UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL

CALLAO
Escuela profesional de ingeniera de sistemas

Ejercicios propuestos N4 y Laboratorio de

MATLAB

Curso: Anlisis Numrico.

Tema: Mtodo de la secante y Sistema
de Ecuaciones Lineales.
Profesor: Manuel Alcntara R.
Alumno: BFLM
Codigo:

Callao 2013

Ejercicios propuestos

1. Resolver por el mtodo de la secante

x x2=0 comenzando con

x=1.5,x=2.5 y aceptando una tolerancia menor del 1%

f ( x )=x 2x2
f ( 1.5 )=(1.5)2( 1.5 )2=1.25
f ( 2.5 ) =(2.5)2( 2.5 ) 2=1.75
Primera iteracin

r 3=r 2

f (r 2)
f ( r 2) f (r 1)
r 2r 1

r 3=2.5

1.75
( 1.75 )(1.25)
2.51.5

r 3=1.916666667
2
f ( 1.916666667 )=(1.916666667) ( 1.916666667 )2=0.243055554

r 2r 3
100
r3

100| =30.43478261
|2.51.916666667
1.916666667

Segunda iteracin

r 4 =1.916666667

0.243055554
0.2430555541.75
1.9166666672.5

r 4 =1.987804878
f ( 1.987804878 )=(1.987804878)2 ( 1.987804878 )2=0.036436645
100| =3.578732087
|1.9166666671.987804878
1.987804878

Tercera iteracin

r 5=1.987804878

0.036436645
0.036436645(0.243055554)
1.9878048781.916666667

r 5=2.000349895
f ( 2.000349895 )=(2.000349895)2( 2.000349895 )2=0.001049807633
100| =0.627141133
|1.9878048782.000349895
2.000349895

2. Usar el mtodo de la secante para aproximar la raz de

f ( x )=arctan ( x 2 x +1) comenzando con

x 0=0 y x1=1 , y hasta que

||<1
f ( x )=arctan ( x 2 x +1)
f ( 0 )=arctan ( 02(0)+1 )=45
f ( 1 )=arctan ( 12(1)+ 1) =0
Primera iteracin

r 3=1

0
045
10

r 3=1
f ( 1 )=arctan ( 12(1)+ 1) =0

r 2r 3
100
r3

|111 100|=0

3. Implemente en MATLAB el mtodo de la secante

disp('METODO DE LA SECANTE');
disp('====================');
f=input('Ingrese la funcin: ','s');
ezplot(f);

grid on;
a=input('Ingrese primer valor inicial (X(i-1)): ');
b=input('Ingrese segundo valor inicial (X(i)) : ');
error=input('Ingrese el error: ');
i=2;
x(i-1)=a;
x(i)=b;
f=inline(f);
E(2)=1;
while abs(E(i))>=error;
x(i+1)=x(i)-(((f(x(i)))*(x(i)-x(i-1)))/(f(x(i))-f(x(i-1))));
E(i+1)=abs((x(i+1)-x(i))/x(i+1));
i=i+1;
end
fprintf(' i
x(i+1)
Error aprox(i) \n');
for j=2:1:i;
fprintf('%2d \t %11.9f \t %7.9f \n',j-2,x(j),E(j));
end
4. Pruebe los ejercicios 1 y 2 usando el programa en MATLAB
1)

2)

Ejercicios Propuestos
1. Resolver por el mtodo de Gauss
a) 2x1-x2+x3=-1
x1+x2+3x3=0
3x1+3x2+5x3=0

f3-3f2

2 1 1 1
1 1 3 0
3 3 5 0

2 1 1 1
1 1
3 0
0 0 4 0

RESPUESTA:
-4x3=0

f2-1/2f1
2f2

2 1 1 1
0 3
5 1
0 0 4 0

x3=0

3x2+5(0)=1

x2=1/3

2x1-(1/3)+(0)=1

x1=-1/3

b) -3x1+x2-x3=-4
5x1-2x2+3x3=6
-x1+x2+3x3=0

[
[
[

3 1 1 4
5 2 3
6
1 1
3
0
3 1 1 4
3 0 3 6
0 1 6
2

3 1 1 4
0 1 2 2
0
0
4
0

f2-f1

RESPUESTA:
4x3=0
-x2-2(0)=-2

x3=0
x2=2

-3x1+1(2)-1(0)=-4 x1=2

c) 4x1+x2-2x3=-3
3x1-x2+4x3=-2
-x1+x2+x3=5

[
[

2f3
f3+f1
f3+f2

]
]

