Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
METHOD
!
Simple Frames
!
!
!
Special Frames
!
Simple Frames
=
d 1
6
5
j
3
2
i
x
4
6EI/L2 d 2 =
4EI/L
AE/L
- AE/L
12EI/L3
6EI/L2
- 12EI/L3 6EI/L2
6EI/L2
4EI/L
- 6EI/L2
-12EI/L3
6EI/L2
12EI/L3
=
d 3
2EI/L
AE/L
-6EI/L2
12EI/L3
-6EI/L2
2EI/L
- 6EI/L2
4EI/L
=
d 4
2EI/L
6EI/L2
6EI/L2
-AE/L
12EI/L3
[k]
6EI/L2
AE/L
AE/L
AE/L
6EI/L2
AE/L
1
6EI/L2 d 5 =
12EI/L3
12EI/L3
2EI/L
=
d 6
6EI/L2
4EI/L
6EI/L2
3
6
j
2
3
6
5
3
2
i
x
4
Force Transformation
x q4 = q4 cos x - q5 cos y
q5 = q4 cos y + q5 cos x
2
3
x =
q6 = q6
j x
y =
x j xi
L
y j yi
L
6
5
j
3
2
i
q 4 x
q =
5 y
q 6 0
y
x
0
0
0
1
q 4'
q
5'
q 6'
q 1 x
q
2 y
q 3 0
=
q 4 0
q 5 0
q 6 0
y
x
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
x
y
0
0
0
0
y
x
0
0
0
0
0
0
q 1'
q
2'
q 3'
q 4'
q 5'
q 6'
[q ] = [T ]T [q ']
5
[q] = [T]T[q]
= [T]T ( [k][d] + [qF] )
= [T]T [k][d] + [T]T [qF]
[q] = [T]T [k][T][d] + [T]T [qF] = [k][d] + [qF]
Therefore, [k] = [T]T [k][T]
[qF] = [T]T [qF]
[q] = [T]T[q]
[d] = [T][d]
[k] = [T]T [k][T]
[qF]
[ k ] = [ T ]T[ k ][T] =
Ui
Ui (
AE
Vi
L
(
AE
Vj - (
Mj
Mi
Uj -(
ix2 +
AE
L
AE
L
12EI
L3
12EI
L3
6EI
L2
ixjx +
ixjy-
Vi
6EI
L2
iy2 )
) ixiy
AE
L
AE
L
L3
12EI
L3
iy
12EI
iy2 +
L2
iy jy)
-(
iyjx )
-(
AE
L
AE
L
) ixiy
L3
6EI
iy
12EI
iyjx -
iyjy +
6EI
L2
Uj
Mi
12EI
L3
ix2 )
ix
12EI
L3
12EI
L3
ix
ixjy)
ix jx ) -
6EI
iy -(
L2
6EI
L2
ix
-(
AE
L
AE
L
L2
L2
jy
6EI
L2
jx
AE
L
AE
L
L3
12EI
iyjx 6EI
6EI
12EI
ixjx +
4EI
L3
L3
L3
6EI
L2
AE
ixjy )
AE
-(
jy
ixjy -
iyjy +
6EI
12EI
12EI
2EI
iyjy ) -(
jy
jx2 +
Vj
jy2 )
) jxjy
AE
L2
Mj
12EI
L3
12EI
L3
6EI
L2
iy
L2
L2
ix
2EI
L
6EI
) jxjy
jx
6EI
6EI
ixjx )
AE
12EI
jx2 )
( L jy2 +
3
L
jx
12EI
L3
iyjx )
L2
jy
6EI
L2
jx
4EI
L
Example 1
For the frame shown, use the stiffness method to:
(a) Determine the deflection and rotation at B.
(b) Determine all the reactions at supports.
(c) Draw the quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams.
