Stn a RO a gy RS STAs OFF AC NO: ss.15-24 DATE: Revised 1977 ADVISORY CIRCULAR DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION SUBJECT: AIRCRAFT ALTERATI ACCEPTABLE METHODS, TECHNIQUES, AND PRACTIC 1. PURPOSE, ‘This advisory circular contains methods, tech- niques, and practices acceptable to the Admin- istrator for use in altering civil aircraft 2. CANCELLATION. Advisory Circular 43.13-2 dated 1965 is can celled. 3. REFERENCE. Part 43 of the Federal Aviation Regulations requires that methods, techniques, and practices ne LGraee acceptable to the Administrator must. be used when altering civil aircraft. Methods, tech niques, and practices other than those prescribed in this advisory circular may be used provided they are acceptable to the Administrator. FAA Inspectors are prepared to answer questions that may ariso in this regard. Persons engaged in alteration of civil aircraft should be familiar with FAR Part 43, and subparts A, D, and E of FAR Part 65, and the applicable airworthi- ness requirements under which the aircraft was type certificated, (ting Director, Flight Standards Service sted by: AFS-580/AFS—830ey. 1977 Ac 43.13-28, CONTENTS Chapter 1. STRUCTURAL DATA Poragraph Page . Statie Lands Statle Tests Protection Against Deterioration Provisions for Inspection Rifects on Weight and Balance iffeets on Safe Operation U1, Controts and Tndteators 12, Placarding 18-20. [Reserved] — Chapter 2. RADIO INSTALLATIONS 21, Tastallation — 22, Mquipment Manufacturer 28, Instrument Panel Mounting 24 Other Mounting Arets a 25, Fabrication of Supporting Trackets for Attachment to Structure Other 2, m1. a 35. Tastructiona ‘Than Flooring Supporting Structure Reinforcement Blectrical Systems — Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) Tnstallations [Reserved] — Chapter 3. ANTENNA INSTALLATIONS: 36, Performance 81, VE Antenna —Whip 88, VHF Antenna—Rigid 89, VHF Navigation Receiving Antennas 40. Range Receiving Antennas 4L Marker Receiving Antenna oo 42, ATO Radar Beacon (Transponder) and Distance Measuring Bquipment (DME) Antennas —. zs 48. Direction Finding Antennas — 44, Antenna Installation on Pressurized Aireraft 46-60, [Reserved] Chapter 4. ANTICOLLISION AND SUPPLEMENTARY LIGHT INSTALLATIONS. 51. Anticollision and Supplementary Light Systems 2. Interference Markings and Placards 4, Bloctrical Installation ~ 55, Alteration of Structure — 58, Guldelines for Installations 5t.-00. [Reserved] S8ReEERAc 43.13-24 ey. 1977 CONTENTS—Continued Chapter 5. SKI INSTALLATIONS Poragraph Sedion 1. SECTION OF SKIS Page Determining Bligibiity of Atreraft % Hentifcation of Approved Model Ski a Maximum Limit Load Rating ~ 38 Landing Gear Moment Reactions a [Reserved] = ue Section 2, CONVERSION AND INSTALLATION |. Hlub-Azle Clearance : 25 Crust Cutter Cables 3% Cable and Shock Cord Attachment and Attachment Fittings 35 Provislons for Inspection 26 TReserved) =. = 2% Sedion 3, RIGGING OF SKIS Location of Attach Fittings on Fuselage or Landing Gear st Main Ski Tneldence Angles aT ‘Tension Required in Main Ski Shook Cords — a {Nose Ski Installation — : 38 ‘Tail Ski Tastallation 38 [Reserved) = 0 Section 4. OPERATION ‘70, Performance Information a 0, Flight and Handilng Operational Checks a SL. Interchanging of Skis and Wheels a 82-85, [Reserved] “1 Chapter 6. OXYGEN SYSTEM INSTALLATIONS IN NONPRESSURIZED AIRCRAFT 86, System Requirements 43 1, Installation 8 5%, Location and Mounting “4 59, Thread Compound ra ‘90, Funetional Test — 8 OL Operating Instructions 6 85. [Reserved] e a Chapter 7. ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL-LOAD DEVICE INSTALLATIONS Section 1. CARGO SLINGS 96, General ae 97, Quick-Release Device <9 ‘4 Location of Cargo Release fn Relation to the Rotoreratts ©. G, Limits 40 99, Maximum External Load 0 200, Statie Test - 0 101, Sling-Leg Angles of Cable Supported Silngs 50 102, Minimum Sllng-Leg Cable Strength — 50 108, Sling Tastallation 50 104, Installation of Release Controls —- 51 105. Functional Test — 2 106, Supplemental Flight Information — 2 107-110, [Reserved] =.» eo Sedion 2. CARGO RACKS 111. General 5 112, Fabrication of Cargo Racks 4 HIB, Static Test — ot 114, Supplemental Plight Information — of 195.120. (Reserved) = 7 55ere AC 43.13-28,0H0.1 CONTENTS—Continued Chapter 8. GLIDER AND BANNER TOW-HITCH INSTALLATIONS. Paragraph ‘Section 1. TOWPLANE CONSIDERATIONS Page 121.125, [Deleted]Change 1 — 87 Section 2. TOW:MITCH INSTALLATIONS 126. Structural Requirements. 127, Structural Testing. 128, Attachment Points 129. Angles of Tow. 180, Placards, . 181. Weightand Balance — 182, Tow Release Mechanism % 188, [Deleted|Change 1 184-145. [Reserved] : Chapter 9. SHOULDER HARNESS INSTALLATIONS Section 1. RESTRAINT SYSTEMS M6. General _ . 147. Types of Restraint Systems 148. Advantages of Different Harness Types 149. Mounting Configurations 150. Standards . 151. Materials 162-155. [Reserved] Section 2. EFFECTIVE RESTRAINT ANGLES 156. Relationship ofthe Harness Assembly tothe Ooeupant er 157, Attachment Areas for Shoulder Harness — 67 158. Areaand Angle Deviations ae 159.-160. [Reserved] 0 Section 3. ATTACHMENT METHODS 161. Structural Attachments. a 162. Floor and Seat Attachments. a 168. Airframe Attachments 2 164. Structural Repair Kits 2 165. Flexible Attachment 2 166. "Simplified Installation Criteria ™ 167. Engineering Approval “ 168-175. Reserved) % Chapter 10. BATTERY INSTALLATIONS Section 1. GENERAL 176. General_ 7 177. Location Requirements n 178. Duplication of the Manufacturer's Installation. 8 179. Other Installations 8 180,-185. B 186, ry 487 @ 1g, 2 189. 80 190.-195. 30 1Ac 49.13-28 ev, 1977 CONTENTS—Continued Paragraph Page Section 3. REPLACEMENT OF LEAD-ACID BATTERIES WITH NICKEL.CADMIUM BATTERIES 196, General 197. Electrical Analysis 198 Maintenance Considerations — 190, Structural Requirements 200. Isolation of Battery Case — 201, Ventiiation - 202, Preinstallation Requirements 208. Securing The Battery — - 204. Voltage and Current Regulation - 205. Welght and Balance z 206, Restoration of Lead-Acld Batteries — 207-210, [Reserved] cen Chapter 11. ADDING OR RELOCATING INSTRUMENTS 211. General 212, Preparation 218, Installation : 214, Testing, Marking and Placarding 210-240. [Reserved] Beane Chapter 12. LITTER, BERTH, AND CARGO TIEDOWN DEVICE INSTALLATIONS 241. General en ee enn 242, Installation Considerations 248, Fabrication and. Installation s 244, Structural Atégchment = 