3 1 1 4
5 2 3
6f2+2f1
0
1
6
2 3f2
3 1 1 f3+f2
4
0 1 2 2
0
1
6 f2-f1
2

4
1 2 3
3 1 4 2
1 1
1
5

4 1 2 3
0 2 7 13
0 5 2 17

f2+3f3
f2-f1

4 1 2 3
0 2 7 13
1 1 1
5

4 1 2 3
2f3-2f20 2
7
13
0 5 31 31

RESPUESTA:
-31x3=-31

x3=1

2x2+7x3=13

x2=3

4x1+x2-2x3=-3

x1=-1

d) x1+5x2+3x3=7

[
[

2x1+7x2+4x3=28
4x1-5x2+9x3=15
1 5 3 7
2 7 4 28 f3-2f2
4 5 9 15

1
5
3
7
2 3 2 14
0 19 1 41

3f3-19f2

RESPUESTA:
-41x3=-389

1
5
3
7
2
7
4 28
0 19 1 41

1 5
3
7
0 3 2
14
0 0 41 389

x3=9.48

-3x2-2x3=14

x2=-10.98

x1+5x2+3x3=7

x1=33.46

f2-2f1

4f3+f1

2. Resolver por el metodo de Gauss Jordan

a) 4x1+3x2-2x3=27
-7x1-0.4x2+0.2x3=6.88
2x1+25x2+x3=14.9

[
[
[
[
[

4
3 7 27
175 10 5 172
20
250 10 149

(x25): -175x1+10x2-5x3=172
(x10): 20x1+250x2+10x3=149

[
[

4f2+175f

4 3
7
27
113f3-47f2
0 565 1245 5413 4f2+175f
0 235
45
14

4
3
7
27
0 565 1245 5413
20 250
10
149
4 3
7
27
0 565 1245 5413
0 0 63600
29

f3-5f1

63600f19f2

113f1-9f2
4
3
7
27
0 2395600
0
1966313
0
0
63600 252829

254400 190800
0
52603
0
2395600
0
1966313
0
0
63600 252829

28747200
0
0
23640956
0
2395600
0
1966313
0
0
63600 252829

RESPUESTA:
63600x3=-252829

x3=-3.975298

2395600x2=1966313

x2=0.820801

28747200x1=-23640956
b) 3.141x1+3.95x2+3x3=43.098
3141x1+3950x2+3000x3=43098
12x1-0.3x2-1.85x3=19.65
-66.6x1-0.94x2-x3=-20.98
1049

x1=-0.822374
(x1000):
(x100): 1200x1+30x2-185x3=1965
(x50): -3330x1-47x2-50x3=-

3141 3950 3000 43098

1200 30 185 1965
111f2-40f3
3330 47
50
1049

[
[

3141
3950
3000
43098
1450f3 +
0
1450
22535
176155
2555097f
0
2555097 1092550 15580159
2

3141 3950
3000
43098
0
1450
22535
176155
0
0
59163308400 427501881500

29f1-193f2

3141 3950
3000
43098
0
1450 22535 176155
349f3-370f1
3330 47
50
1049

91089
0
3219365
23235703
11832661680f1+643873f
0
1450
22535
176155
3
0
0
59163308400 427501881500

1077825319769520
0
0
23235703
11832661680f2-4507f3
0
1450
22535
176155
0
0
59163308400 427501881500

1077825319769520
0
0
316706451088460
0
17157359436000
0
157631538319900
0
0
59163308400
427501881500