E = 200 GPa, I = 60(106) mm4, A = 600 mm2
6m
A
5 kN
6m
C
6m
A
5 kN
B
6m
12 EI
=
3
L
C
Global :
6
A
5
4
2
1
AE
=
L
(600 10 6 m 2 )(200 10 6
6m
12(200 10 6
6EI
=
L2
3
1
4 EI
=
L
kN
)
2
m = 20000 kN/m
kN
6
4
)(60
10
m
)
2
m
= 666.667 kN/m
3
(6m)
kN
)(60 10 6 m 4 )
2
m
= 2000 kN
(6m) 2
4(200 10 6
kN
)(60 10 6 m 4 )
2
m
= 8000 kN m
6m
2(200 10 6
kN
)(60 10 6 m 4 )
2
m
= 4000 kN m
6m
6(200 10 6
8
C
9
7
2EI
=
L
Local :
5
4
5
1
1
2
2
8
C
9
7
6
5
Ni AE/L
0
3
Vi 0
EI
L
12
/
Mi 0
6 EI/L2
[k'] =
0
Nj AE/L
12 EI/L3
Vj 0
6 EI/L2
Mj 0
i
0
6 EI/L2
4 EI/L
0
6 EI/L2
2 EI/L
j
AE/L
0
0
AE/L
0
0
4
j
0
12 EI/L3
6 EI/L2
0
6 EI/L2
4 EI/L
0
12 EI/L3
6 EI/L2
0
6 EI/L2
2 EI/L
10
Local :
5
B
Global:
[q] = [q]
9
8
C
4
[k]1 =
20000
-20000
666.667
2000
-666.667
2000
2000
8000
-2000
4000
20000
1 -20000
2
-666.667
-2000
666.667
-2000
2000
4000
-2000
8000
11
6
A
2
1
ix = cos (-90o) = 0
iy = sin (-90o) = -1
2
o
B
2
Local:
Global:
8
C
q1
q2
q3
q7
q8
q9
1
2
3
7
8
9
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
jx = cos (-90o) = 0
jy = sin (-90o) = -1
5
4
90
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
-1
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
1
q1
q2
q3
q4
q5
q6
[T]T
12
1
1 20000
[k]2 =
-20000
666.667
2000
-666.667
2000
2000
8000
-2000
4000
20000
4 -20000
5
-666.667
-2000
666.667
-2000
2000
4000
-2000
8000
2000
2000
[k]2 =
666.667
-666.667
20000
-20000
2000
8000
-2000
4000
-666.667
-2000
666.667
-2000
-20000
20000
2000
4000
-2000
8000
13
[k]1
6
A
4 20000
B
2
Global:
9
7
1 -20000
1
-20000
2
0
3
0
8000
-2000
4000
20666.667
2000
-2000
4000
2000
-20000
-2000 4000
20000
4000
-666.667 2000
8000
2000
2000
-666.667 -2000
5
0
666.667 -2000
-2000 8000
[k]2
[K]
4
4 20000
666.667 2000
1 -20000
8
C
20666.667 -2000
-2000
16000
1 666.667 0
2
3 2000
20000
0
7 -666.667 0
8
9 2000
-20000
0
2000 666.667 0
0
9
2000
-20000
4000
-2000 666.667 0
-2000
8000 -2000
0
4000 2000
20000
0
0
8000 14
6m
A
5 kN
Q5 = 0
8000
-20000
20666.667
Q2 = 0
-2000
Q3 = 0
4000
2000
D4
D5
D1
D2
D3
3
1
B
2
Q4 = 0
8
C
Q1 = 5
6m
Global:
9
7
5
0
1
-20000
2
0
3
0
D4
-2000
4000
D5
2000
D1
20666.667 -2000
D2
0
-2000
16000
D3
0
0
0
0.01316 m
9.199(10-4) rad
0.01316 m
-9.355(10-5) m
-1.887(10-3) rad
15
6m
A
Member 1
5 kN
B
2
6m
1.87 kN
11.22 kNm
1.87 kN
1
4 20000
q6
q5
q1
1 -20000
q2
q3
-20000
666.667 2000
3
0
-666.667 2000
2000
8000
-2000
4000
20000
-666.667 -2000
2000
4000
0
0
666.667 -2000
-2000
8000
D4 = 0.01316
D6 = 0
0
-1.87
D5 = 9.199(10-4)
D1 = 0.01316
D2 = -9.355(10-5)
1.87
D3 = -1.887(10-3)
-11.22
16
6m
A
Member 2
5 kN
B
2
18.77 kNm
q1
1 666.667 0
q2
q3
3 2000
q7
7 -666.667 0
q8
q9
9 2000
20000
0
-20000
0
2000 -666.667 0
0
11.22 kNm
5 kN
6m
1.87 kN
5 kN
1.87 kN
9
2000
D1 = 0.01316
-20000
D2 = -9.355(10-5)
-1.87
4000
D3 = -1.887(10-3)
11.22
-2000 666.667 0
-2000
D7 = 0
-5
20000
D8 = 0
1.87
8000
D9 = 0
18.77
8000 -2000
4000 -2000
17
1.87 kN
A
11.22 kNm
1.87 kN
1
5 kN
A
B
11.22 kNm
1.87 kN
1.87 kN
B
6m
5 kN
2
18.77 kNm
5 kN
18.77 kNm
5 kN
6m
1.87 kN
1.87 kN
11.22 B
-
-11.22
Bending moment
diagram
-1.87
Shear diagram
+
C
18.77
18
D4=13.16 mm
A
D1=13.16 mm
D5=0.00092 rad
D3=-0.00189 rad
B
11.22 B
-
-11.22
D3=-0.00189 rad
Bending moment
diagram
Deflected shape
6
D4
D5
D3
0.01316 m
-9.355(10-5) m
-1.887(10-3) rad
5
4
2
1
18.77
3
1
B
2
D1
D2
0.01316 m
9.199(10-4) rad
Global :
8
C
9
7
19
Example 2
For the beam shown, use the stiffness method to:
(a) Determine the deflection and rotation at B
(b) Determine all the reactions at supports
(c) Draw the quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams.
