Está en la página 1de 16

Apndice A

TABLA A-1

749

Probabilidades binomiales
p

.01

.05

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

.95

.99

0
1
2

.980
.020
0+

.902
.095
.002

.810
.180
.010

.640
.320
.040

.490
.420
.090

.360
.480
.160

.250
.500
.250

.160
.480
.360

.090
.420
.490

.040
.320
.640

.010
.180
.810

.002
.095
.902

0+
.020
.980

0
1
2

0
1
2
3

.970
.029
0+
0+

.857
.135
.007
0+

.729
.243
.027
.001

.512
.384
.096
.008

.343
.441
.189
.027

.216
.432
.288
.064

.125
.375
.375
.125

.064
.288
.432
.216

.027
.189
.441
.343

.008
.096
.384
.512

.001
.027
.243
.729

0+
.007
.135
.857

0+
0+
.029
.970

0
1
2
3

0
1
2
3
4

.961
.039
.001
0+
0+

.815
.171
.014
0+
0+

.656
.292
.049
.004
0+

.410
.410
.154
.026
.002

.240
.412
.265
.076
.008

.130
.346
.346
.154
.026

.062
.250
.375
.250
.062

.026
.154
.346
.346
.130

.008
.076
.265
.412
.240

.002
.026
.154
.410
.410

0+
.004
.049
.292
.656

0+
0+
.014
.171
.815

0+
0+
.001
.039
.961

0
1
2
3
4

0
1
2
3
4

.951
.048
.001
0+
0+

.774
.204
.021
.001
0+

.590
.328
.073
.008
0+

.328
.410
.205
.051
.006

.168
.360
.309
.132
.028

.078
.259
.346
.230
.077

.031
.156
.312
.312
.156

.010
.077
.230
.346
.259

.002
.028
.132
.309
.360

0+
.006
.051
.205
.410

0+
0+
.008
.073
.328

0+
0+
.001
.021
.204

0+
0+
0+
.001
.048

0
1
2
3
4

0+

0+

0+

0+

.002

.010

.031

.078

.168

.328

.590

.774

.951

0
1
2
3
4

.941
.057
.001
0+
0+

.735
.232
.031
.002
0+

.531
.354
.098
.015
.001

.262
.393
.246
.082
.015

.118
.303
.324
.185
.060

.047
.187
.311
.276
.138

.016
.094
.234
.312
.234

.004
.037
.138
.276
.311

.001
.010
.060
.185
.324

0+
.002
.015
.082
.246

0+
0+
.001
.015
.098

0+
0+
0+
.002
.031

0+
0+
0+
0+
.001

0
1
2
3
4

5
6

0+
0+

0+
0+

0+
0+

.002
0+

.010
.001

.037
.004

.094
.016

.187
.047

.303
.118

.393
.262

.354
.531

.232
.735

.057
.941

5
6

0
1
2
3
4

.932
.066
.002
0+
0+

.698
.257
.041
.004
0+

.478
.372
.124
.023
.003

.210
.367
.275
.115
.029

.082
.247
.318
.227
.097

.028
.131
.261
.290
.194

.008
.055
.164
.273
.273

.002
.017
.077
.194
.290

0+
.004
.025
.097
.227

0+
0+
.004
.029
.115

0+
0+
0+
.003
.023

0+
0+
0+
0+
.004

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0
1
2
3
4

5
6
7

0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+

.004
0+
0+

.025
.004
0+

.077
.017
.002

.164
.055
.008

.261
.131
.028

.318
.247
.082

.275
.367
.210

.124
.372
.478

.041
.257
.698

.002
.066
.932

5
6
7

0
1
2
3
4

.923
.075
.003
0+
0+

.663
.279
.051
.005
0+

.430
.383
.149
.033
.005

.168
.336
.294
.147
.046

.058
.198
.296
.254
.136

.017
.090
.209
.279
.232

.004
.031
.109
.219
.273

.001
.008
.041
.124
.232

0+
.001
.010
.047
.136

0+
0+
.001
.009
.046

0+
0+
0+
0+
.005

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0
1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8

0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+

.009
.001
0+
0+

.047
.010
.001
0+

.124
.041
.008
.001

.219
.109
.031
.004

.279
.209
.090
.017

.254
.296
.198
.058

.147
.294
.336
.168

.033
.149
.383
.430

.005
.051
.279
.663

0+
.003
.075
.923

5
6
7
8

NOTA: 0+ representa una probabilidad positiva menor que 0.0005.

(contina)

750

Apndice A

TABLA A-1

Probabilidades binomiales (continuacin)


p

.01

.05

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

.95

.99

0
1
2
3
4

.914
.083
.003
0+
0+

.630
.299
.063
.008
.001

.387
.387
.172
.045
.007

.134
.302
.302
.176
.066

.040
.156
.267
.267
.172

.010
.060
.161
.251
.251

.002
.018
.070
.164
.246

0+
.004
.021
.074
.167

0+
0+
.004
.021
.074

0+
0+
0+
.003
.017

0+
0+
0+
0+
.001

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0
1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8
9

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

.001
0+
0+
0+
0+

.017
.003
0+
0+
0+

.074
.021
.004
0+
0+

.167
.074
.021
.004
0+

.246
.164
.070
.018
.002

.251
.251
.161
.060
.010

.172
.267
.267
.156
.040

.066
.176
.302
.302
.134

.007
.045
.172
.387
.387

.001
.008
.063
.299
.630

0+
0+
.003
.083
.914

5
6
7
8
9

0
1
2
3
4

.904
.091
.004
0+
0+

.599
.315
.075
.010
.001

.349
.387
.194
.057
.011

.107
.268
.302
.201
.088

.028
.121
.233
.267
.200

.006
.040
.121
.215
.251

.001
.010
.044
.117
.205

0+
.002
.011
.042
.111

0+
0+
.001
.009
.037

0+
0+
0+
.001
.006

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0
1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8
9

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

.001
0+
0+
0+
0+

.026
.006
.001
0+
0+

.103
.037
.009
.001
0+

.201
.111
.042
.011
.002

.246
.205
.117
.044
.010

.201
.251
.215
.121
.040

.103
.200
.267
.233
.121

.026
.088
.201
.302
.268

.001
.011
.057
.194
.387

0+
.001
.010
.075
.315

0+
0+
0+
.004
.091

5
6
7
8
9

10

0+

0+

0+

0+

0+

0+

.001

.006

.028

.107

.349

.599

.904

10

0
1
2
3
4

.895
.099
.005
0+
0+

.569
.329
.087
.014
.001

.314
.384
.213
.071
.016

.086
.236
.295
.221
.111

.020
.093
.200
.257
.220

.004
.027
.089
.177
.236

0+
.005
.027
.081
.161

0+
.001
.005
.023
.070

0+
0+
.001
.004
.017

0+
0+
0+
0+
.002

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0
1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8
9

