bodily substance. Rut the substance the Tiny which the’ egining ar case of al hi “of which are all things and through whith are al things ania which areal things; must not be believed ether to. Be a body ‘or to exist ina body, but to be wbolly incrporesl? ‘et it aufce, however, For us to hive spoken briefly on these matters, in a digression indeed, bat one which has been forced ‘pon as hy the mecesities of the subject. Our aim fac been t0 show that there are eerain things, the meaning of whieh fe impossible adequately to. explain by any human langvage, but which are made clear rather Uhough simple pretension’ than through any power of words. ‘This tule must contol oar inter pretation even of the divine writings, in order that what is ad therein may be estimated im aocordance not with the: meanness of the language but with the divine power of the: Holy: St ‘who inspiced thee composition. See Cal geet CHAPTER IV GREEK LATIN Soumany oF pocrnne cox: | SeMMUBY oF pocraINE cox asin ue Faria, Tie SON | CHRSING ‘ik FarHteR, THB Sox ‘so tie Hou Shon ‘so tz Hovy Seis, aN oF 1. This now time for us! in | 1. Tt is now time for us, after summarising our discussion con | having deal to the best of out fering the Father, the Son and | ability withthe matters previeuse the Holy Spirit, to deal with | discussed, to summarive the 1 few pots previously omitted. | particular points, with the abject, In regard tothe Father, though | Of gathering together what we he iss whole and indivisible yet | have said in scattered” releren he ‘becomes the Father of the | ces, and frst of all 1 repent Son, but not by an act of separa | our ‘teaching. concerning “the tion'as some suppose” "For if | Father, the Soo and the Holy the Son is something separated Spin.’ God the Father since from the Father and an ofspriag | he is both. invisible and ine generated from him, of the | separable from the Son, gent. Sime Kind as the offspring’ of | ated” the ‘Son ‘not, “some animals, then both he who gene | suppose, by am ct of separa fated and he who was generated | tin from himself For it the fare of necessity boties * Son is something separated from the Father, and if this expression signies something resembling “the offspring af animals and human beings then bath he who separated and. he tho is separated are of nese sity Bodies. For "we" do. not LATIN ‘93, a8 the heretics suppose, that a part of Gas substance was ‘changed into the Son, or that the Son was procreate by the nF 3 Rectan fn Matin fol Eat Co tar aa phe SEAT Sh ats 1S Toone, ade, Ban ap. “The ets ip ie «dave Irtwren Org Cana the tie othe bey of Whose CE le a Soc belie ho ear cs inte none of Ata Sade enters ts och es ‘Salas poe ar berm for ving le Fy i pct ‘fe ste that be ek satis a penis ccst whe fone ‘atet by the Wie he Fate ea te ces?a4 FIRST PRINCIPLES: [Boor IV Father ot of no substance at all, that is from something exten fo God's oun substance, <0 that there was ane when the Son {al not exist; but setting ase all tought of a material body, tre sy that the Word ad Wisden was begotten of the invisible find incorporeal God! apart {fom any bodily feeling,” Uke an act Sf wil proceeding eon the mind. Nor will st appear absurd, Seng that be fscalled the ‘Son of his Tove)? that he should fiso be regarded ia this way asthe "Son of his will * * oxerx Now this nt wat tote | the Pikers work e | “age oie Cot and tera se gory a the ints He woes “he Mtbrn of al eat 1 ig reed wid Poe ik at hyet Gon Created the boing ovwaye for he woke” Tepe! isan ‘image of the in- | Morcover Joho tells us that Udit “ool REST poo ia and Pel dears ca ee att uk dre tt the Son i the rghiness TOMAR fens | the eraa Beb" A ere LATIN “hf omit, 19 a i sgh aa con vi ts Untwee ela yes en eye Cone eo laces Cate vs mr, anf mo mond Rae ten hi ery ret tings ASRS Susy Sincere mbt at ORS Sah on Gan eof The Word ha he ree nt ity ete ginning SSL aa tty te the Father, eng his oflapraig ant not bis ration (yéremua ai of Sant tah th et eet he ictus Sakti halo Sr et Ft fo ha Bt So St Se He. Ly Cue, IV] ETERNITY OF THE WORD a5 GREEK | LATIN Of the Father thre ino time | ore gb an never exis Shea