E = 200 GPa, I = 60(106) mm4, A = 600 mm2 for each member.
3 kN/m
B
4.5 m
A
6m
6m
20
3 kN/m
Global
4.5 m
Members
6
2
1
8
2
5
4
[FEM]
6m
5
6m
3 kN/m
9 kNm
9 kNm
2
9 kN
9 kN
21
3 kN/m
7. 5
4.5 m
6m
6m
Member 1:
3
y
6
Member m:
x = cos x
y = cos y
]T[
[ km ] = [ T
Ui (
AE
Vi
L
(
AE
Vj - (
Mj
Mi
Uj -(
ix2 +
k ][T ] =
AE
L
AE
L
12EI
L3
6EI
L2
ixjx +
ixjy-
L3
6EI
L2
iy2 )
) ixiy
AE
L
AE
L
12EI
L3
12EI
L3
iy
-(
iyjx )
-(
AE
L
AE
L
) ixiy
L3
iy2 +
L2
iy jy)
iyjx -
iyjy +
6EI
L2
Uj
Mi
12EI
6EI
iy
Uj
Vi
Vi
12EI
y
Mi
Ui
12EI
L3
ix2 )
ix
12EI
L3
12EI
L3
ix
ixjy)
ix jx ) -
Mj
Vj
6EI
iy -(
L2
6EI
L2
ix
-(
AE
L
AE
L
4EI
6EI
L2
6EI
L2
jy
6EI
L2
jx
AE
L
AE
L
L3
12EI
iyjx -
L3
L3
L3
6EI
L2
AE
ixjy )
AE
-(
jy
ixjy -
iyjy +
6EI
12EI
12EI
2EI
iyjy ) -(
jy
jx2 +
Vj
Ui
12EI
ixjx +
jy2 )
) jxjy
AE
L2
Mj
12EI
L3
12EI
L3
6EI
L2
iy
L2
L2
ix
2EI
L
6EI
) jxjy
jx
6EI
6EI
ixjx )
AE
12EI
jx2 )
( L jy2 +
3
L
jx
12EI
L3
iyjx )
L2
jy
6EI
jx
L2
4EI
L
23
3 kN/m
7. 5
4.5 m
Member 1:
5
6m
2
1
6m
[k1] =
10362.879
7516.162
-768
-10362.879
-7516.162
-768
7516.162
5978.451
1024
-7516.162
-5978.451
1024
-768
1024
6400
768
-1024
3200
768
10362.879
7516.162
768
-10362.879 -7516.162
-7516.162
-5978.451
-1024
7516.162
5978.451
-1024
-768
1024
3200
768
-1024
6400
24
3 kN/m
4.5 m
7. 5
6m
6m
Member 2:
3
2
1
8
2
12 EI 12(200 10 6 kN / m 2 )(60 10 6 m 4 )
=
L3
(6 m) 3
= 666.667 kN / m
6 EI 6( 200 10 6 kN / m 2 )(60 10 6 m 4 )
=
2
L
(6 m) 2
= 2000 kN
4 EI 4(200 106 kN / m 2 )(60 10 6 m 4 )
=
L
6m
= 8000 kN m
2 EI 2(200 106 kN / m 2 )(60 10 6 m 4 )
=
L
6m
= 4000 kN m
25
2
1
AE/L
- AE/L
12EI/L3
6EI/L2
- 12EI/L3 6EI/L2
6EI/L2
4EI/L
- 6EI/L2
2EI/L
-AE/L
AE/L
8
7
[k2] =
[k2] =
-12EI/L3 -6EI/L2
6EI/L2
2EI/L
3
0
20000
666.667
2000
-20000
-666.667
2000
9
0
12EI/L3 -6EI/L2
- 6EI/L2
4EI/L
9
- 20000
2000
- 666.667
2000
8000
- 2000
4000
20000
-2000
666.667
4000
- 2000
0
-2000
8000
26
[k1] =
10362.879
7516.162
-768
-10362.879
-7516.162
-768
7516.162
5978.451
1024
-7516.162
-5978.451
1024
-768
1024
6400
768
-1024
3200
768
10362.879
7516.162
768
-10362.879 -7516.162
-7516.162
-5978.451
-1024
7516.162
5978.451
-1024
-768
1024
3200
768
-1024
6400
[k2] =
3
0
20000
666.667
2000
-20000
-666.667
2000
9
0
- 20000
2000
- 666.667
2000
8000
- 2000
4000
20000
-2000
666.667
4000
- 2000
0
-2000
8000
27
3 kN/m
2
7.