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

.002
0+
0+
0+
0+

.039
.010
.002
0+
0+

.132
.057
.017
.004
.001

.221
.147
.070
.023
.005

.226
.226
.161
.081
.027

.147
.221
.236
.177
.089

.057
.132
.220
.257
.200

.010
.039
.111
.221
.295

0+
.002
.016
.071
.213

0+
0+
.001
.014
.087

0+
0+
0+
0+
.005

5
6
7
8
9

10
11

0+
0+

0+
0+

0+
0+

0+
0+

0+
0+

.001
0+

.005
0+

.027
.004

.093
.020

.236
.086

.384
.314

.329
.569

.099
.895

10
11

0
1
2
3
4

.886
.107
.006
0+
0+

.540
.341
.099
.017
.002

.282
.377
.230
.085
.021

.069
.206
.283
.236
.133

.014
.071
.168
.240
.231

.002
.017
.064
.142
.213

0+
.003
.016
.054
.121

0+
0+
.002
.012
.042

0+
0+
0+
.001
.008

0+
0+
0+
0+
.001

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0
1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8
9

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

.004
0+
0+
0+
0+

.053
.016
.003
.001
0+

.158
.079
.029
.008
.001

.227
.177
.101
.042
.012

.193
.226
.193
.121
.054

.101
.177
.227
.213
.142

.029
.079
.158
.231
.240

.003
.016
.053
.133
.236

0+
0+
.004
.021
.085

0+
0+
0+
.002
.017

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

5
6
7
8
9

10
11
12

0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+

.002
0+
0+

.016
.003
0+

.064
.017
.002

.168
.071
.014

.283
.206
.069

.230
.377
.282

.099
.341
.540

.006
.107
.886

10
11
12

10

11

12

NOTA: 0+ representa una probabilidad positiva menor que 0.0005.

(contina)

Apndice A

TABLA A-1

751

Probabilidades binomiales (continuacin)


p

.01

.05

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

13

0
1
2
3
4

.878
.115
.007
0+
0+

.513
.351
.111
.021
.003

.254
.367
.245
.100
.028

.055
.179
.268
.246
.154

.010
.054
.139
.218
.234

.001
.011
.045
.111
.184

0+
.002
.010
.035
.087

0+
0+
.001
.006
.024

5
6
7
8
9

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

.006
.001
0+
0+
0+

.069
.023
.006
.001
0+

.180
.103
.044
.014
.003

.221
.197
.131
.066
.024

.157
.209
.209
.157
.087

10
11
12
13

0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+

.001
0+
0+
0+

.006
.001
0+
0+

0
1
2
3
4

.869
.123
.008
0+
0+

.488
.359
.123
.026
.004

.229
.356
.257
.114
.035

.044
.154
.250
.250
.172

.007
.041
.113
.194
.229

5
6
7
8
9

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

.008
.001
0+
0+
0+

.086
.032
.009
.002
0+

10
11
12
13
14

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0
1
2
3
4

.860
.130
.009
0+
0+

.463
.366
.135
.031
.005

5
6
7
8
9

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

10
11
12
13
14
15

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

14

15

.80

.90

.95

.99

0+
0+
0+
.001
.003

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0
1
2
3
4

.066
.131
.197
.221
.184

.014
.044
.103
.180
.234

.001
.006
.023
.069
.154

0+
0+
.001
.006
.028

0+
0+
0+
0+
.003

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

5
6
7
8
9

.035
.010
.002
0+

.111
.045
.011
.001

.218
.139
.054
.010

.246
.268
.179
.055

.100
.245
.367
.254

.021
.111
.351
.513

0+
.007
.115
.878

10
11
12
13

.001
.007
.032
.085
.155

0+
.001
.006
.022
.061

0+
0+
.001
.003
.014

0+
0+
0+
0+
.001

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0
1
2
3
4

.196
.126
.062
.023
.007

.207
.207
.157
.092
.041

.122
.183
.209
.183
.122

.041
.092
.157
.207
.207

.007
.023
.062
.126
.196

0+
.002
.009
.032
.086

0+
0+
0+
.001
.008

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

5
6
7
8
9

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

.001
0+
0+
0+
0+

.014
.003
.001
0+
0+

.061
.022
.006
.001
0+

.155
.085
.032
.007
.001

.229
.194
.113
.041
.007

.172
.250
.250
.154
.044

.035
.114
.257
.356
.229

.004
.026
.123
.359
.488

0+
0+
.008
.123
.869

10
11
12
13
14

.206
.343
.267
.129
.043

.035
.132
.231
.250
.188

.005
.031
.092
.170
.219

0+
.005
.022
.063
.127

0+
0+
.003
.014
.042

0+
0+
0+
.002
.007

0+
0+
0+
0+
.001

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0
1
2
3
4

.001
0+
0+
0+
0+

.010
.002
0+
0+
0+

.103
.043
.014
.003
.001

.206
.147
.081
.035
.012

.186
.207
.177
.118
.061

.092
.153
.196
.196
.153

.024
.061
.118
.177
.207

.003
.012
.035
.081
.147

0+
.001
.003
.014
.043

0+
0+
0+
0+
.002

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

5
6
7
8
9

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

0+
0+
0+
0+
0+
0+

.003
.001
0+
0+
0+
0+

.024
.007
.002
0+
0+
0+

.092
.042
.014
.003
0+
0+

.186
.127
.063
.022
.005
0+

.206
.219
.170
.092
.031
.005

.103
.188
.250
.231
.132
.035

.010
.043
.129
.267
.343
.206

.001
.005
.031
.135
.366
.463

0+
0+
0+
.009
.130
.860

10
11
12
13
14
15

NOTA: 0+ representa una probabilidad positiva menor que 0.0005.


De Frederick C. Mosteller, Robert E. K. Rourke y George B. Thomas, Jr., Probability with Statistical Applications, 2a. ed.,
1970 Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA. Reproducido con autorizacin.

752

Apndice A

Puntuaciones z
NEGATIVAS
TABLA A-2

Distribucin normal estndar (z): rea acumulativa desde la IZQUIERDA

.00

.01

.02

.03

.04

- 3.50
y
menores
- 3.4
- 3.3
- 3.2
- 3.1
- 3.0
- 2.9
- 2.8
- 2.7
- 2.6
- 2.5
- 2.4
- 2.3
- 2.2
- 2.1
- 2.0
- 1.9
- 1.8
- 1.7
- 1.6
- 1.5
- 1.4
- 1.3
- 1.2
- 1.1
- 1.0
- 0.9
- 0.8
- 0.7
- 0.6
- 0.5
- 0.4
- 0.3
- 0.2
- 0.1

.0001
.0003
.0005
.0007
.0010
.0013
.0019
.0026
.0035
.0047
.0062
.0082
.0107
.0139
.0179
.0228
.0287
.0359
.0446
.0548
.0668
.0808
.0968
.1151
.1357
.1587
.1841
.2119
.2420
.2743
.3085
.3446
.3821
.4207
.4602

