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Ace F.

Leben
Betsy Natter
Design & Society
Annotated Bibliography

What struggles do lower body unilateral and bilateral amputees have working out?

Aruin, Alexander S., and John J. Nicholas. Knee and Hip Exercise Device and Method. Aruin;
Alexander S., Nicholas; John J., assignee. Patent US6056675 A. 2 May 2000. Print.

Breakey, James W. "Body Image: The Lower-Limb Amputee." (n.d.): n. pag. American Academy
of Orthotists & Prosthetists. American Academy of Orthotists & Prosthetists. Web. 28 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.oandp.org/jpo/library/1997_02_058.asp>.

Body Image: The Lower-Limb Amputee. is an academic paper focused on the relationship of
how amputees perceive themselves and the psychological effects it can have on them. The
paper describes the way amputees perceive themselves as body image. The experiment that
the study is based on is, giving 162 amputees a 110 subject questionnaire to measure their
Amputee Body-Image Scale to indicate body image concern. The ABIS is scaled from 0 to 100
where 100 is the highest level of body concern. It is related in the article to different types of
amputees. With the ABIS of all the amputees it concludes that there is a correlation between
body image and psychological effects and states that rehabilitation needs to be more focused
on body image. Other assessments of amputees included Index of Self Esteem, Generalized
Contentment Scale, Clinical Anxiety Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. These were also
scaled from 0 to 100 with 100 being most concern in the statistic area. All this will give fuel to
why amputees need physical exercise to improve body image and psychological health. The

importance of body image and other factors will be brought onto the literature review and raise
the depth of reasoning. This will also support the design by supplementing its effect and
implications. The design will also be a product of need based on the effects of body image
concern and the psychological impact it has on amputees. The weakness of the paper is that it
relies heavily on the reader knowing its references and using its references solely for its
justification. Another weakness is that it concentration of demographics where most of the
amputees were white male and in a specific age group. This can dilute the results but
considering the amount of amputees surveyed was 162 and that they had a variety of social and
marital situations the differentiation is satisfactory meaning it can be helpful in determining
solutions.

Gailey, Robert S., and Curtis R. Clark. "Physical Therapy Management of Adult Lower-Limb
Amputees." (n.d.): n. pag. Virtual Library Project. Digital Resource Foundation for the Orthotics
& Prosthetics Community, 2002. Web. 28 Jan. 2015. <http://www.oandplibrary.org/alp/chap2301.asp>.

Physical Therapy Management of Adult Lower-Limb Amputees. is a article focused on the


process of rehabilitation through physical therapy and goes over all the aspects and logistics of
rehabilitation. The article goes over how the rehabilitation team and physical therapist will need
to consider the pre and post surgical process, amputee type, amputee training, amputee health
and, prosthetic integration. It concludes that the cooperation between rehabilitation team and
therapist should be the greatest priority to maximize success of the amputee. The strength of
the article is the meticulous detailing of amputee related tasks and exercises which, will give
concrete evidence and support to the literature review. Another strength of the article is that it
factors in wheelchair and prosthetic use. This is a strength because it adds another dimension
of design consideration and identifies present solutions. The training goals described by the

article will be a factor in the end design so its function will try to accommodate for those goals.
The weakness of this article is that its perspective is unchallenged which, is to say that the
amputee did not have a input in the construction of the article.

Healthcare Inspection Prosthetic Limb Care in VA Facilities. Issue brief no. 11-02138-116.
Washington D.C: VA Office of Inspector General, 2012. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
Web. 3 Feb. 2015. <http://www.va.gov/oig/pubs/VAOIG-11-02138-116.pdf>.

Moroz, Alex. "Leg Amputation Rehabilitation." The Merck Manual Professional Edition. The Merk
Manual, Sept. 2013. Web. 28 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/special_subjects/rehabilitation/leg_amputation_reh
abilitation.html>.

Leg Amputation Rehabilitation. is a online article focused on all the aspects and procedures of
amputation, prosthetics care and complications. It introduces 4 types of complication stump
pain, phantom limb sensation, phantom limb pain, and skin breakdown. The information will help
with the design in from a logistics standpoint. The strength of this article is that it gives new
insight into phantom limb problems. This is important because phantom limb is one of the larger
unknown problems in rehabilitation. This identifies the need to create a more collision friendly
design for post surgical rehabilitation. This is important because it maximizes amputee safety.
Its weakness is that the information is not extensive and few.

Sethy, Damayanti, Eva S. Kujur, and Kaushik Sau. "EFFECT OF BALANCE EXERCISE ON
BALANCE CONTROL IN UNILATERAL LOWER LIMB AMPUTEES." The Indian Journal of

Occupational Therapy 41.3 (2009): 63-68. Web. 28 Jan. 2015.


<http://medind.nic.in/iba/t09/i3/ibat09i3p63.pdf>.

EFFECT OF BALANCE EXERCISE ON BALANCE CONTROL IN UNILATERAL LOWER LIMB


AMPUTEES. is an academic paper which, deals with an experiment of 435 lower body
amputees undergoing conventional training or Phyaction balance training to examine the
importance of post surgical balance training and the need for prosthetic limbs. It concluded that
in the amputees should have early balance training post surgically in their rehabilitation. This will
be very useful in the materialization of the design and will challenge the design to have a
balance training aspect of it. By understanding the need for balance training the design will be
much more useful for amputees in their rehabilitation. The strength of the paper is the simplicity
of the experiment where the type of training, type of amputee are the independent factors and,
Global performance and reach are the dependent. The weakness of the paper is that the
difference between conventional training and Phyaction balance training is not explained or
touched on so to distinguish their procedural difference and understand why the data showed
Phyaction training being the better of the two. With the information given all we can assume is
Phyaction incorporates balance training where conventional training does not. This has no real
implications in the usefulness of the article because the statistics show the relationship so the
usefulness is diminished only slightly.

"Standard of Care: Lower Extremity Amputation." (n.d.): n. pag. The Brigham and Womens
Hospital, Inc., Department of Rehabilitation Services. Web. 27 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.brighamandwomens.org/patients_visitors/pcs/rehabilitationservices/physical
%20therapy%20standards%20of%20care%20and%20protocols/general%20-%20le
%20amputation.pdf>.

Standard of Care: Lower Extremity Amputation. is a journal article focused on instructing


physiatrists, clinical professionals or prosthetic professionals on the ins and outs of medical care
for low body amputees. It begins by informing the reader about all the amputation process then
goes on to list types of amputee types and the health risks/diseases associated with
rehabilitation. It has thorough examination on the medical status of lower body amputees and,
lists many of the interventions and factors professionals must consider to maximize amputee
rehabilitation. At the end it has diagrams of stretches that would help amputees, this could help
in the design as it illustrates the motion of amputee limbs. The inclusion of prosthetic factors and
concerns will help with the literature review and design in comparing it to present solutions with
lower body amputation rehabilitation. This amount of detail will tremendously support the
literature review and design in logistics and identifying amputee problems with exercise. The
design would accommodate with the health risks and physical limitations for rehabilitation of
amputees. A strength of this article is that it is from the perspective of professionals so the
procedures, factors and limitations are all very applicable to lower body amputees.
Consequently, the perspective of the amputee is non-existent so the articles concerns are cut off
from the evaluation of amputees which, can affect the helpfulness of the information towards the
design.

Wood, David. "U.S. Wounded In Iraq, Afghanistan Includes More Than 1,500 Amputees." The
World Post. The Huffington Post, 08 Nov. 2012. Web. 3 Feb. 2015.

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