4.5 m
5m
9 kNm
9 kN
9 kN
5
6m
8
7
6m
Global:
1
30362.9
7516.16
768
D1
7516.16
6645.12
976
D2
768
976
14400
D3
0
Q1
0
Q2
0
Q3
D1
D2
D3
9
9
4.575(10-4) m
-1.794(10-3) m
-5.278(10-4) rad
28
Member 1:
3
6.75 kN
0.50 kNm
1.19 kNm
9.15 kN
0.50 kNm
6.75 kN
9.15 kN
11.37 kN
0.09 kN
0.09 kN
q4
q1
q2
q3
q5
q6
6
1
2
3
k1
9.15
6.75
0.50
D1 = 4.575(10-4)
-9.15
D2 = -1.794(10-3)
-6.75
D3 = -5.278(10-4)
-1.19
29
Member 2:
3
8
2
7
9.15 kN
3 kN/m
9 kNm
9.15 kN
6.75 kN
9 kNm
14.70 kNm
11.25 kN
9 kN [FEM] 9 kN
1
q1
D1 = 4.575(10-4)
9.15
q2
D2 = -1.794(10-3)
6.75
q3
D3 = -5.278(10-4)
1.19
q7
q8
q9
k2
11.25
-9
-14.70
-9.15
30
9.15 kN
0.50 kNm
14.70 kNm
1.19 kNm
9.15 kN
6.75 kN
9.15 kN
11.25 kN
6.75 kN
9.15 kN
3 kN/m
14.70 kNm
9.15 kN
0.50 kNm
11.25 kN
All Reactions
9.15 kN
6.75 kN
31
11.37 kN
1.19 kNm
9.15 kN
0.09 kN
11.37 kN
D1
D2
D3
6.75 kN
9.15 kN
11.25 kN
6.75
0.50 kNm
0.09 kN
4.575(10-4)
14.70 kNm
+
-0.09
-1.794(10-3) m
-5.278(10-4) rad
-0.09
Shear diagram
(kN)
-11.25
D1 = 0.46 mm
D2 = -1.79 mm
D3
=-5.278(10-4)
-1.19
rad
-14.70
Deflected shape
0.5
Bending-moment diagram
(kNm)
32
Example 3
For the beam shown, use the stiffness method to:
(a) Determine the deflection and rotation at B.
(b) Determine all the reactions at supports.
(c) Draw the quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams.
E = 200 GPa, I = 60(106) mm4, A = 600 mm2 for each member.
10 kN
20 kNm
15 kN
B
/m
N
3k
4.5 m
A
6m
3m
3m
33
10 kN
20 kNm
15 kN
B
/m
N
3k
4.5 m
A
y = 53.13
6
Members
1
3m
3m
8
2
[FEM]
wL2/12 = 14.06 kNm
11.25(0.8) = 9 kN
10 kN
7.5 kNm
7.5 kNm
/m
N
3k
14.06 kNm
4
x =36.87
x = cos x = 6/7.5 = 0.8
5
6m
Global
6.75 kN
11.25 kN
9 kN
5 kN
5 kN
11.25(0.6) = 6.75 kN
wL/2 = 11.25 kN
34
10 kN
20 kNm
15 kN
1
6
14.06 kNm
10 kN
7.5 kNm
7.5 kNm
6.75 kN
11.25 kN
/m
N
9 kN
1
3k
5 kN
[FEM]
11.25(0.6) = 6.75 kN
14.06 kNm
9 kN
Q1 = 15
Q3 = 20
Global:
Q2 = 0
/m
N
3k
5 kN
11.25 kN
1
30362.9
7516.16
768
D1
7516.16
6645.2
976
D2
768
14400
D3
976
-6.75
9+5
-14.06 + 7.5
35
2
1
5
8
2
D1
D2
D3
1.751(10-3) m
-4.388(10-3) m
2.049(10-3) rad
36
Member 1:
2
14.06 kNm
3
1
/m
N
3k
14.06 kNm
4
9 kN
x = cos
0.8,
y = cos 53.13o = 0.6
36.87o =
q4
q5
q6
q1
q2
q3
k1
6.75 kN
11.25 kN
9 kN
[FEM]
11.25(0.6) = 6.75 kN
11.25 kN
-6.75
6.51
24.17
14.06
26.46
-20.01
D1 = 1.751(10-3)
D2 = -4.388(10-3)
-6.17
D3 = 2.049(10-3)
-14.06
4.89
-6.75
37
y = 53.13o
x = 36.87o
q4
6.51
q5
24.17
q6
26.46
q1
q2
q3
6.17 kN
-20.01
-6.17
4.89
4.89 kNm
20.01 kN
26.46 kNm
/m
N
3k
7.
5m
6.51 kN
24.17 kN
/
N
3k
26.46 kNm
19.71 kN
7.07 kN
1
m
5
.