.0003
.0005
.0007
.0009
.0013
.0018
.0025
.0034
.0045
.0060
.0080
.0104
.0136
.0174
.0222
.0281
.0351
.0436
.0537
.0655
.0793
.0951
.1131
.1335
.1562
.1814
.2090
.2389
.2709
.3050
.3409
.3783
.4168
.4562

.0003
.0005
.0006
.0009
.0013
.0018
.0024
.0033
.0044
.0059
.0078
.0102
.0132
.0170
.0217
.0274
.0344
.0427
.0526
.0643
.0778
.0934
.1112
.1314
.1539
.1788
.2061
.2358
.2676
.3015
.3372
.3745
.4129
.4522

.0003
.0004
.0006
.0009
.0012
.0017
.0023
.0032
.0043
.0057
.0075
.0099
.0129
.0166
.0212
.0268
.0336
.0418
.0516
.0630
.0764
.0918
.1093
.1292
.1515
.1762
.2033
.2327
.2643
.2981
.3336
.3707
.4090
.4483

.0003
.0004
.0006
.0008
.0012
.0016
.0023
.0031
.0041
.0055
.0073
.0096
.0125
.0162
.0207
.0262
.0329
.0409
.0505
.0618
.0749
.0901
.1075
.1271
.1492
.1736
.2005
.2296
.2611
.2946
.3300
.3669
.4052
.4443

- 0.0

.5000

.4960

.4920

.4880

.4840

NOTA: En el caso de valores de z por debajo de -3.49, utilice


0.0001 para el rea.
*Utilice estos valores comunes que resultan de la interpolacin:
Puntuacin z
- 1.645
- 2.575

rea
0.0500
0.0050

.05

.0003
.0004
.0006
.0008
.0011
.0016
.0022
.0030
.0040
.0054
.0071
.0094
.0122
.0158
.0202
.0256
.0322
.0401
* .0495
.0606
.0735
.0885
.1056
.1251
.1469
.1711
.1977
.2266
.2578
.2912
.3264
.3632
.4013
.4404
.4801

.06

.07

.0003
.0004
.0006
.0008
.0011
.0015
.0021
.0029
.0039
.0052
.0069
.0091
.0119
.0154
.0197
.0250
.0314
.0392
.0485
.0594
.0721
.0869
.1038
.1230
.1446
.1685
.1949
.2236
.2546
.2877
.3228
.3594
.3974
.4364

.0003
.0004
.0005
.0008
.0011
.0015
.0021
.0028
.0038
.0051
.0068
.0089
.0116
.0150
.0192
.0244
.0307
.0384
.0475
.0582
.0708
.0853
.1020
.1210
.1423
.1660
.1922
.2206
.2514
.2843
.3192
.3557
.3936
.4325

.4761

.4721

.08

.0003
.0004
.0005
.0007
.0010
.0014
.0020
.0027
.0037
* .0049
.0066
.0087
.0113
.0146
.0188
.0239
.0301
.0375
.0465
.0571
.0694
.0838
.1003
.1190
.1401
.1635
.1894
.2177
.2483
.2810
.3156
.3520
.3897
.4286
.4681

.09

.0002
.0003
.0005
.0007
.0010
.0014
.0019
.0026
.0036
.0048
.0064
.0084
.0110
.0143
.0183
.0233
.0294
.0367
.0455
.0559
.0681
.0823
.0985
.1170
.1379
.1611
.1867
.2148
.2451
.2776
.3121
.3483
.3859
.4247
.4641

Apndice A

TABLA A-2
z
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.50
y mayores

753

Puntuaciones z
POSITIVAS

(continuacin) rea acumulativa desde la IZQUIERDA


.00

.01

.02

.03

.5000
.5398
.5793
.6179
.6554
.6915
.7257
.7580
.7881
.8159
.8413
.8643
.8849
.9032
.9192
.9332
.9452
.9554
.9641
.9713
.9772
.9821
.9861
.9893
.9918
.9938
.9953
.9965
.9974
.9981
.9987
.9990
.9993
.9995
.9997
.9999

.5040
.5438
.5832
.6217
.6591
.6950
.7291
.7611
.7910
.8186
.8438
.8665
.8869
.9049
.9207
.9345
.9463
.9564
.9649
.9719
.9778
.9826
.9864
.9896
.9920
.9940
.9955
.9966
.9975
.9982
.9987
.9991
.9993
.9995
.9997

.5080
.5478
.5871
.6255
.6628
.6985
.7324
.7642
.7939
.8212
.8461
.8686
.8888
.9066
.9222
.9357
.9474
.9573
.9656
.9726
.9783
.9830
.9868
.9898
.9922
.9941
.9956
.9967
.9976
.9982
.9987
.9991
.9994
.9995
.9997

.5120
.5517
.5910
.6293
.6664
.7019
.7357
.7673
.7967
.8238
.8485
.8708
.8907
.9082
.9236
.9370
.9484
.9582
.9664
.9732
.9788
.9834
.9871
.9901
.9925
.9943
.9957
.9968
.9977
.9983
.9988
.9991
.9994
.9996
.9997

.04
.5160
.5557
.5948
.6331
.6700
.7054
.7389
.7704
.7995
.8264
.8508
.8729
.8925
.9099
.9251
.9382
.9495 *
.9591
.9671
.9738
.9793
.9838
.9875
.9904
.9927
.9945
.9959
.9969
.9977
.9984
.9988
.9992
.9994
.9996
.9997

NOTA: En el caso de valores de z por encima de 3.49, utilice


0.9999 para el rea.
*Utilice estos valores comunes que resultan de la interpolacin:
Puntuacin z
rea
1.645
0.9500
2.575
0.9950

.05

.06

.07

.5199
.5596
.5987
.6368
.6736
.7088
.7422
.7734
.8023
.8289
.8531
.8749
.8944
.9115
.9265
.9394
.9505
.9599
.9678
.9744
.9798
.9842
.9878
.9906
.9929
.9946
.9960
.9970
.9978
.9984
.9989
.9992
.9994
.9996
.9997

.5239
.5636
.6026
.6406
.6772
.7123
.7454
.7764
.8051
.8315
.8554
.8770
.8962
.9131
.9279
.9406
.9515
.9608
.9686
.9750
.9803
.9846
.9881
.9909
.9931
.9948
.9961
.9971
.9979
.9985
.9989
.9992
.9994
.9996
.9997

.5279
.5675
.6064
.6443
.6808
.7157
.7486
.7794
.8078
.8340
.8577
.8790
.8980
.9147
.9292
.9418
.9525
.9616
.9693
.9756
.9808
.9850
.9884
.9911
.9932
.9949
.9962
.9972
.9979
.9985
.9989
.9992
.9995
.9996
.9997