245. Load Factors 240, Static Tests — 247. Operating Limitations, Loading Instructions, and Placards 248-200, [Tteserved) BERRSERS Chapter 13. PENETRATION THROUGH PRESSURIZED STRUCTURE Sation 1. ELECTRICAL WIRE BUNDLES AND COAXIAL CABLE FEED THROUGH PRESSURIZED STRUCTURE 261. General oT 282, Cleaning ——-—~ cg 268. Applleation of Sealant ~ ot 264-200. [Reserved] or UST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 11 Hypothetical Example of Determining Statle Test Loads — 3 24 ‘Typieal Radio Installations tn Statlonary Instrument Panels eg 22 Typleal Panel Mount = 28 Typleal Shockmounted Base 8 24 Typieal Shockmounted Base Sood 25° Typlenl Rigid Baseplate Mount t 26 Typleal Underseat Installation — 7 27 Typleal Remote Unit Mounting Hase-Vertical or Horlgontal os 28 Typiea! Shelf Installation 9 29 ‘Typical Rail Platform Installation—Aluminum Alloy Structure ° 210 Typical Attachment of Support Structure to Tubular Frame 10 241 Typieat Mounting Plates for Remote Location of Radio Untts — - ou 81 Typfeal Whip Antenna Installation aev. 1977 Figure a2 a3. a4 35 26 37 a8 39) 310 an a2 818 a4 835 316 air a8 319 320 an 322 28 am 42 43 44 45 CONTENTS—Continued UST OF ILLUSTRATIONS—Continved Page Antenna Ground Plane for Nonmetallle Atreraft — u“ ‘Typteal Shockmounted Antenna Installation — “ ‘Typical Rigid Antennas a 5 ‘Typleal Antenna Mounting Template 5 ‘Typleal Antenna Installation on a Skin Panel 5 Proferred VOR Antenna Locetion for Maxim mum Ignition Interference — s 6 ‘Typleal Antenna Installation Tnvolving @ Cat Stringer - 16 ‘Typleal Dipole Antena Assembly 16 ‘Typleal VOR Antenna Balun ~ a Coaxial Cable Preparation. w Coaxial Cable inning Center Lead 1 Coaxial Cable Soldering Center Lead : Ww Coaxial Cable Install Connector Rody — a8 ‘Typleal Wire Antenna Locations 8 ‘Typical Marker Beacon Receiving Antenna ~ 18 ‘Typleal Wing Tip Installations - 9 ‘Typieal Fin Tip Tastallations ~o 2 ‘Typlcal Wire Antenna Installations ~~ 5 Proferred Position for Distance Measuring Antennas and/or ATC Radar Beacon Antennas ‘Typical ADF Antenna Installations ‘Typleal Antenna Installation Infection Sealing ~ Blade Antenna Installation — ATC Flush Mounted Antenna Marker Beacon Flush Mounted Anteona — VOR Flush Mounted Antenna — S a ‘Typical Anticollision or Supplementary Tight Tustallation in a Skin Panel (Unpressurized) Py ‘Typleal Antlcollision or Supplementary Light Installation Involving « Cut Stringer (Unpressurized) 6 ‘Typleal Antleolision or Supplementary Light Installation in a Fin Tip—- 2 ‘Typleal Rotating Type Anttcollision Tight Installation for Pressurized a a Ramp Shadow Patter 2 Conversion to Vertical va. Horizontal Degrees 30 Conversion to True Square Degrees—Ist Quadrant 20 Scale Drawings a Solld Angle Blockage—tst Quadrant a ‘Typical Ski Tnstallation — a ‘Typleal Hub Installation ol ‘Typleal Fuselage Fitting 6 Main Ski at Maximum Positive Incidence (Cheek Gable Tight) a7 ‘Main Skt at Maximum Negative Incidence (Safety Cable Tight) 38 Main StI Tneldence Angles — 38 ‘Typleal Nose Skt Installation 30 ‘Typleal Tail Ski Tastallation 40 ‘Typleal Oxygen Duration Table ——____- 8 "Typical Floor Mounting 46 46 ‘Typleal Baggage Compartment Mounting — Ac 49.13-28Ac 3.13-28,0H0.1 w * 10.7 Wd CONTENTS—Continued LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS—Continued ‘Typical Oxygen Installation in Light Twin Aircraft __ Location of Cargo Release in Relation to the Rotorrai’s Center of Gravity 49 Cable Load Table ‘Typical Cargo Sling Wiring Diagram ‘Typical Cargo Sling Installation No.1 ‘Typical Cargo Sling Installation No. 1 Ghowing Fuselage Attachment Fitting). 