7
15.43 kN
38
Member 2:
3
15.12 kNm
7
35.02 kN
10 kN
7.5 kNm
7.5 kNm
10 kN
2
8.08 kNm
35.02 kN
6.17 kN
3.83 kN
5 kN
1
[FEM]
2
5 kN
q1
D1 = 1.751(10-3)
35.02
q2
D2 = -4.388(10-3)
6.17
q3
D3 = 2.049(10-3)
7.5
15.12
q7
q8
q9
k2
3.83
-7.5
-8.08
-35.02
39
20.01 kN
26.46 kNm
/m
N
3k
7.
15.12 kNm
4.89 kNm
6.17 kN
35.02 kN
10 kN
2
6.17 kN
5m
8.08 kNm
35.02 kN
3.83 kN
6.51 kN
24.17 kN
10 kN
20 kNm
15 kN
/m
N
3k
26.46 kNm
A
8.08 kNm
35.02 kN
3.83 kN
6.51 kN
24.17 kN 6 m
3m
3m
40
26.46 kNm
35.02 kN
7.07 kN
1m
10 kN
2
8.08 kNm
35.02 kN
6.17 kN
3.83 kN
6.17
15.43 kN
19.71 kN
-7.07
D1
1.751(10-3) m
D2
-4.388(10-3) m
D3
15.12 kNm
15.43
-3.83
Shear diagram
(kN)
2.049(10-3) rad
D1 =1.75 mm
4.89
D2 = -4.39 mm
-15.12
D3 = 2.05(10-3) rad
Deflected shape
-8.08
Bending-moment
diagram (kNm)
-26.46
41
Special Frames
42
Stiffness matrix
2*
5*
3*
1*
6*
4*
jx = cos j
iy = sin i
jy = sin j
ix = cos i
[ q* ] = [ T ]T[ q ]
1
q 1* 1* ix
q
2*
2*
iy
q 3* 3* 0
=
q
4*
4*
0
q 5* 5* 0
q 6 * 6* 0
2 3 4 5
0
iy 0 0
0 0
0
ix
0
1 0
0
0
0 jx jy
0
0 jy
jx
0
0 0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
q 1'
q
2'
q 3'
q 4'
q 5'
q 6'
[ T ]T
43
1
2
[T ] = 3
4
5
6
1* 2*
iy
ix
iy ix
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3* 4*
0
0
0
0
1
0
0 jx
0 jy
0
0
5*
0
0
0
jy
jx
0
6*
0
0
0
0
0
0
AE/L
0
3
EI
L
12
/
0
6 EI/L2
0
AE/L
0
12 EI/L3
6 EI/L2
0
AE/L
6 EI/L2
12 EI/L3
4 EI/L
0
0
AE/L
6 EI/L2
0
6 EI/L2
12 EI/L3
2 EI/L
6 EI/L2
6 EI/L2
2 EI/L
0
6 EI/L2
4 EI/L
0
44
[ k ] = [ T ]T[ k ][T] =
Vi
Ui
Ui (
AE
Vi
L
(
AE
Vj - (
Mj
Mi
Uj -(
ix2 +
AE
L
AE
L
L3
12EI
L3
6EI
L2
ixjx +
ixjy-
12EI
6EI
L2
iy2 )
) ixiy
AE
L
AE
L
L3
12EI
L3
iy
12EI
iy2 +
L2
iy jy)
-(
iyjx )
-(
AE
L
AE
L
) ixiy
L3
6EI
iy
12EI
Mi
iyjx -
iyjy +
6EI
L2
12EI
L3
ix2 )
ix
12EI
L3
12EI
L3
ix
ixjy)
ix jx ) -
6EI
iy -(
L2
6EI
L2
ix
-(
AE
L
AE
L
L2
L2
6EI
L2
jx
AE
L
AE
L
L3
12EI
iyjx 6EI
jy
12EI
ixjx +
4EI
6EI
Vj
Uj
L3
L3
6EI
L2
ixjy )
AE
-(
jy
ixjy -
iyjy +
6EI
12EI
12EI
2EI
AE
jy
jx2 +
L3
iyjy ) -(
jy2 )
) jxjy
AE
L2
Mj
12EI
L3
12EI
L3
6EI
L2
iy
L2
L2
ix
2EI
L
6EI
) jxjy
jx
6EI
6EI
ixjx )
AE
12EI
jx2 )
( L jy2 +
L3
jx
12EI
L3
iyjx )
L2
jy
6EI
jx
L2
4EI
L
45
Example 4
For the beam shown:
(a) Use the stiffness method to determine all the reactions at supports.
(b) Draw the quantitative free-body diagram of member.
(c) Draw the quantitative bending moment diagrams and qualitative
deflected shape.
Take I = 200(106) mm4 , A = 6(103) mm2, and E = 200 GPa for all members.
Include axial deformation in the stiffness matrix.