i oer Poeun | ot ist ighcer So acliee ‘Eda, who acorig to fn | onthe So nis cae the tsi bog for "God | pre of he Fae as Sey hve wate of | ts nd is Woe ta Gun gy tht sold | Wo, be ented ase tire roby Gowns begnng |g wit fhe Fie os {erie So, Before. wich he | tacit beset that thee GS go et?" And when dd | war atin he he So the image of she rapes | mot xnt For he mae amet ustarebe su | mg ct but tony" that thee Soe of! the Father, “hs | wea tine whe buh ot ipres, the Word wh knows | cst" when wd id ot The Father sot eskt? Le the | ent, en te dnt ete ‘in wh ares oy Thee ars ne ey Ue Son ae Sect tend th ‘ht ne wil be sng "Ones ‘ont ee Sl word id not exist, and lie did not east ven whereas swemast believe that in | all these the substance of God sists ia perfection, For these annot be taken away from fr ever be separated frum his Substance. Although in our ‘mind they are regarded as being Ys Yet infact nd sustanee they ait ne, and in them re sides the bes of the ite Butts not right, nor iit safe for usin our wees to ob God, so far a in sey of his cnty:begoten Word whoever diets oi By whois hie Wisdom in whom he race? For ime do thin we aba hn OF him as ‘ot abvaye rein Kova Nien Bf de der Nien smd 2, iit Ine tented toe * Tse Pron Vit pe seca th36 FIRST PRINCIPLES LATIN ‘This phrase that we use, however, that there never wis a time when he did ao exist, most be accepted with a reservation. For the very words, when, or never, have a temporal significance, ‘whereas the Statements we make about the Father and the S00 fad the Holy Spt must be understood as transcending alltime fn all ages and all ctenity. For it this Tnity alone which ‘ceeds all cmpretension, not only of temporal but even of ‘cernal intligeace, The rest of things, owever, which are fxternal to the Tevty, must be measured by ages ‘and peiods fof time, “The fact, therefore, that the Word Is God, and Was in the beginning with God," most not lead anyone to suppose that this Son of God is cotained in any place; nor must the fact that Ihe is wisdom, or teuth, or Fighteousness, or sanctifration, of redemption; forall hese need place in which fo actor work, ‘but each of thea must be understood as referring to those WO receive a share of the Word's poser and lletiveness ‘But if anyone should maintain that through those rective « share of God's Word or of hi wisdom or teith or ie, the Word himself andthe widom appear to exist in a plce, ‘we must answer him by saying that undoubtedly Christ, im his Character of Word and’ Wiedorm and all the rest, was in Paul fecording to Paul's ow statements “Or do ye sec proof of im who speaks in'me, even Christ?” And again: “les yet ot Ty Due Christ Heth in me’ "Sine then he was in ato will dt that be was siarly in Peter and in John Sd in every ‘ne of the saints, and not only in those on earth, but also. im those in heaven?” For it ie absurd to say hit Christ seas in Peter and in Paul, but that he was aot in Michael the archangel and in" Gabriel.’ Prom this we can clearly pereive that the Aiinty of the Son of Go is not confined in anyplace, other- wise if Would be present in tht. place and not present in any Ctr; but thae while, in vet of the majesty of its incoeporeal ature, itis confined to 90 place, in place, on the other hand, (in we think of i as Deng absent. ‘We must, however, bear in mind thie one dierence, that although he is present in vacious individuals such as thowe we hhave mentioned, Peter, Paul, Michel of Gabriel, he is not present in all beinge whatsoever in the stme degree. For he is more fully and clearly any fT tay say soy more open present in the archangels than in other saints. This i plain feom the fol lowing fart that when the salts reach the height of perfection they ace sid to be made ike, or equal to, the angel, cording tothe. gospel statement" Mt is clear fom this that. Christ Iheomes present in rach ‘nivel im sich a degece as is war ‘ante by the exten of his merits, [Boor 1V See Sk Jobe Lg 82 Cue XT 155 SMe ski oad Se eh 6 Cur IV] OMNIPRESENCE OF THE WORD 3x7 4 ving therfore sey repeated these points cocening thei ofthe rnty, cafe sep up eg aes ey a all hing