.08
.5319
.5714
.6103
.6480
.6844
.7190
.7517
.7823
.8106
.8365
.8599
.8810
.8997
.9162
.9306
.9429
.9535
.9625
.9699
.9761
.9812
.9854
.9887
.9913
.9934
* .9951
.9963
.9973
.9980
.9986
.9990
.9993
.9995
.9996
.9997

.09
.5359
.5753
.6141
.6517
.6879
.7224
.7549
.7852
.8133
.8389
.8621
.8830
.9015
.9177
.9319
.9441
.9545
.9633
.9706
.9767
.9817
.9857
.9890
.9916
.9936
.9952
.9964
.9974
.9981
.9986
.9990
.9993
.9995
.9997
.9998

Valores crticos comunes

Niveles de Valor
confianza crtico
0.90
1.645
0.95
1.96
0.99
2.575

754

Apndice A

TABLA A-3

Grados de
libertad
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
200
300
400
500
1000
2000
Grande

Distribucin t: Valores crticos t


0.005

0.01

rea en una cola


0.025

0.05

0.10

0.01

0.02

rea en dos colas


0.05

0.10

0.20

63.657
9.925
5.841
4.604
4.032
3.707
3.499
3.355
3.250
3.169
3.106
3.055
3.012
2.977
2.947
2.921
2.898
2.878
2.861
2.845
2.831
2.819
2.807
2.797
2.787
2.779
2.771
2.763
2.756
2.750
2.744
2.738
2.733
2.728
2.724
2.719
2.715
2.712
2.708
2.704
2.690
2.678
2.660
2.648
2.639
2.632
2.626
2.601
2.592
2.588
2.586
2.581
2.578
2.576

31.821
6.965
4.541
3.747
3.365
3.143
2.998
2.896
2.821
2.764
2.718
2.681
2.650
2.624
2.602
2.583
2.567
2.552
2.539
2.528
2.518
2.508
2.500
2.492
2.485
2.479
2.473
2.467
2.462
2.457
2.453
2.449
2.445
2.441
2.438
2.434
2.431
2.429
2.426
2.423
2.412
2.403
2.390
2.381
2.374
2.368
2.364
2.345
2.339
2.336
2.334
2.330
2.328
2.326

6.314
2.920
2.353
2.132
2.015
1.943
1.895
1.860
1.833
1.812
1.796
1.782
1.771
1.761
1.753
1.746
1.740
1.734
1.729
1.725
1.721
1.717
1.714
1.711
1.708
1.706
1.703
1.701
1.699
1.697
1.696
1.694
1.692
1.691
1.690
1.688
1.687
1.686
1.685
1.684
1.679
1.676
1.671
1.667
1.664
1.662
1.660
1.653
1.650
1.649
1.648
1.646
1.646
1.645

3.078
1.886
1.638
1.533
1.476
1.440
1.415
1.397
1.383
1.372
1.363
1.356
1.350
1.345
1.341
1.337
1.333
1.330
1.328
1.325
1.323
1.321
1.319
1.318
1.316
1.315
1.314
1.313
1.311
1.310
1.309
1.309
1.308
1.307
1.306
1.306
1.305
1.304
1.304
1.303
1.301
1.299
1.296
1.294
1.292
1.291
1.290
1.286
1.284
1.284
1.283
1.282
1.282
1.282

12.706
4.303
3.182
2.776
2.571
2.447
2.365
2.306
2.262
2.228
2.201
2.179
2.160
2.145
2.131
2.120
2.110
2.101
2.093
2.086
2.080
2.074
2.069
2.064
2.060
2.056
2.052
2.048
2.045
2.042
2.040
2.037
2.035
2.032
2.030
2.028
2.026
2.024
2.023
2.021
2.014
2.009
2.000
1.994
1.990
1.987
1.984
1.972
1.968
1.966
1.965
1.962
1.961
1.960

Cola izquierda

Valor crtico t
(negativo)

Cola derecha

Valor crtico t
(positivo)

Dos colas

a/2

Valor crtico t
(negativo)

a/2

Valor crtico t
(positivo)

Apndice A

755

Distribucin chi cuadrada (x2)