40 kN
3m
20 kN
200 kNm
6 kN
/m
22.02 o
4m
4m
7.416 m
46
40 kN
3m
22.02 o
4m
2*
Global
20 kN
200 kNm
6 kN
/m
4m
3*
1*
7.416 m
6
4
22.02
7
3
Local
2
1
6
4
3
1
2
6
4
47
Ni AE/L
0
3
Vi 0
EI
L
12
/
Mi 0
6EI/ L2
[k'] =
0
Nj AE/ L
Vj 0
12 EI/ L3
6EI/ L2
Mj 0
i
0
6EI/ L2
AE/ L
0
12 EI/ L3
0
4 EI/ L
6EI/ L2
AE/ L
6EI/ L2
12 EI/ L3
2EI/ L
6EI/ L2
j
0
6EI/ L2
2EI/ L
2
6EI/ L
4 EI/ L
48
3
2
8m
6
4
3
1
8m
Local
6
4
Ni
[ k]1 = [ k]2 =
Vi
Mi
150000
937.5
3750
3750
20000
Nj -150000
0
0
Vj
0
-937.5 -3750
Mj
3750
10000
j
0
- 937.5
3750
- 3750
10000
0
937.5
0
-3750
- 3750
20000
- 150000
150000
0
0
49
Member 1:
2*
3*
5
1
Global
o
1 * i =22.02
4
j = 0o
Local
6
4
40 kN
jx = cos (0o) = 1,
jy = sin (0o) = 0
40 kNm
40 kNm
1
[ q* ] = [ T ]T[ q ]
1
20 kN
2
[FEM]
1*
0.927 - 0.375
q*2
2*
0.375
0.927
q*3
3*
q3
4*
q4
5*
q5
6*
q6
q*1
q4
q5
q6
20 kN
q1
q2
[ T ]1T
50
3*
2*
5
1
Global
o
1 * i =22.02
4
j = 0o
Local
6
4
[ k* ]1 = [ T ]1T[ k ]1[ T ]1
1*
2*
3*
[ k * ]1
-1.406
3.476
10.00
-3.75
20
51
2*
Global
40 kN
3*
5
1
o
1 * i =22.02
40 kNm
4
j = 0o
40 kNm
1
20 kN
[FEM]
20 kN
0
20
qF*]
= [ T ]1
40
0
20
-40
-7.50
18.54
40
=
0
20
-40
1*
2*
40 kNm
3*
4
40 kN
18.54
40 kNm
7.5
20 kN
5
6
52
Member 2
4
22.02o
1
5
9
7
[q]
32 k
22.02o
Nm
24 k
[q]=[T
6 kN
/m
N
24 k
]T[
q ]
32 k
0.927
0.375
q5
-0.375 0.927
q6
q3
0.927
0.375
q4
-0.375
0.927
q5
q6
q7
q8
q9
[ q]
[ qF]
1
q4
Nm
q1
q2
[ T ]2T
53
4
22.02o
8
9
7
[q]
22.02o
6
4
[ q ]
[ k ]2 = [ T ]2T[ k]2[ T ]2
4
[ k ]2
103
1.406
-51.811
3.476
1.406
7 -129.046
21.892 3.476
3.476
20
51.811 -21.892
-1.406
-3.476
10
51.811 -1.406
1.4056
3.476
10
-1.406
-3.476
20
54
6
32 k
4
22.02o
8
9
7
[q]
Nm
24 k
6 kN
/m
N
24 k
22.02o
[ qF ]
N
32 k
Nm
[ qF* ] = [ T ]T[ qF ]
0
24
qF ]
= [T
]2T
32
0
24
-32
8.998
22.249
32
=
8.998
22.249
-32
4
5
6
7
8
32 kNm
8.998kN
[ qF ]
6 kN
/m
22.249 kN 2
8.998 kN
32 kNm
22.249 kN
9
55
3*
2*
Global Stiffness:
1*
6
4
9
7
1*
[ k* ]1
[ k ]2
2*
3*
-0.869
-3.75
0.938 -3.75
-1.406
4
3.476
5
10.00
6
-3.75
8
-51.811 21.892
6
103
1.406
3.476
3.476
20
20
9
51.811 1.406
-3.476
10
1.4056
3.476
10
-3.476
20
56
Global: 40 kN
20 kN
200 kNm
6 kN
/m
40 kN
40 kNm
18.54 kN
40 kNm
7
[ qF ]
6 kN
/m
22.249 kN 2
8.998 kN
[ Q ] = [ K ][ D ] + [ QF ]
1* 129.046
Q3* = 0.0
Q4 = 0.0
3*
103 4
32 kNm
22.249 kN
1*
Q1* = 0.0
32 kNm
20 kN
[ q*F ]
6
4
1*
8.998 kN
7.5
3*
2*
3*
-1.406 -139.058
-1.406
20
-139.058
0.351
-1.406
D1*
-7.5
-3.75
10
D3*
40
D4
22.829 -0.274
D5
20 +22.249
-0.274
D6
-40 + 32
Q5 = -20
0.352
-3.75
-51.811
Q6 = -200
-1.406
10
1.406
40
8.998
57
Global: 40 kN
20 kN
200 kNm
6 kN
/m
2*
3*
1*
5
1
6
4
2
9
7
D1*
-0.0205
D3*
-0.0112