tal have een etal ths the So, "ings in haven and ngs on carr hags rai fn invisible, Whether thrones oc Gan nce of power all were cated ough in and Es ane Fete aan tims Sut for hi, who hea Wit si ares the tenet ade by Jamia he’ Gospel "Aig were ma trough ny nd witout io maing es imate Davao pt tote syste of eT the treatin a ie eves wiea he Ses hy te wan the Ll wee the evens i gy a al tpt My the sft ts oui le is wit be apprise fru o make meno of the boty coming and ichoaton of he only betes Son of Gi” Aad ewe mat ot suppoue hat ae naj of tigated nas oc whine tt aa tay BS Stun may te she whe oi Wet an his Wiss and sca uth and ie as hor sgraed om the ae ot fret aad pesonst within ie Cy comp ofa Sh sot‘ in nt tobe ght opening ere Se The reverent consent ety aul ae Bees she Execs te ing ha ay guy af the pedal as ian, ary spent at ee tea pce Sy Souraion whatever ro the Sane of te Fah wae ‘Mtwtce Some she nie ty Jos te Bape hee th Jour pth ty nc tat tat da Thetis: "Tere wane one among you who's Tas ti, "who conch alert the tte af Shave Snes a ot ‘ovo 'unme™” Crain old oth s00 X oar oe Sr a AS"otiy resent wa aie tha Sno “tmong’ ten wit” hom ‘be was wot boli reat’ “He sist te Son of God ms ath hay pes his Bey awl preset eryohee, ‘cee einai Herr tat when we ay hve ace‘sering at ot putt th pad of he Soa ceh wes nC he he te prt we eee oe sere Fan only" bleed bythe whe igure te Date of incpoen and ible sane REE Spe Sh sea 9s pat of hat sonora of ome ay Givsion rit Ie ests rate i all lage aed ana ah iting an abo al hings, in he way wehbe pals Sake of that a he Way wich tuners pay ee whdom ot wort rie o eth by sich mo of ears38 IRST PRINCIPLES, [Boos 1V all idea of confinement in a particular place is undoubtedly ex- Ciued. “The Son of God) therefore, besuse forthe salvation of the human race he wished to appear to men and to dwell among them, assumed not only, as some tink, a human body, but also ft soul ints nature sndeed ike oue sols, bat in will and Vite Tike hse and of such a kind that i could unswerving carry into lft all the wishes and plans of the Word snd Wisdom SLES" Now that he powseeed a soul, the Saviour himslé ‘host clearly proves inthe gospels wen he says: "No one taketh rom me sy soul, but Tay 1 down of mysell. I have_ power to lay it down, and I have power to take it up again.* And ‘again "My souls soerowful even ato death and alo: "Now ‘Sty soul woubled™ For GREEK LATIN For the soul that was “troubled! | The soul that ie “sorrowful tod "socrowful” iy certainly not |and “troubled” mast pote the ‘nly-begotten’ and the firat- | underwood to be the Word of Twoon ofall Creation’, nor God | God, becuse withthe authority the Word, who is superior t0 | of his godhead be says: "Ihave his soul, asthe Son’ af God | power'to lay down my soul'* Himself says: "Cave power to | Nor lay it down, and have power to take it sp" 1 LATIN do we say that the Son of God was in that soul in the same Stay as he wae in the soot of Paul or of Peter and the rest of the saints in whom we believe that Christ spoke just a5 he did fn Paul?" OF all these, indeed we must bok that opinion hich the scripture expresses: "No man i pure from uacleanness, not eve if his ife has lasted but one day’ Bt the soul that was in'Jests "ehove the good, before i knew the el and becuse it Toved righteousness and hated iniquity, therefore God anointed Seon Gla ‘TK: joys “hat the soul oth’ Lord presi’ at Gat see ee rents hae pepe sa fac nog en Fy a te er wooo go con oe Be be Sets bsp eB ae, Se. John X18, "See aber, 9. BRR ey SS AES were sah is te toe Oo oe Vr Car. IV] THE SOUL OF CHRIST 39 it with the oll of gladness above its fellows’ Now it was anointed withthe “il of gladness” when it was united in a spot less partaership with the Word of God and thereby alone among all souls became incapable of sin, berause it was well aod fully ‘apable of receiving the Son of God, and on that account GREEK LATIN [As the Son and the Father are |i even one with him, and fone, so also the soul whic the Son assumed and the Son hime sail are one LATIN Js addressed by his ies and called Jesus Christ, through whom all things are ssid to have been made.