RESPUESTA:
1077825319769520x1=316706451088460 x1=0.29383838
171573594360000x2=157631538319900

x2=9.1874008

-59163308400x3=427501881500

x3=-7.2257940

c) x+y+2z=8
-x-2y +3z=1
3x-2y+4z=10

[
[
[

1
1 2 8 f2+f1
1 2 3 1
3 2 4 10
1 1
2
8
0 1
5
9
0 0 27 59

27
0
54 164
0 27
0 52
0
0
27 59

27f2+5f3

1 1 2f3-3f1
8
0 1 5 9
3 2 4 10

1 1
2 f3-5f2
8
0 1 5
9
0 5 2 14

1
1
2227f2+5f3
8
0 27
0 52
0
0
27 59

f1+2f3

RESPUESTA:
27x=46

27
0
0
46
0 27
0 52
0
0
27 59

x=1.703703704

-27y=-52

y=1.925925926

-27z=-59

z=2.185185185

d) 250x1+14x2 =340
-25x1+140x2+72x3=-110
44x2+320x3-21x4=160
85x1+11x3+180x4=-220

[
[

250 14
0
0
340
25 140 72
0 110
0
44 320 21 160
85
0
11 180 220

10f2+f1
50f4-17f1

] [

250 14
0
0
340
0 1414
720
0
760
0
0
210400 14847
160
0
0
67790 909000 1707700

250
14
0
0
340
0
1414 720
0
760
0
44
320 21
160
0 238 550 9000 16780

707f3-22f2
101f4+17f2

2630f2-9f3
21040f4-6779f3
19226007813f2-133623f4
19226007813f3+14847f4

[
[
[

250
14
0
0
340
0 3718820
0
133623
3167360
0
0
210400
14847
129840
0
0
0
19226007813 36810193360

250
14
0
0
340
35749031187570
0 71498062375140660
0
0
55976999639240400
330f1-7f2
0
0
4045152043855200
0
831969478815531
21040f4-6779f3
0
0
0
19226007813
36810193360

8937257796892582500
0
0
0
1254650960124859
0
71498062375140660
0
0
55976999639240
0
0
4045152043855200
0
8319694788155
0
0
0
19226007813
36810193360

RESPUESTA:
8937257796892582500x1=1246509601248595000

x1=1.403843

71498062375140660x2=-55976999639240400

x2=-0.7829163

4045152043855200x3=-831969478815531

x3=-0.2056707

19226007812x4=-36810193360

x4=-1.91460409

e) 3x1+2x2+4x3=1

[
[

5x1-x2-3x3=-7
4x1+3x2+x3=2
3 2
4
1
5 1 3 73f2+5f1
4 3
1
2 3f3-4f1

39
0
6 39
0 13 29 26
0
0 198
0

33f1-f3
198f229f3

3
2
4
1
0 13 29
26
13f1+2f2
0
1 1313f3+f2
2

1287
0
0
1287
0
2574
0
5148
0
0
198
0

RESPUESTA:
1287x1=-1287

x1=-1

-2574x2=-5148

x2=2

-198x3=0

x3=0

f) 4x1-3x2+3x3=0

[
[

6x1+x2-9x3=9
2x1-5x2-6x3=5
4 3 3 02f2-3f1
6 1 9 9 2f3-f1
2 5 6 5

44 0 48 54
0 11 27 18
0 0 354 236

11f1+3f2
4 3
3
0
11f3+7f2
0 11 27 18
0 7 15 10

2596
0
0
1298
0
1298
0
0
0
0
354 236

RESPUESTA:
2596x1=1298

x1=0.5

1298x2=0

x2=0

-354x3=236

x3=-0.66

3. Resolver por el mtodo de Jacobi

a) 4x1-x2=1
x 01 =0
-x1+4x2-x3=1
-x2+4x3-x4=1
0
x 2 =0
-x3+4x4=1
x 03 =0

PRIMERA ITERACION:
x 11 =

1+ x 2
=0.25
4

118f2-9f3
59f1-8f3

x2 =

1+ x 1 + x 3
=0.25
4

x 13 =

1+ x 2 + x 4
=0.25
4

x 14 =

1+ x 3
=0.25
4

SEGUNDA ITERACION:
x 21 =

1+0.25
=0.3125
4

x 22 =

1+0.25+ 0.25
=0.375
4

x 23

1+0.25+ 0.25
=
=0.375
4

x 24 =

|00.25|100
ERROR:
= 100%
|0.25|

ERROR:

|0.250.375|100
=
|0.375|

1+0.25
=0.3125
4

TERCERA ITERACION:
x 31 =

1+0.375
=0.34375
4

x 32 =

1+0.3125+ 0.375
=0.421875
4

x 33 =

1+0.375+ 0.3125
=0.421875
4

x 34 =

1+0.375
=0.34375
4

|0.3750.421875|100
ERROR:
=
|0.421875|

CUARTA ITERACION:
4

x1 =
4

x2 =
x 43

1+0.421875
=0.35546875
4
1+0.34375+ 0.421875
=0.44140625
4

1+0.421875+ 0.34375
ERROR:
=
=0.44140625
4

|0.4218750.44140625|100
=
|0.44140625|

x 44 =

QUINTA ITERACION:
x 51 =

1+0.44140625
=0.3603515625
4

x 52 =

1+0.35546875+ 0.44140625
=0.44921875
4

x 53 =

|0.355468750.3603515625|100
1+0.44140625+ 0.35546875
ERROR:
|0.44921875|
=0.44921875
4

x4 =

1+0.421875
=0.35546875
4

1+0.44140625
=0.3603515625
4

SEXTA ITERACION:
6

x1 =

1+0.44921875
=0.3623046875
4

x2 =

1+0.3603515625+ 0.44921875
=0.4523925781
4

x 63 =

|0.449218750.4523925781|100
1+0.44921875+ 0.3603515625
ERROR:
=
|0.4523925781|
=0.4523925781
4

x 64 =

1+0.44921875
=0.3623046875
4

RESPUESTA:
X1= 0.3623046875
X2= 0.4523925781
X3= 0.4523925781
X4= 0.3623046875

b) 10x1+2x2+6x3=28
x1+10x2+4x3=7
2x1-7x2-10x3=-17

PRIMERA ITERACION:
x1 =

282 x2 6 x3
=2.8
10

x 12 =

7x 14 x3
=0.7
10

x 13 =

17+ 2 x 17 x 2
=1.7
10

x 3 =0

x1 =

282 ( 0.7 )6(1.7)

=1.64
10

x 22 =

72.84 (1.7)
=-0.26
10

x 23

17+ 2 ( 2.8 )7(0.7)

=
=1.77
10

|02.8|100
ERROR:
= 100%
|2.8|

ERROR:

|2.81.64|100
|1.77|

TERCERA ITERACION:
3

x1 =
3

x2 =
x 33

x 02 =0

SEGUNDA ITERACION:
2

x 1 =0

282 (0.26 )6 (1.77)

=1.79
10
71.644 (1.77)
=-0.172
10

17+ 2 ( 1.64 )7(0.26)

=
=2.21
10

|1.772.21|100
ERROR:
=
|2.21|

CUARTA ITERACION:
x 41 =

282 (0.172 ) 6(2.21)

=1.5084
10

x 42 =

71.794 (2.21)
=-0.363
10
ERROR:

|1.791.5084|100
=
|2.1784|

x 43 =

17+ 2 ( 1.79 ) 7(0.172)

=2.1784
10

QUINTA ITERACION:
5

x1 =
5

x2 =
x 53

282 (0.363 )6(2.1784)

=1.56556
10
71.50844 (2.1784)
=-0.3222
10

|2.17842.25578|100
|2.25578|

17+ 2 ( 1.5084 )7(0.363)

ERROR:
=
=2.25578
10

= 3.43%

SEXTA ITERACION:
x 61 =

282 (0.3222 ) 6(2.25578)