rad
-0.0191
D5
-0.0476
D6
-0.0024
rad
D4
58
2*
3*
5
1
[q]
1*
18.54
103
q5
q6
q1*
q2*
q3*
q4
q5
q6
2*
40 kN
40 kNm
7.5
3*
20 kN
[ qF* ]
qF*]
40 kNm
150
3*
D4= -0.0191
-7.50
18.54
40
0
0.351
-0.869
-3.75
0.938 -3.75
D5= -0.0476
20
-1.406
3.476
10.00
-3.75
D6=-0.0024
-40
0
22.63
0
-8.49
19.02
7.87
40 kN
kN
kN
kN
kNm
20
7.87 kNm
8.49 kN
22.6
3 kN
19.02 kN
59
32 kNm
8.998 kN
22.249 kN 2
8.998 kN
[q]
[ qF ]
6 kN
/m
Member 2 : [ q ] = [ k ][ d ] + [ qF ]
4
q5
-51.811
q6
1.406
q4
q7
=103
q8
q9
q4
q5
q6
q7
q8
q9
7 -129.046
21.892 3.476
3.476
20
22.249 kN
8.998
22.249
-1.406
-3.476
10 D6=-0.0024
51.811 -1.406
1.4056
8.49
-39.02
-207.87
9.51
83.51
-248.04
3.476
kN
kN
kNm
kN
kN
kNm
10
32 kNm
-1.406
-3.476
32
8.998
22.249
20 D9 = 0
-32
207.87 kNm
6 kN
/m
8.49 kN
39.02 kN
248.04 kNm
9.51 kN
83.51 kN
60
40 kN
8.49 kN
22.6
20.98 kN
3 kN
8.49 kN
19.02 kN
83.56
+
7.87 +
6 kN
8.49 kN
/m 248.04 kNm
33 kN
39.02 kN
9.51 kN
22.5
207.87
81 kN
kN
83.51 kN
Bending-moment
diagram (kNm)
D1*=- 20.5 mm
D4=-19.1 mm
-248.04
D1*
-0.0205 m
D3*
-0.0112 rad
D4
-0.0191 m
D5
-0.0476 m
D6
-0.0024 rad
D5=-47.6 mm
D3*=-0.0112 rad D6 =0.00
24 r
ad
Deflected shape
61
Example 5
For the beam shown:
(a) Use the stiffness method to determine all the reactions at supports.
(b) Draw the quantitative free-body diagram of member.
(c) Draw the quantitative bending moment diagrams
and qualitative deflected shape.
Take I = 400(106) mm4 , A = 60(103) mm2, and E = 200 GPa for all members.
20 kN/m
A
80 kNm
50 kN
3m
C
4m
20o
2m
62
20 kN/m
A
80 kNm
50 kN
3m
C
4m
6
4
9*
7*
Local
5
8*
4
Global
2m
o
76.31
o
20
6
4
63
20 kN/m
A
80 kNm
50 kN
3m
1
C
4m
6
4
20o
2m
Member 1:
AE (60 10 3 m 2 )(200 10 6 kN/m 2 )
=
4m
L
= 3000 10 3 kN/m
4 EI
4(200 10 6 kN/m 2 )(400 10 6 m 4 )
=
4m
L
= 80 10 3 kN m
64
20 kN/m
A
80 kNm
50 kN
3m
56.31o
20o C
4m
2m
6
4
20 kN/m
76.31o
26.67 kNm
26.67 kNm
1
40 kN
40 kN
Member 1: [ q ] = [ k ][ d ] + [ qF ]
1
q1
3000
-3000
d1
q2
15
30
-15
30
d2
40
q3
30
80
-30
40
d3
26.67
-3000
3000
d4
-15
-30
15
-30
d5
40
30
40
-30
80
d6
-26.67
q4
q5
q6
103
65
Member 2:
8*
= 36.83 10 3 kN
9*
*
6
4
= 20.41 10 3 kN/m
= 3324 10 3 kN/m
4 EI
4(200 10 6 kN/m 2 )(400 10 6 m 4 )
=
3.61 m
L
= 88.64 10 3 kN m
[ k ]2
1
2
3
3
10 4
5
6
3324
0
0 20.41
0 36.83
3
0
36.83
88.64
-3324
0
0
0 -20.41 -36.83
0 36.83
44.32
-3324
0
0 -20.41
0 -36.83
0
36.83
44.32
0
3324
0
0 20.41 -36.83
0 -36.83
88.64
66
6
4
56.31o
(-56.31o)
9*
ix = cos
= 0.55,
iy = sin (-56.31o) = -0.83
7*
76.31o
q4
q5
q6
q7*
q8*
q9*
[ q* ] = [ T ]T[ q ]
*
jx = cos
= 0.24,8
jy = sin (-76.31o) = -0.97 j
(-76.31o)
1
4 0.55
5 -0.83
0
6
7*
0
0