® twas of this soul, since it had received into itself the whole wisdom of God and his truth and Ife, that thine the apostle Spoke when he suid: "Your lie is hid with Christin God but when Christ, your fe, shal appear, then shall ye also. appear| ‘with him in giory* For who ele can be meant by this Chit, who is wad to be hidden in God and to be destined afterwards fo appear, except him whois related to have been ancinted with the “ol of latessy chat is, ‘ed with the essence of God, in ‘whom now he is std to be hidden.” This is why Christ is set forth'as an example to all believers, because a= e ever chose the good, even before he knew the evil a aly and loved righteous ness and hated ‘aguity, wherefore God anointed him ‘ith the ‘lof gadness;* so, too, should each one of uy alte & fall of 4 transgresion, cleanse himself (Yom stuns by the example set before him, and taking a leader for the journey proceed along the step path of virtue, hat'so perchance by this means we may 4a: far ate possible become, through our iitation of ity par- takers of the divine saturest ax itis written, “He who sai he Inlieveth ip Christ ought hielo walk even as he walked? ‘Tais Word, then, and this wisdom, by oor imitation of whom we are called wise or rational, becomes ‘ll things tall men, that he may gaia all ‘and tothe swak becomes, weak, that he ‘may gain the weak;* and because be is mae fo become weak is said of him, “Though he was crucified in weakness, yet he liveth in the power of God’ Finally, in dealing withthe Carine thians, who were weak, Paul determines that he will know noth: Ing atnong’ them except Jesus Chiist, and him ried" Ye Pa XLV. 7 Fg. ig, Rohan trom Thephus. Ales. Bp puch, U8. The ro Ful! p Theor Dd 4 (tape Bhp sh see Se Ja Ege eat oe Se TL ie Be Lv30 FIRST PRINCIPLES [Boos 1V 5: Some, however, would have it appear that it was in refer ‘nce to this very soul, atthe tine when i assumed a body [om Mary, thatthe follwieg statement of the apostle was. made;* ‘Who, though be was i the form of God, counted it not prize to be equal with God, but empued ims, aking the form of ‘the abject being, doubiless, to restore the so nto the form of Gon hy superae examples and precepts, and to teal ‘eto that fulness from whi St ha emptied isl ‘But as by. partepation in the Soa of God a man is adopted sano God's Sons, and by participation inthe wisdom which Is in God he Becomes wie, AO t00, by patcipation inthe Holy Spine be becomes boly and spiritual For this is one: and the ‘ime things to eeceve a share of the Holy Spitity who is the Spine of the Father and the Son, since the sare of the Tenity iene and incorporeal And all that we have said about the participation of the soul is to be understood of the angels and Peavey powers ina similar way to that ia whichis understood fi souls; for every rational centre nee to pariipate ia the Trinity Sue Teun pace ‘oa 2h suet Furth Aston Fusing Origen ach rane faows If amen bl oye le tat th Word af Gal hae cone thn poners sore hin te anaoma “Se abo fone, tp Ties, where i See ie ‘edn ees ail Shirt raise Sv nl dn en cer Bp and 4 erame, Bhs) “enn, in book on Frat Principia, be et ees fo fade tha the ting Word Gut id ot aucme'2 ante oe he ic trie torn th pt. Pa hao a bg hia Tia inthe nye sd maging tl te antraccin John who writes: "And the Werd an tae Bech. Nor SE tre ta mar te tal of the Src sad tthe Wend God ‘hi pss the frm fan guy wih he Fabs may Ae Ta NTT age eps) aa soe Be HG Vg © evan” Abo, Thi cur. 1] ‘THE NATURE OF MATTER a Moreover, in regard to the plan of this visible worl the very important question of How the word is tonsited is fre: tuenly ruined. ‘We have therefore spoken oo this poss to the Test of our ability the preceding chapters" fr the Benet of howe who set themacies to eeamine the Grounds for ele In ‘ur region, and also of those who str pert arguments ‘isinst-un and who. ae constantly bringing forward the erm “attr the meaning’ of hich even thy themscves have not yet suceeded in understanding. “I thi it necesary 10 make Iie meation of this subject ow. G."tn'the fst place must be, noted that up to the present we