=1.510972
10

x 62 =

71.565564 (2.25578)
=-0.358868
10

6
3

ERROR:
17+ 2 ( 1.56556 )7(0.3222)
=
=2.238652
10

= 2.43%

SEPTIMA ITERACION:
7

x1 =

282 (0.358868 )6(2.238652)

=1.5285824
10

x2 =

71.5109724( 2.238652)
=-0.346558
10

x 73 =

17+ 2 ( 1.510972 )7 (0.358868)

=2.253402
10

|2.2386522.253402|100
ERROR:
|2.253402|

RESPUESTA:
X1=1.5285824
X2=-0.346558
X3=2.253402
c) -5

|1.565561.510972|100
|2.238652|

x1

x2

x3

=20

x 1 =0
x 02 =0
x 03 =0

= 0.65%

x1

+5

x1

x2
x2

x2 =
x 13

-5

x3

=5

x 2x 320
=-4
5
10x 1x 3
=2
5
ERROR:

|0(4 )|100
|4|

= 100%

SEGUNDA ITERACION:
x 21 =

2(1 )20
=-3.4
5

x 22 =

10(4 )(1)
=3
5
2(4 )5
=0.2
5

ERROR:

|10.2|100
=35.29
|3.4|

TERCERA ITERACION:
x 31 =

30.220
=-3.44
5

x2 =

10(3.4 )0.2
=2.64
5

x 33 =

3(3.4 ) 5
=0.28
5

=10

x 2x 15
=
=-1
5

x 23 =

x3

PRIMERA ITERACION:
x 11 =

|32.64|100
ERROR:
=
|3.44|

CUARTA ITERACION:
x 41 =
4

x2 =

2.640.2820
=-3.528
5
10(3.44 )0.28
=2.632
5

ERROR:

|3.44(3.528)|100
|3.528|

x 43 =

2.64(3.44 )5
=0.216
5

QUINTA ITERACION:
x 51 =

2.6320.21620
=-3.5168
5

x 52 =

10(3.528 )0.216
=2.6624
5

5
3

2.632(3.528 )5
ERROR:
=
=0.232
5

|2.6322.6624|100
|3.5168|

RESPUESTA:
X1=-3.5168
X2=2.6624
X3=0.232

4. Resolver por el Metodo de Gauss-Seidal

a) 2x-y=3
X0=0
-x+2y=-3
Y0=0

PRIMERA ITERACION:
X1=

3+ y
2 =1.5

ERROR:

|01.5|100
= 100%
|1.5|

x3
Y=
2 =-0.75
1

SEGUNDA ITERACION:
X1=

3+(0.75)
=1.125
2

Y1=

1.1253
=-0.9375
2

TERCERA ITERACION:

ERROR:

|1.51.125|100
=
|1.125|

X1=

3+(0.9375)
=1.03125
2

Y1=

1.031253
=-0.984375
2

ERROR:

|1.1251.03125|100
=
|1.03125|

CUARTA ITERACION:
3+(0.984375)
ERROR:
X=
=1.0078125|1.031251.0078125|100
2
= 2.32%
|1.0078125|
1.00781253
Y1=
=-0.99609375
2
1

QUINTA ITERACION:
3+(0.99609375)
ERROR:
=1.001953125
2
|1.00781251.001953125|100
= 0.58%
|1.001953125|
1.0019531253
1
Y=
=-0.999023438
2
X1=

RESPUESTA:
X=1.001953125
Y=-0.999023438

c) 9x1+2x2+3x3=56.5
4x1+10x2+8x3=142
2x1+6x2+7x3=89.5

PRIMERA ITERACION:
x 11 =
1

x2 =
x 13

56.52 x 23 x 3
=6.2777
9
1424 x 18 x 3
=11.6888
10

89.52 x1 6 x2
=
=0.973114
7

SEGUNDA ITERACION:

ERROR:

|011.6888|100
=
|11.6888|

x 21 =
2

x2 =
x 23

x 33

56.52 (12.07915 )3(1.41532)