TABLA A-4

rea a la derecha del valor crtico


Grados
de
libertad

0.995

0.99

0.975

0.95

0.90

0.10

0.05

0.025

0.01

0.005

1
2
3
4
5

0.010
0.072
0.207
0.412

0.020
0.115
0.297
0.554

0.001
0.051
0.216
0.484
0.831

0.004
0.103
0.352
0.711
1.145

0.016
0.211
0.584
1.064
1.610

2.706
4.605
6.251
7.779
9.236

3.841
5.991
7.815
9.488
11.071

5.024
7.378
9.348
11.143
12.833

6.635
9.210
11.345
13.277
15.086

7.879
10.597
12.838
14.860
16.750

6
7
8
9
10

0.676
0.989
1.344
1.735
2.156

0.872
1.239
1.646
2.088
2.558

1.237
1.690
2.180
2.700
3.247

1.635
2.167
2.733
3.325
3.940

2.204
2.833
3.490
4.168
4.865

10.645
12.017
13.362
14.684
15.987

12.592
14.067
15.507
16.919
18.307

14.449
16.013
17.535
19.023
20.483

16.812
18.475
20.090
21.666
23.209

18.548
20.278
21.955
23.589
25.188

11
12
13
14
15

2.603
3.074
3.565
4.075
4.601

3.053
3.571
4.107
4.660
5.229

3.816
4.404
5.009
5.629
6.262

4.575
5.226
5.892
6.571
7.261

5.578
6.304
7.042
7.790
8.547

17.275
18.549
19.812
21.064
22.307

19.675
21.026
22.362
23.685
24.996

21.920
23.337
24.736
26.119
27.488

24.725
26.217
27.688
29.141
30.578

26.757
28.299
29.819
31.319
32.801

16
17
18
19
20

5.142
5.697
6.265
6.844
7.434

5.812
6.408
7.015
7.633
8.260

6.908
7.564
8.231
8.907
9.591

7.962
8.672
9.390
10.117
10.851

9.312
10.085
10.865
11.651
12.443

23.542
24.769
25.989
27.204
28.412

26.296
27.587
28.869
30.144
31.410

28.845
30.191
31.526
32.852
34.170

32.000
33.409
34.805
36.191
37.566

34.267
35.718
37.156
38.582
39.997

21
22
23
24
25

8.034
8.643
9.260
9.886
10.520

8.897
9.542
10.196
10.856
11.524

10.283
10.982
11.689
12.401
13.120

11.591
12.338
13.091
13.848
14.611

13.240
14.042
14.848
15.659
16.473

29.615
30.813
32.007
33.196
34.382

32.671
33.924
35.172
36.415
37.652

35.479
36.781
38.076
39.364
40.646

38.932
40.289
41.638
42.980
44.314

41.401
42.796
44.181
45.559
46.928

26
27
28
29
30

11.160
11.808
12.461
13.121
13.787

12.198
12.879
13.565
14.257
14.954

13.844
14.573
15.308
16.047
16.791

15.379
16.151
16.928
17.708
18.493

17.292
18.114
18.939
19.768
20.599

35.563
36.741
37.916
39.087
40.256

38.885
40.113
41.337
42.557
43.773

41.923
43.194
44.461
45.722
46.979

45.642
46.963
48.278
49.588
50.892

48.290
49.645
50.993
52.336
53.672

40
50
60
70
80
90
100

20.707
27.991
35.534
43.275
51.172
59.196
67.328

22.164
29.707
37.485
45.442
53.540
61.754
70.065

24.433
32.357
40.482
48.758
57.153
65.647
74.222

26.509
34.764
43.188
51.739
60.391
69.126
77.929

29.051
37.689
46.459
55.329
64.278
73.291
82.358

51.805
63.167
74.397
85.527
96.578
107.565
118.498

55.758
67.505
79.082
90.531
101.879
113.145
124.342

59.342
71.420
83.298
95.023
106.629
118.136
129.561

63.691
76.154
88.379
100.425
112.329
124.116
135.807

66.766
79.490
91.952
104.215
116.321
128.299
140.169

De Donald B. Owen, Handbook of Statistical Tables, 1962 Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc. Renovacin de los derechos
de autor 1990. Reproducido con la autorizacin de Pearson Education, Inc. Todos los derechos reservados.

Grados de libertad
n - 1
k - 1
(r - 1)(c - 1)
k - 1

para intervalos de confianza o pruebas de hiptesis con desviacin estndar o varianza


para bondad de ajuste con k categoras
para tablas de contingencia con r renglones y c columnas
para la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis con k muestras

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
q

TABLA A-5

Grados de libertad del denominador (gl2)

647.79
38.506
17.443
12.218
10.007
8.8131
8.0727
7.5709
7.2093
6.9367
6.7241
6.5538
6.4143
6.2979
6.1995
6.1151
6.0420
5.9781
5.9216
5.8715
5.8266
5.7863
5.7498
5.7166
5.6864
5.6586
5.6331
5.6096
5.5878
5.5675
5.4239
5.2856
5.1523
5.0239

1
799.50
39.000
16.044
10.649
8.4336
7.2599
6.5415
6.0595
5.7147
5.4564
5.2559
5.0959
4.9653
4.8567
4.7650
4.6867
4.6189
4.5597
4.5075
4.4613
4.4199
4.3828
4.3492
4.3187
4.2909
4.2655
4.2421
4.2205
4.2006
4.1821
4.0510
3.9253
3.8046
3.6889

2
864.16
39.165
15.439
9.9792
7.7636
6.5988
5.8898
5.4160
5.0781
4.8256
4.6300
4.4742
4.3472
4.2417
4.1528
4.0768
4.0112
3.9539
3.9034
3.8587
3.8188
3.7829
3.7505
3.7211
3.6943
3.6697
3.6472
3.6264
3.6072
3.5894
3.4633
3.3425
3.2269
3.1161

3
899.58
39.248
15.101
9.6045
7.3879
6.2272
5.5226
5.0526
4.7181
4.4683
4.2751
4.1212
3.9959
3.8919
3.8043
3.7294
3.6648
3.6083
3.5587
3.5147
3.4754
3.4401
3.4083
3.3794
3.3530
3.3289
3.3067
3.2863
3.2674
3.2499
3.1261
3.0077
2.8943
2.7858

4
921.85
39.298
14.885
9.3645
7.1464
5.9876
5.2852
4.8173
4.4844
4.2361
4.0440
3.8911
3.7667
3.6634
3.5764
3.5021
3.4379
3.3820
3.3327
3.2891
3.2501
3.2151
3.1835
3.1548
3.1287
3.1048
3.0828
3.0626
3.0438
3.0265
2.9037
2.7863
2.6740
2.5665

5
937.11
39.331
14.735
9.1973
6.9777
5.8198
5.1186
4.6517
4.3197
4.0721
3.8807
3.7283
3.6043
3.5014
3.4147
3.3406
3.2767
3.2209
3.1718
3.1283
3.0895
3.0546
3.0232
2.9946
2.9685
2.9447
2.9228
2.9027
2.8840
2.8667
2.7444
2.6274
2.5154
2.4082

Grados de libertad del numerador (gl1)

Distribucin F (a = 0.025 en la cola derecha)

948.22
956.66
39.335
39.373
14.624
14.540
9.0741
8.9796
6.8531
6.7572
5.6955
5.5996
4.9949
4.8993
4.5286
4.4333
4.1970
4.1020
3.9498
3.8549
3.7586
3.6638
3.6065
3.5118
3.4827
3.3880
3.3799
3.2853
3.2934
3.1987
3.2194
3.1248
3.1556
3.0610
3.0999
3.0053
3.0509
2.9563
3.0074
2.9128
2.9686
2.8740
2.9338
2.8392
2.9023
2.8077
2.8738
2.7791
2.8478
2.7531
2.8240
2.7293
2.8021
2.7074
2.7820
2.6872
2.7633
2.6686
2.7460
2.6513
2.6238
2.5289
2.5068
2.4117
2.3948
2.2994
2.2875
2.1918

(contina)

963.28
39.387
14.473
8.9047
6.6811
5.5234
4.8232
4.3572
4.0260
3.7790
3.5879
3.4358
3.3120
3.2093
3.1227
3.0488
2.9849
2.9291
2.8801
2.8365
2.7977
2.7628
2.7313
2.7027
2.6766
2.6528
2.6309
2.6106
2.5919
2.5746
2.4519
2.3344
2.2217
2.1136

0. 025

756
Apndice A

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
q

12

15

20

24

968.63
976.71
984.87
993.10
997.25
39.398
39.415
39.431
39.448
39.456
14.419
14.337
14.253
14.167
14.124
8.8439
8.7512
8.6565
8.5599
8.5109
6.6192
6.5245
6.4277
6.3286
6.2780
5.4613
5.3662
5.2687
5.1684
5.1172
4.7611
4.6658
4.5678
4.4667
4.4150
4.2951
4.1997
4.1012
3.9995
3.9472
3.9639
3.8682
3.7694
3.6669
3.6142
3.7168
3.6209
3.5217
3.4185
3.3654
3.5257
3.4296
3.3299
3.2261
3.1725
3.3736
3.2773
3.1772
3.0728
3.0187
3.2497
3.1532
3.0527
2.9477
2.8932
3.1469
3.0502
2.9493
2.8437
2.7888
3.0602
2.9633
2.8621
2.7559
2.7006
2.9862
2.8890
2.7875
2.6808
2.6252
2.9222
2.8249
2.7230
2.6158
2.5598
2.8664
2.7689
2.6667
2.5590
2.5027
2.8172
2.7196
2.6171
2.5089
2.4523
2.7737
2.6758
2.5731
2.4645
2.4076
2.7348
2.6368
2.5338
2.4247
2.3675
2.6998
2.6017
2.4984
2.3890
2.3315
2.6682
2.5699
2.4665
2.3567
2.2989
2.6396
2.5411
2.4374
2.3273
2.2693
2.6135
2.5149
2.4110
2.3005
2.2422
2.5896
2.4908
2.3867
2.2759
2.2174
2.5676
2.4688
2.3644
2.2533
2.1946
2.5473
2.4484
2.3438
2.2324
2.1735
2.5286
2.4295
2.3248
2.2131
2.1540
2.5112
2.4120
2.3072
2.1952
2.1359
2.3882
2.2882
2.1819
2.0677
2.0069
2.2702
2.1692
2.0613
1.9445
1.8817
2.1570
2.0548
1.9450
1.8249
1.7597
2.0483
1.9447
1.8326
1.7085
1.6402