have nowhere found the tem materiel usd in fhe ce onic! Serptures to denote that substance, whch i ad to woe fe bodies. For the saying’ of Isiah: *And. he shall born the ipl that i the nate, ike hay ape ip reference to those who have been appouted for pubishment, uses the terms ‘mater to! danote tng And evn if the word happens tbe writen in any other piace sf wil nouhere be found tink, to tear the meaning with which our present inguy i conrad ‘The only exceptions in Wisdom, book which i sid to be Solomon's bo whieh ie certain ot regarded as authoritative yall? Sul, we do nd it wrtten there‘ follows "or thine alk-powerfal band that erated the world at of formless mater, incked not means to send ypon them a multtade of bear, of fece Hone" "Very many, idee, think that the seoel ater of bic things srt ade ie refered to in the pasage waten By Moses in the beginning of Genesis “Inthe begining, God ‘de the Heaven andthe exth, and the earth wat soiled tithe order for bythe paves "an earth invisible ad wile {uteri seems to them that Moses wae ating fo nothing flse But formless matter. Yet if thie truly is mater, i cleat rom the passe thatthe constituent pts of bodies are not things incapable of change For those who sume that boty substances are composed cf stoma, ster the ones which Gnnot be vided ito pars oF those which are divisible ito equal pars, or else that they are ompoms of one of the cements, Gull ot feckon matter, at icant in the main sense of the term, among thse constitnts Nor, if they suppose mater to be # substance undying every ey throughout the Universe, a eabtance capable of hangs alteration and vison, wil they maintain that it existe in tt wn proper nature without gual," And we agree with them SSneewe absolutly deny tha matter shouldbe eal urbegeten oF unceated, forthe reasons ‘which we have given to the best 1S phn Bk hy Cha Tad TL gp 6 ad 5 2 Blaewher sf Wisdom as 20 inspired book: cp. Com can tight Oe ae in wt i, op3a FIRST PRINCIPLES [Book 1V ia Seger ad a oe fs ayy ‘who Hold this opinion have endeavoured ve eegbl se renee Sp, ersten eae Senay iain is rn tvs ony be Toe ais ope ing ae oe eg fo ie hs fv tt a a Say Sette et ae A ce his See oe, sansa teed atta gga mack mS nem AorSuetcac eam ayn i et in dt the 2° SEM oa el Sar Shearing shane pu Soca Sepa ct ig ici a ae or Soc Tyee ig ni ee oe Cuno. 1] GoD's POWER LIMITED 33 thought it wil apparently behold mater stipped of all its ‘alin Du eons ay pt ak wth we can oii ny support fortis view of things from the sriptares” Te appears iotne thet some nach view inetd ae asin whe the Prophet says: Mine ees have seen thine incompleteness" I this pasige the prophi's mind, examining with piercing insight the begining of things and by’ reason and undertone alone Separating matte fom its quale, appears to have pacevel God's ieompetness, «ate wich We certaly thi ot ing brought to prfction by the aion of qualites More ver Enoch peas thus inhi boo I walked unt T came fo what i complete’ whch I think may alse by understood fo 4 sina way, namely thatthe prophets min, nthe cours ‘Cis investigation and sty" of every visible thing, came ght to the very Beginning, where it bud matter in aa incomplete ate wthout quale.” Fort writen inte same book, Beech ims teing the speakers “I peceved very Lint of Satins? [Now ths certainly means: “I Held all the divisions of mate, lich from one original have ben Broken of aol he sases ‘pete of men ain sky son and everyting ee ie wor Nex, we have proved to the best of our ability io the fore cing choptrs, tht all things that cist were made 19 Col fn that there ip nothing that was not age cxcpt the natog Of the Father the Son and the Holy Spit; and™that beeuse Gov, 'who is good by nature wished to hae tose whos he right benefit ‘and who’ might enjoy reciting lis benef he ‘lle creatures worthy of imal that fy erates capable Of worthy feceving’ him, whom els say he has “begotten So fonw't” Dat he made all ings by number and meas for to God bere is nothing ether witht ead or without measure GREEK Leto one take offence at the saying, if we put limits even to the power of God. For to encompass things that are ens Js by nature an impossibility. But when once the things, which God himself grasps, have been bounded, wecessity sulfecs to a ‘boundary unt the tight number of things has been bounded 2h CORRE. 