52 ‘Typical Car 1 Ghowing Fore and Aft Limiting Stops) _ 52 Type ached Directly to ‘Enderside of Fusetage) ‘Typical Cargo Sling Installation No. 3 (eg, ‘Rpial Cate sits Inualstion Nos 9 (Showing Cable Sing Lag mment:to Landing Gear Cross-Tube Fitting) ‘Typical Cargo Sling Installation No. 8 (Showing Cargo Sling Position) ‘Typical argo Rack Installation No. 1 54 ‘Typical Cargo Rack Installation No.1 (Showing Attachment Detail 54 ‘Typical Cargo Rack Installation No.2 55 ‘Typical Cargo Rack Installation No. 2 Showing Rack Partially installed) 55 ical Cargo Rack Installation No. 8 Glider Tow Angie Banner Tow Angle ‘Typical Tow-Hitch Release Handle Representative Stoel Cable Qualities [Deleted}Change 1 ‘Trieyele Gear Aireraft_ Conventional Gear Aircraft —Leaf Spring Type Tailwheel Conventional Gear Aireraft—Shock Strut Type Tailwheel__. Conventional Gear Airraft—Tubular Spring Type Tallwhe Single Diagonal Type Harness Double Over-the-Shoulder Type Harness ‘Side Mounted—Single Diagonal Type Harness Ceiling Mounted Inertia ReelSingle Diagonal Type Harness, Aceeptable Mounting Area—Single Diagonal Type Harness. Ceiling Mounted Inertia Reel-—Double Over the Shoulder Type Harness 69 ‘Acceptable Mounting Areas—Double Over-the Shoulder Type Harness. Floor Mounted Inertia Reel—Double Over-the Shoulder Type Harness 71. ‘Typical Floor Mounted Inertia Reel Installation... ‘Typical Seat Mounted Inertia Reel Installation ‘Typical Bulkhead Reinforcement Installation ‘Typical Wing Carry—Through Member Installation ‘Typical Hat Section Reinforcement Installation ‘Typical Stringer Section Reinforeement Installa ‘Typical Stringer Section Reinforeement Installation ‘Typical Attachment to Tubular Members ‘Typical Battery Box Installation in Aft Fuselage Area — ‘Typical Battery Box Installation in Aft Fuselage Area, Below Cabin Floorboards ‘Typical Battery Box Installation in Aft Fuselage Area ‘Typical Battery Box Installation Suspended From Cabin Floorboard Section 78 Battery with Integral Vent Nipples — 9 ‘Typical Battery Cutoff and Generator/Aiternator Control Circuit ‘Change in Cantilever Support Battery Overhang Moment. Pressure Drop Data for Smooth Tubing.ev 1977 Figure wa 122 223 124 125 yaa 132 133 14 Table nz ng us. CONTENTS—Continued UST OF ILLUSTRATIONS—Continved Extruded ‘Track, Anchor Plates, and Associated Fittings — Miscellaneous Litter, Berth, and Cargo Tiedown Fittings ‘Typteal Attachment of Fittings to Honeycomb Structures ~ Installation of Underfloor Support for Extruded Track — ‘Typleal Cargo Tiedown Straps and Cargo Nets Sealant Application Fairlead Feed Through ‘ypleal Connector Coaxial Connectors UST OF TABLES Pag $ Instrument Air Consumption : Equivalent Straight Tube Line Drops for 90° Elbows — Differential Pressure Across Instrument Inlet and Outiet ——- ese Ac 43.13.24,