10

40

60

120
q

1001.4
1005.6
1009.8
1014.0
1018.3
39.465
39.473
39.481
39.490 39.498
14.081
14.037
13.992
13.947
13.902
8.4613
8.4111
8.3604 8.3092 8.2573
6.2269
6.1750
6.1225
6.0693 6.0153
5.0652
5.0125
4.9589 4.9044 4.8491
4.3624
4.3089
4.2544 4.1989
4.1423
3.8940
3.8398
3.7844 3.7279
3.6702
3.5604
3.5055
3.4493 3.3918
3.3329
3.3110
3.2554
3.1984
3.1399
3.0798
3.1176
3.0613
3.0035 2.9441
2.8828
2.9633
2.9063
2.8478 2.7874
2.7249
2.8372
2.7797
2.7204 2.6590 2.5955
2.7324
2.6742
2.6142
2.5519
2.4872
2.6437
2.5850
2.5242 2.4611
2.3953
2.5678
2.5085
2.4471
2.3831
2.3163
2.5020
2.4422
2.3801
2.3153
2.2474
2.4445
2.3842
2.3214
2.2558
2.1869
2.3937
2.3329
2.2696 2.2032
2.1333
2.3486
2.2873
2.2234 2.1562
2.0853
2.3082
2.2465
2.1819
2.1141
2.0422
2.2718
2.2097
2.1446
2.0760 2.0032
2.2389
2.1763
2.1107
2.0415
1.9677
2.2090
2.1460
2.0799 2.0099
1.9353
2.1816
2.1183
2.0516
1.9811
1.9055
2.1565
2.0928
2.0257
1.9545
1.8781
2.1334
2.0693
2.0018
1.9299
1.8527
2.1121
2.0477
1.9797
1.9072
1.8291
2.0923
2.0276
1.9591
1.8861
1.8072
2.0739
2.0089
1.9400 1.8664
1.7867
1.9429
1.8752
1.8028
1.7242
1.6371
1.8152
1.7440
1.6668
1.5810
1.4821
1.6899
1.6141
1.5299
1.4327
1.3104
1.5660
1.4835
1.3883
1.2684
1.0000

30

Grados de libertad del numerador (gl1)

Distribucin F (a = 0.025 en la cola derecha) (continuacin)

De Maxine Merrington y Catherine M. Thompson, Tables of Percentage Points of the Inverted Beta (F) Distribution,
Biometrika 33 (1943): 80-84. Reproducido con autorizacin de Biometrika Trustees.

Grados de libertad del denominador (gl2)

TABLA A-5

Apndice A
757

161.45
18.513
10.128
7.7086
6.6079
5.9874
5.5914
5.3177
5.1174
4.9646
4.8443
4.7472
4.6672
4.6001
4.5431
4.4940
4.4513
4.4139
4.3807
4.3512
4.3248
4.3009
4.2793
4.2597
4.2417
4.2252
4.2100
4.1960
4.1830
4.1709
4.0847
4.0012
3.9201
3.8415

60
120
q

3.1504
3.0718
2.9957

199.50
19.000
9.5521
6.9443
5.7861
5.1433
4.7374
4.4590
4.2565
4.1028
3.9823
3.8853
3.8056
3.7389
3.6823
3.6337
3.5915
3.5546
3.5219
3.4928
3.4668
3.4434
3.4221
3.4028
3.3852
3.3690
3.3541
3.3404
3.3277
3.3158
3.2317

2.7581
2.6802
2.6049

215.71
19.164
9.2766
6.5914
5.4095
4.7571
4.3468
4.0662
3.8625
3.7083
3.5874
3.4903
3.4105
3.3439
3.2874
3.2389
3.1968
3.1599
3.1274
3.0984
3.0725
3.0491
3.0280
3.0088
2.9912
2.9752
2.9604
2.9467
2.9340
2.9223
2.8387

2.5252
2.4472
2.3719

224.58
19.247
9.1172
6.3882
5.1922
4.5337
4.1203
3.8379
3.6331
3.4780
3.3567
3.2592
3.1791
3.1122
3.0556
3.0069
2.9647
2.9277
2.8951
2.8661
2.8401
2.8167
2.7955
2.7763
2.7587
2.7426
2.7278
2.7141
2.7014
2.6896
2.6060

2.3683
2.2899
2.2141

230.16
19.296
9.0135
6.2561
5.0503
4.3874
3.9715
3.6875
3.4817
3.3258
3.2039
3.1059
3.0254
2.9582
2.9013
2.8524
2.8100
2.7729
2.7401
2.7109
2.6848
2.6613
2.6400
2.6207
2.6030
2.5868
2.5719
2.5581
2.5454
2.5336
2.4495

2.2541
2.1750
2.0986

233.99
19.330
8.9406
6.1631
4.9503
4.2839
3.8660
3.5806
3.3738
3.2172
3.0946
2.9961
2.9153
2.8477
2.7905
2.7413
2.6987
2.6613
2.6283
2.5990
2.5727
2.5491
2.5277
2.5082
2.4904
2.4741
2.4591
2.4453
2.4324
2.4205
2.3359

Grados de libertad del numerador (gl1)


7

2.1665
2.0868
2.0096

2.0970
2.0164
1.9384

(contina)

2.0401
1.9588
1.8799

236.77
238.88 240.54
19.353
19.371
19.385
8.8867
8.8452 8.8123
6.0942 6.0410 6.9988
4.8759
4.8183
4.7725
4.2067 4.1468
4.0990
3.7870
3.7257
3.6767
3.5005 3.4381
3.3881
3.2927
3.2296 3.1789
3.1355
3.0717
3.0204
3.0123
2.9480 2.8962
2.9134
2.8486 2.7964
2.8321
2.7669 2.7144
2.7642
2.6987 2.6458
2.7066
2.6408 2.5876
2.6572
2.5911
2.5377
2.6143
2.5480 2.4943
2.5767
2.5102
2.4563
2.5435
2.4768 2.4227
2.5140
2.4471
2.3928
2.4876
2.4205 2.3660
2.4638
2.3965 2.3419
2.4422
2.3748
2.3201
2.4226
2.3551
2.3002
2.4047 2.3371
2.2821
2.3883
2.3205 2.2655
2.3732
2.3053 2.2501
2.3593
2.2913
2.2360
2.3463
2.2783 2.2229
2.3343
2.2662 2.2107
2.2490 2.1802
2.1240