8*
0
9*
4
5
6
*
T
3
[ k ]2 = [ T ] [ k]2[ T ] = 10 7*
8*
9*
2
0.83
0.55
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
4
5
1036.923 -1524.780
-1524.780 2307.582
30.646
20.431
-452.884 643.585
1787.474 -2689.923
30.646
20.431
4
0
0
0
0.24
-0.97
0
6
30.646
20.431
88.643
-35.786
-8.717
44.321
5
0
0
0
0.97
0.24
0
7*
-452.884
643.585
-35.786
205.452
-759.668
-35.786
6
0
0
0
0
0
1
8*
1787.474
-2689.923
-8.717
-759.668
3139.053
-8.717
q1
q2
q3
q4
q5
q6
9*
30.646
20.431
44.321
-35.786
-8.717
88.643
67
4
2
9*
8*
[k]1 = 103
[k*]2
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
5
6
3
10 7*
8*
9*
1
3000
0
0
-3000
0
0
2
0
15
30
0
-15
30
3
0
30
80
0
-30
40
4
-3000
0
0
3000
0
0
7*
5
0
-15
-30
0
15
-30
6
0
30
40
0
-30
80
4
5
6
7*
8*
9*
1036.923 -1524.780 30.646 -452.884 1787.474 30.646
-1524.780 2307.582 20.431 643.585 -2689.923 20.431
20.431 88.643 -35.786
30.646
-8.717 44.321
-452.884 643.585 -35.786 205.452 -759.668 -35.786
1787.474 -2689.923 -8.717 -759.668 3139.053 -8.717
30.646
20.431 44.321 -35.786
-8.717 88.643
68
20 kN/m
A
80 kNm
50 kN
1
26.67 kNm
20 kN/m
4
2
3m
9*
8*
C
4m
D4
D5
D6
D7*
D9*
20o
2m
Global:
Q4 = -50
Q5 = 0
Q6 = -80
Q7* = 0
Q9* = 0
4
5
103 6
7
9
40 kN
26.67 kNm
40 kN
4
5
6
7*
9*
4036.923 -1524.780 30.646 -452.884 30.646
-1524.780 232.582 -9.569 643.585 -9.569
30.646
-9.569 168.643 -35.786 44.321
-452.884 643.585 -35.786 205.452 -35.786
30.646
-2.199x10-5
-3.095x10-4
-2.840x10-4
m
m
rad
0.979x10-3
6.161x10-4
m
rad
7*
D4
D5
D6
D7*
D9*
0
40
+ -26.67
0
0
69
Member 1:
q1
3000
-3000
q2
15
30
-15
30
40
q3
30
80
-30
40
26.67
-3000
3000
D4
-15
-30
15
-30
D5
40
30
40
-30
80
D6
-26.67
q4
q5
q6
103
q1
65.97
kN
q2
36.12
kN
q3
24.59
-65.97
kNm
kN
43.88
kN
-40.11
kNm
q4
q5
q6
65.97 kN
36.12 kN
6
4
20 kN/m
24.59 kNm
40.11 kNm
65.97 kN
43.88 kN
70
Member 2:
4
5
1036.923 -1508.14
q4
q5
5 -1508.14
30.57
6
q6
q7*
q8*
q9*
103
20.26
D5
20.26
88.64
-35.73
-8.84 44.32
D6
651.27
7* -455.21
8* 1769.34 -2678.93
-35.73
210.67
-769.1 -35.73
D*7
9*
30.57
q5
-43.88
kN
q6
-39.89
0
kNm
kN
46.69
kN
kNm
q8*
q9*
-769.1 3128.82
44.32
-35.73
-8.84 88.64
-8.84
D*9
39.89 kNm
43.88 kN
15.97 kN
kN
20.26
-8.84
15.97
D4
2296.15
q4
q7*
6
7*
8*
9*
30.57 -455.21 1769.34 30.57
9*
8*
j
7*
46.69 kN
71
4
2
65.97 kN
9*
8*
20 kN/m
24.59 kNm
7*
40.11 kNm
65.97 kN
36.12 kN
43.88 kN
39.89 kNm
43.88 kN
15.97 kN
-24.59
39.89
- +
-40.11
Bending-moment
diagram (kNm)
-2.199x10-5
-3.095x10-4
-2.840x10-4
0.979x10-3
6.161x10-4
m
m
rad
m
rad
D4
D5
D6
D7*
D9*
46.69 kN
D4=-2.2x10-5 m
D5=-3.1x10-4 m
D6 = -2.84x10-4 rad
D7*=0.979x10-3 m
Deflected shape
D9*=6.161x10-4 rad
72