=3.121748
9
1424 ( 3.121748 ) 8(1.41532)
=11.819044
10

|1.415321.763177|100
=
|11.819044|

89.52 ( 3.121748 )6 (11.819044) ERROR:

=
=1.763177
7

CUARTA ITERACION:
x 41 =
4

x2 =
x 43

56.52 (11.819044 ) 3(1.763177)

=3.0635978
9
1424 ( 3.0635978 ) 8(1.763177)
=11.564019
10

ERROR:
89.52 ( 3.0635978 )6 (11.564019) |11.81904411.564019|100
=
=1.998384
=2.20
7
|11.564019|

QUINTA ITERACION:
x 51 =
5

x2 =
x 53

|6.27773.35589|100
|12.07915|

TERCERA ITERACION:

x2 =

1424 ( 3.35589 ) 8(0.973114 )

=12.07915
10

ERROR:
89.52 ( 3.35589 )6 (12.07915)
=
=1.41532
7

x 31 =

56.52 (11.6888 )3 (0.973114)

=3.35589
9

56.52 (11.564019 )3( 1.998384)

=3.041867
9
1424 ( 3.041867 )8(1.998384)
=11.384546
10

ERROR:
89.52 ( 3.041867 )6 (11.384546) |11.56401911.384546|100
=
=2.15842 |11.384546|
7
= 1.57%

SEXTA ITERACION:
x 61 =

56.52 (11.384546 )3 (2.15842)

=3.028405
9

1424 ( 3.028405 ) 8(2.15842)

=11.261902
10
ERROR:
|11.38454611.261902|100
89.52 ( 3.028405 )6 (11.261902)
= 1.08%
|11.261902|
=
=2.2673968
7

x 62 =
6

x3

SEPTIMA ITERACION:
x 71 =
x 72 =
x 73 =

56.52 (11.261902 )3(2.2673968)

=3.019333
9
1424 ( 3.019333 ) 8(2.2673968)
=11.178349|11.26190211.178349|100
10
ERROR:
|11.178349|
89.52 ( 3.019333 )6 (11.178349)
7

=2.3416057

RESPUESTA:
X1=3.019333
X2=11.178349
X3=2.3416057
5. Hacer programas en MATLAB para implementar los mtodos:
a. Mtodo Jacobi
b. Mtodo Gauss-Seidal
a. MTODO DE JACOBI
function jacobi=jacobi
r=input('Ingrese
A=input('ingrese
b=input('ingrese
H=input('cuantas

el numero ecuaciones: ');

la matriz A:');
la matriz b:');
iteraciones:');

X0=zeros(1,r);K=0;Norma=1;
fprintf(' K
X(1)
X(2)
X(3)
while Norma>0.0001
K=K+1;
fprintf('%2d',K)
for i=1:r
suma=0;
for j=1:r
if i ~=j
suma=suma+A(i,j)*X0(j);
end
end

X(4)

Norma\n')

X(i)=(b(i)-suma)/A(i,i);
fprintf('%10.6f',X(i))

end
Norma=norm(X0-X);fprintf('%10.6f\n',Norma)
X0=X;
if K>=H
break
end

end

b. MTODO GAUSS SEIDAL

function gaussseidelb=gaussseidelb()
format long
e=input(Ingrese el numero de ecuaciones:');
A=input('Ingrese la matriz A:');
b=input('Ingrese la matriz b:');
m=input('CUANTAS ITERACIONES DESEA HACER:');
XO=zeros(1,e);X=XO; K=0;Norma=1;
while Norma>0.00001
K=K+1; fprintf ('%d', K)
for i=1:e
suma=0;
for j=1:e
if i ~= j
suma=suma+A(i,j)*X(j);
end
end
X(i)=(b(i)-suma)/A(i,i); fprintf ('%10.6f',X(i))
end
Norma=norm(XO-X); fprintf('%10.6f\n',Norma)
X0=X;
if K>m
break
end

end