Distribucin F (a = 0.05 en la cola derecha) (continuacin)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40

TABLA A-5

Grados de libertad del denominador (gl2)

0.05

758
Apndice A

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
40
60
120
q

12

15

20

24

241.88
243.91
245.95
248.01
249.05
19.396
19.413
19.429
19.446
19.454
8.7855
8.7446
8.7029
8.6602
8.6385
5.9644
5.9117
5.8578
5.8025
5.7744
4.7351
4.6777
4.6188
4.5581
4.5272
4.0600
3.9999
3.9381
3.8742
3.8415
3.6365
3.5747
3.5107
3.4445
3.4105
3.3472
3.2839
3.2184
3.1503
3.1152
3.1373
3.0729
3.0061
2.9365
2.9005
2.9782
2.9130
2.8450
2.7740
2.7372
2.8536
2.7876
2.7186
2.6464
2.6090
2.7534
2.6866
2.6169
2.5436
2.5055
2.6710
2.6037
2.5331
2.4589
2.4202
2.6022
2.5342
2.4630
2.3879
2.3487
2.5437
2.4753
2.4034
2.3275
2.2878
2.4935
2.4247
2.3522
2.2756
2.2354
2.4499
2.3807
2.3077
2.2304
2.1898
2.4117
2.3421
2.2686
2.1906
2.1497
2.3779
2.3080
2.2341
2.1555
2.1141
2.3479
2.2776
2.2033
2.1242
2.0825
2.3210
2.2504
2.1757
2.0960
2.0540
2.2967
2.2258
2.1508
2.0707
2.0283
2.2747
2.2036
2.1282
2.0476
2.0050
2.2547
2.1834
2.1077
2.0267
1.9838
2.2365
2.1649
2.0889
2.0075
1.9643
2.2197
2.1479
2.0716
1.9898
1.9464
2.2043
2.1323
2.0558
1.9736
1.9299
2.1900
2.1179
2.0411
1.9586
1.9147
2.1768
2.1045
2.0275
1.9446
1.9005
2.1646
2.0921
2.0148
1.9317
1.8874
2.0772
2.0035
1.9245
1.8389
1.7929
1.9926
1.9174
1.8364
1.7480
1.7001
1.9105
1.8337
1.7505
1.6587
1.6084
1.8307
1.7522
1.6664
1.5705
1.5173

10
250.10
19.462
8.6166
5.7459
4.4957
3.8082
3.3758
3.0794
2.8637
2.6996
2.5705
2.4663
2.3803
2.3082
2.2468
2.1938
2.1477
2.1071
2.0712
2.0391
2.0102
1.9842
1.9605
1.9390
1.9192
1.9010
1.8842
1.8687
1.8543
1.8409
1.7444
1.6491
1.5543
1.4591

30

60

120
q

251.14
252.20 253.25
254.31
19.471
19.479
19.487
19.496
8.5944
8.5720 8.5494 8.5264
5.7170
5.6877 5.6581
5.6281
4.4638
4.4314
4.3985 4.3650
3.7743
3.7398 3.7047
3.6689
3.3404
3.3043 3.2674
3.2298
3.0428
3.0053 2.9669 2.9276
2.8259
2.7872
2.7475
2.7067
2.6609
2.6211
2.5801
2.5379
2.5309
2.4901
2.4480 2.4045
2.4259
2.3842 2.3410
2.2962
2.3392
2.2966 2.2524
2.2064
2.2664
2.2229 2.1778
2.1307
2.2043
2.1601
2.1141
2.0658
2.1507
2.1058
2.0589 2.0096
2.1040
2.0584 2.0107
1.9604
2.0629
2.0166
1.9681
1.9168
2.0264
1.9795
1.9302
1.8780
1.9938
1.9464 1.8963
1.8432
1.9645
1.9165
1.8657
1.8117
1.9380
1.8894
1.8380
1.7831
1.9139
1.8648
1.8128
1.7570
1.8920
1.8424
1.7896
1.7330
1.8718
1.8217
1.7684
1.7110
1.8533
1.8027
1.7488
1.6906
1.8361
1.7851
1.7306
1.6717
1.8203
1.7689
1.7138
1.6541
1.8055
1.7537
1.6981
1.6376
1.7918
1.7396
1.6835
1.6223
1.6928
1.6373
1.5766
1.5089
1.5943
1.5343
1.4673
1.3893
1.4952
1.4290 1.3519
1.2539
1.3940
1.3180
1.2214
1.0000

40

Grados de libertad del numerador (gl1)

Distribucin F (a = 0.05 en la cola derecha) (continuacin)

De Maxine Merrington y Catherine M. Thompson, Tables of Percentage Points of the Inverted Beta (F) Distribution,
Biometrika 33 (1943): 80-84. Reproducido con autorizacin de Biometrika Trustees.

Grados de libertad del denominador (gl2)

TABLA A-5

Apndice A
759

760

Apndice A

TABLA A-6

Valores crticos del


coeficiente de correlacin r de Pearson

a = .05

a = .01

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100

.950
.878
.811
.754
.707
.666
.632
.602
.576
.553
.532
.514
.497
.482
.468
.456
.444
.396
.361
.335
.312
.294
.279
.254
.236
.220
.207
.196

.990
.959
.917
.875
.834
.798
.765
.735
.708
.684
.661
.641
.623
.606
.590
.575
.561
.505
.463
.430
.402
.378
.361
.330
.305
.286
.269
.256

NOTA: Para someter a prueba H0: r = 0


contra H1: r Z 0, rechace H0 si el valor
absoluto de r es mayor que el valor crtico
en la tabla.

Apndice A

TABLA A-7

Valores crticos para la prueba del signo


a

.005
(una cola)
.01
(dos colas)

.01
(una cola)
.02
(dos colas)

.025
(una cola)
.05
(dos colas)

.05
(una cola)
.10
(dos colas)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5

*
*
*
*
*
*
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6

*
*
*
*
*
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
7

*
*
*
*
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
7

NOTAS:
1. * indica que no es posible obtener un valor en la regin crtica.
2. Rechace la hiptesis nula si el nmero del signo menos frecuente (x) es menor
que o igual al valor en la tabla.
3. Para valores de n mayores que 25, se utiliza una aproximacin normal con
n
(x + 0.5) - a b
2
z =
2n
2

761

762

Apndice A

TABLA A-8

Valores crticos de T para la prueba de rangos


con signo de Wilcoxon

.005
(una cola)
.01
(dos colas)

.01
(una cola)
.02
(dos colas)

.025
(una cola)
.05
(dos colas)

.05
(una cola)
.10
(dos colas)

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

*
*
*
0
2
3
5
7
10

*
*
0
2
3
5
7
10
13

*
1
2
4
6
8
11
14
17

1
2
4
6
8
11
14
17
21

14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

13
16
19
23
28
32
37
43
49
55
61
68
76
84
92
100
109

16
20
24
28
33
38
43
49
56
62
69
77
85
93
102
111
120

21
25
30
35
40
46
52
59
66
73
81
90
98
107
117
127
137

26
30
36
41
47
54
60
68
75
83
92
101
110
120
130
141
152

NOTAS:
1. * indica que no es posible obtener un valor en la regin crtica.
2. Rechace la hiptesis nula si el estadstico de prueba T es menor que o igual al valor
crtico encontrado en esta tabla. No rechace la hiptesis nula si el estadstico de
prueba T es mayor que el valor crtico encontrado en la tabla.
De Some Rapid Approximate Statistical Procedures, Copyright 1949, 1964 Lederle
Laboratories Division of American Cyanamid Company. Reimpreso con autorizacin
de la American Cyanamid Company.

