Documentos de Académico
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IMOWHAT IT IS
Because of the international nature
of the shipping industry, it had long
been recognized that action to
improve safety in maritime operations
would be more effective if carried out
at an international level rather than by
individual countries acting unilaterally
and without coordination with others.
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IMOWhat it is
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The IMO Secretariat is headed by the SecretaryGeneral, who is assisted by a staff of some 300
international civil servants. The Secretary-General is
appointed by the Council, with the approval of the
Assembly.
IMOWhat it is
WHAT IT DOES
IMO has promoted the adoption of
some 50 conventions and protocols
and adopted more than 1,000 codes
and recommendations concerning
maritime safety and security, the
prevention of pollution and related
matters.
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Safety
The first conference organized by IMO in 1960 was,
appropriately enough, concerned with maritime
safety. That conference adopted the International
Convention on Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS),
which came into force in 1965, replacing a version
adopted in 1948. The 1960 SOLAS Convention
covered a wide range of measures designed to
improve the safety of shipping. They included
subdivision and stability; machinery and electrical
installations; fire protection, detection and extinction;
life-saving appliances; radiotelegraphy and
radiotelephony; safety of navigation; carriage of grain;
carriage of dangerous goods; and nuclear ships.
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MARITIME SECURITY
Maritime security issues first came to prominence
on the IMO agenda following the hijacking of the
Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro, in October 1985.
IMO adopted a resolution on Measures to prevent
unlawful acts which threaten the safety of ships and
the security of their passengers and crews and in
1986, issued the guidance on measures to prevent
unlawful acts against passengers and crew on
board ships.
In March 1988, the Convention for the
Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety
of Maritime Navigation (the SUA Convention) was
adopted, with a protocol extending its requirements
to unlawful acts against fixed platforms located
on the Continental Shelf. Both were updated and
revised in 2005.
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Preventing pollution...
providing compensation
Although the 1954 Oil Pollution Convention was
amended in 1962, the wreck of the Torrey Canyon in
1967 resulted in a series of conventions and other
instruments, including further amendments to the
1954 Convention which were adopted in 1969.
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Other matters
In 1965 IMO adopted the Convention on
Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic.
Its primary objectives are to prevent unnecessary
delays in maritime traffic, to aid co-operation
between Governments, and to secure the highest
practicable degree of uniformity in formalities and
procedures in connection with the arrival, stay and
departure of ships at ports. The Convention came
into force in 1967.
In 1971 IMO, in association with the International
Atomic Energy Agency and the European
Nuclear Agency of the Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development, convened a
conference which adopted the Convention relating
to Civil Liability in the Field of Maritime Carriage
of Nuclear Material.
In 1974 IMO adopted the Athens Convention
relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their
Luggage by Sea, which established a regime of
liability for damage suffered by passengers carried
on seagoing vessels.
The general question of the liability of owners of
ships was dealt with in a convention adopted in
1957. In 1976 IMO adopted a new Convention
on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims,
which raised the limits, in some cases by 300 per
cent. Limits are specified for two types of claim
those for loss of life or personal injury and property
claims, such as damage to ships, property or
harbour works.
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Technical assistance
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HOW IT WORKS
IMO works through a number
of specialist committees and
sub-committees. Each of
these bodies is composed of
representatives of Member States.
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Associate Members
Hong Kong, China, Macau, China, The Faroe Islands (Denmark).
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scurit
Comme il se doit, la premire confrence que
lOMI a organise en 1960 tait consacre la
scurit maritime. Celle-ci a adopt la Convention
internationale pour la sauvegarde de la vie
humaine en mer (Convention SOLAS), laquelle
est entre en vigueur en 1965. Cette convention,
qui remplaait une version adopte en 1948,
portait sur toute une srie de mesures destines
renforcer la scurit de la navigation dans les
domaines suivants : le compartimentage et la
stabilit; les machines et installations lectriques; la
prvention, la dtection et lextinction de lincendie;
les engins de sauvetage; la radiotlgraphie et
la radiotlphonie; la scurit de la navigation; le
transport de grains; le transport de marchandises
dangereuses; et les navires nuclaires.
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Sret maritime
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Autres questions
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Assistance technique
Le programme dassistance technique de lOMI
aide les tats, dont un grand nombre sont des
pays en dveloppement, ratifier les conventions
de lOMI et satisfaire aux normes prescrites,
notamment dans la Convention SOLAS. Dans le
cadre de ce programme, lOMI emploie un certain
nombre de conseillers et de consultants pour
donner des avis aux gouvernements. Chaque
anne, lOrganisation organise de nombreux
sminaires, ateliers et autres rencontres ou participe
ces manifestations, dont lobjectif est daider les
pays mettre en uvre les mesures adoptes par
lOMI. Ces manifestations ont lieu au Sige de lOMI
ou dans des pays industrialiss, ou encore dans les
pays en dveloppement eux-mmes.