6 SES, BO Te can Yi. Stem at he : othe Ea BR ene Greek tate fod in Clem ex, Hog Botte ss he SF 8) Koning, tom Join, Ep. of Meman,. Mans 1% ge Cea Ce Ta Sy tap ane Run oniel Tignes.34 FIRST PRINCIPLES [Boo8 1V LATIN For by his power he comprehended all things, while he himself ‘is not comprehended by the mind of any created being oREEK Bat if the Father comprehend al things, and the Son is among. all things, iis clear that he comprehends the Son. Bet some, ‘one wil inguice whether itis tue that God is known by him. sil in the stme way in which he is known bythe only-begoion, and he will decide that the saying, “My father who vent me 1 seater than I's cru in all respcts; a0 that even ia is lenow. edge the Father is greater, and is known more clealy and Dertectly by himse than by the Son. LatIN For that nature is known to itself alone. The Father alone ‘knows the Son, aad the Son alone knows the Father; and the Holy Spirit alone searches out even the depths of God Every crated thing, therefor, is distinguished in God's sight by its being confined within cetain aumber and nascar, ie fn either number in the ease of rational bengs of mene at the ase of bodily matter. Since, then, it wat aecesany fey intellectual nature to make use of bodies, and th nstiee ie Proved to be changeable and’ convertible By the Wry condtiee Se Jone). ad Asie 13, “od agnin be (Oren) Har hem a he n'y ng in ita, OF Koos iFM widstm by Wieko ae Se ak Sonic abc ree Fae, Ke, ohn, doce Moy 228, Lin ein of who fund Jehan, ped holon cle eau bi a Har meee rear ae AE ete ‘aoe ra ea ese copa ie Mee re ee acer gerd ear a Pop Rete at Cie ee = Eihontaiauee marie te a pee fear 2 pitied Sey ae mate me et See ae Tie ga ii at 235 Sain XIV a or Es. Joho X. 45, XVII 35, Cur. IV] FINAL DISSOLUTION OF BODIES 35 of its being created—for what was oot and began to be is by this very fact shown to be of & changeable nature and so to poss bony ins tacit nd roth Ms essence—sine, then, as we have std,” atonal nature se sthangeable and convertible, $0 of necessity Got hal forknow= Helga the dices a ee a atone or pl recs, inorder to arrange that each in proportion fos mers ‘igh wear diflecent boil covering th or that quality; nd $0, too, was it necessary for God to make a bodily nate, ‘capable of thanging” atthe ‘Creator's wily by an alteration of ‘alies, into everything that Greumstances might require. "Ths ‘ature must needs endure 30 log as howe endre who nee it for a: averig; and there will abwaye be ratonl natures who need this boll covering. “There wil avays ext therefore, this bodily sate whose ‘coverings must necessarily be used by rational creatures; Unest ome one thinks that he can_prove iy any arguments that aon at ed i i aly a a How ie ‘il if ot altogether impossiie, this is for our understanding, we have shown when dcosing the parr gustan foregoing chapters Ps os USGA heats io ne GREEK 1 aust needs be thatthe nature of bodies is ot primary, but that it was created at intervals on. account of certain alle’ that pened to rational Beings, who came to need bodies; and again, that when ther restoration is perTetty accomplished these beds are dissolved into nothing, so that ths i forever happening. LATIN . I will certainly not I think, appear contrary to the plan ofthis work of ours i we repeat as telly as possible the argu ‘ents concerning the immortality of rational patures. Eve fone who shares in anything is undoubtedly of one substance snd The msn ie Rina ebaie se SE mete Jou Se Sinn Faia “a sous andthe “Seiten Sf tac 1 ie ‘he, ta inurl ah atl mtr whe pce Hf ha, Te by il atm ina wuss wie Sete wis 15 ete ho tage he aly, ten to ton fob ft ee Sh geet ining, Nt te sow rial mga Se ge Stn, moon laa, ft ‘ore ie sem at third ae {he tei "dtd ein’ Sed "thet es cha ‘ooeig free "Th lr tal ofthis gut Te de Surae Sf gat moet in the ets few tne fal on Se a Shoe ‘Fag, Ketch, fom Jusnon Fad Moana (ant 1X $32) cp Frag on ie E so,