Apndice A

a/2
1

TABLA A-9

a/2

rs

rs

Valores crticos del coeficiente de correlacin


de rangos rs de Spearman

a = 0.10

a = 0.05

a = 0.02

a = 0.01

5
6
7
8
9
10

.900
.829
.714
.643
.600
.564

.886
.786
.738
.700
.648

.943
.893
.833
.783
.745

.929
.881
.833
.794

11
12
13
14
15

.536
.503
.484
.464
.446

.618
.587
.560
.538
.521

.709
.678
.648
.626
.604

.755
.727
.703
.679
.654

16
17
18
19
20

.429
.414
.401
.391
.380

.503
.485
.472
.460
.447

.582
.566
.550
.535
.520

.635
.615
.600
.584
.570

21
22
23
24
25

.370
.361
.353
.344
.337

.435
.425
.415
.406
.398

.508
.496
.486
.476
.466

.556
.544
.532
.521
.511

26
27
28
29
30

.331
.324
.317
.312
.306

.390
.382
.375
.368
.362

.457
.448
.440
.433
.425

.501
.491
.483
.475
.467

NOTAS:
1. Para n 7 30, utilice rs = ; z> 1n - 1 donde z corresponde al nivel de significancia.
Por ejemplo, si a = 0.05, entonces z = 1.96.
2. Si el valor absoluto del estadstico de prueba rs excede el valor crtico positivo,
entonces rechace H0: rs = 0 y concluya que existe una correlacin.
Con base en datos de Biostatistical Analysis, 4th edition, 1999, de Jerrold Zar,
Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, y Distribution of Sums of Squares
of Rank Differences to Small Numbers with Individuals, The Annals of Mathematical
Statistics, vol. 9, nm. 2.

763

764

Apndice A

TABLA A-10 Valores crticos para el nmero de rachas G

2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Valor de n2

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

1
6
1
6
1
6
1
6
1
6
1
6
1
6
1
6
1
6
1
6
2
6
2
6
2
6
2
6
2
6
2
6
2
6
2
6
2
6

1
6
1
8
1
8
1
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
3
8
3
8
3
8
3
8
3
8
3
8

1
6
1
8
1
9
2
9
2
9
2
10
3
10
3
10
3
10
3
10
3
10
3
10
3
10
3
10
4
10
4
10
4
10
4
10
4
10

1
6
1
8
2
9
2
10
3
10
3
11
3
11
3
12
3
12
4
12
4
12
4
12
4
12
4
12
4
12
4
12
5
12
5
12
5
12

1
6
2
8
2
9
3
10
3
11
3
12
3
12
4
13
4
13
4
13
4
13
5
14
5
14
5
14
5
14
5
14
5
14
6
14
6
14

1
6
2
8
2
10
3
11
3
12
3
13
4
13
4
14
5
14
5
14
5
14
5
15
5
15
6
15
6
16
6
16
6
16
6
16
6
16

1
6
2
8
3
10
3
11
3
12
4
13
4
14
5
14
5
15
5
15
6
16
6
16
6
16
6
16
6
17
7
17
7
17
7
17
7
17

1
6
2
8
3
10
3
12
4
13
4
14
5
14
5
15
5
16
6
16
6
16
6
17
7
17
7
18
7
18
7
18
8
18
8
18
8
18

Valor de n1
10
11
12
1
6
2
8
3
10
3
12
4
13
5
14
5
15
5
16
6
16
6
17
7
17
7
18
7
18
7
18
8
19
8
19
8
19
8
20
9
20

1
6
2
8
3
10
4
12
4
13
5
14
5
15
6
16
6
17
7
17
7
18
7
19
8
19
8
19
8
20
9
20
9
20
9
21
9
21

2
6
2
8
3
10
4
12
4
13
5
14
6
16
6
16
7
17
7
18
7
19
8
19
8
20
8
20
9
21
9
21
9
21
10
22
10
22

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

2
6
2
8
3
10
4
12
5
14
5
15
6
16
6
17
7
18
7
19
8
19
8
20
9
20
9
21
9
21
10
22
10
22
10
23
10
23

2
6
2
8
3
10
4
12
5
14
5
15
6
16
7
17
7
18
8
19
8
20
9
20
9
21
9
22
10
22
10
23
10
23
11
23
11
24

2
6
3
8
3
10
4
12
5
14
6
15
6
16
7
18
7
18
8
19
8
20
9
21
9
22
10
22
10
23
11
23
11
24
11
24
12
25

2
6
3
8
4
10
4
12
5
14
6
16
6
17
7
18
8
19
8
20
9
21
9
21
10
22
10
23
11
23
11
24
11
25
12
25
12
25

2
6
3
8
4
10
4
12
5
14
6
16
7
17
7
18
8
19
9
20
9
21
10
22
10
23
11
23
11
24
11
25
12
25
12
26
13
26

2
6
3
8
4
10
5
12
5
14
6
16
7
17
8
18
8
19
9
20
9
21
10
22
10
23
11
24
11
25
12
25
12
26
13
26
13
27

2
6
3
8
4
10
5
12
6
14
6
16
7
17
8
18
8
20
9
21
10
22
10
23
11
23
11
24
12
25
12
26
13
26
13
27
13
27

2
6
3
8
4
10
5
12
6
14
6
16
7
17
8
18
9
20
9
21
10
22
10
23
11
24
12
25
12
25
13
26
13
27
13
27
14
28

NOTAS:
1. Los valores en esta tabla son los valores crticos G, suponiendo una prueba de dos colas con un nivel de
significancia de a = 0.05.
2. La hiptesis nula de aleatoriedad se rechaza si el nmero total de rachas G es menor que o igual al valor ms
bajo, o si es mayor que o igual al valor ms alto.
De Tables for Testing Randomness of Groupings in a Sequence of Alternatives, The Annals of Mathematical
Statistics, vol. 14, nm. 1. Reproducido con autorizacin del Institute of Mathematical Statistics.

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