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Afrique du Sud, Albanie, Algrie, Allemagne, Angola, Antiguaet-Barbuda, Arabie saoudite, Argentine, Australie, Autriche,
Azerbadjan, Bahamas, Bahren, Bangladesh, Barbade,
Belgique, Belize, Bnin, Bolivie (tat plurinational de), BosnieHerzgovine, Brsil, Bruni Darussalam, Bulgarie, Cambodge,
Cameroun, Canada, Cap-Vert, Chili, Chine, Chypre, Colombie,
Congo, Costa Rica, Cte dIvoire, Croatie, Cuba, Danemark,
Djibouti, Dominique, gypte, El Salvador, mirats arabes unis,
quateur, rythre, Espagne, Estonie, tats-Unis dAmrique,
thiopie, ex-Rpublique yougoslave de Macdoine, Fdration
de Russie, Fidji, Finlande, France, Gabon, Gambie, Gorgie,
Ghana, Grce, Grenade, Guatemala, Guine, Guine-Bissau,
Guine quatoriale, Guyana, Hati, Honduras, Hongrie, les
Cook, les Marshall, les Salomon, Inde, Indonsie, Iran
(Rpublique islamique d), Iraq, Irlande, Islande, Isral, Italie,
Jamahiriya arabe libyenne, Jamaque, Japon, Jordanie,
Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kowet, Lettonie, Liban, Libria,
Lituanie, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaisie, Malawi, Maldives,
Malte, Maroc, Maurice, Mauritanie, Mexique, Moldova, Monaco,
Mongolie, Montngro, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibie,
Npal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norvge, Nouvelle-Zlande,
Oman, Ouganda, Pakistan, Panama, Papouasie-NouvelleGuine, Paraguay, Pays-Bas, Prou, Philippines, Pologne,
Portugal, Qatar, Rpublique arabe syrienne, Rpublique de
Core, Rpublique dmocratique du Congo, Rpublique
dominicaine, Rpublique populaire dmocratique de Core,
Rpublique tchque, Rpublique-Unie de Tanzanie, Roumanie,
Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et dIrlande du Nord,
Saint-Kitts-et-Nevis, Sainte-Lucie, Saint-Marin, Saint-Vincentet-les Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tom-et-Principe, Sngal,
Serbie (Rpublique de), Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapour,
Slovaquie, Slovnie, Somalie, Soudan, Sri Lanka, Sude,
Suisse, Suriname, Thalande, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinitet-Tobago, Tunisie, Turkmnistan, Turquie, Tuvalu, Ukraine,
Union des Comores, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela (Rpublique
bolivarienne du), Viet Nam, Ymen, Zimbabwe.
Membres associs
Hong Kong, Chine, les Fro (Danemark), Macao, Chine.
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OMI Qu es
OMI QU ES
Debido al carcter internacional del
transporte martimo, hace ya mucho
tiempo se reconoci que las medidas
encaminadas a mejorar la seguridad
de las operaciones martimas seran
ms eficaces si se realizan en un
marco internacional en lugar de
depender de la accin unilateral
de cada pas, sin coordinacin
con el resto.
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OMI Qu es
OMI QU HACE
La OMI ha fomentado la adopcin
de unos 50 convenios y protocolos,
as como de ms de 1 000 cdigos y
recomendaciones sobre seguridad y
proteccin martimas, prevencin de
la contaminacin y otras cuestiones
conexas.
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Seguridad
La primera conferencia organizada por la OMI,
en 1960, abord, tal como proceda, cuestiones
pertinentes a la seguridad martima. En la misma
se adopt el Convenio internacional para la
seguridad de la vida humana en el mar (SOLAS),
que entr en vigor en 1965 sustituyendo a una
versin de 1948. El Convenio SOLAS de 1960
abarcaba una amplia gama de medidas para
mejorar la seguridad del transporte martimo,
entre las que cabe incluir el compartimentado y
la estabilidad; las instalaciones de mquinas e
instalaciones elctricas; la prevencin, deteccin
y extincin de incendios; los dispositivos de
salvamento; la radiotelegrafa y la radiotelefona; la
seguridad de la navegacin; el transporte de grano;
el transporte de mercancas peligrosas;
y los buques nucleares.
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Proteccin martima
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Otros asuntos
En 1965 la OMI adopt el Convenio para facilitar
el trfico martimo internacional. Los principales
objetivos de este Convenio son prevenir demoras
innecesarias en el trfico martimo, estimular la
cooperacin entre los diferentes Gobiernos y
asegurar el ms alto grado de uniformidad posible
en las formalidades y procedimientos relativos a la
llegada, permanencia y salida de buques en
los puertos. El Convenio entr en vigor en 1967.
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OMI Qu es
Cdigos y recomendaciones
de la OMI
Adems de los convenios y otros instrumentos
convencionales oficiales, la OMI ha adoptado
varios centenares de recomendaciones relativas a
una amplia gama de cuestiones. Algunas de stas
tienen la forma de cdigos, directrices o prcticas
recomendadas sobre cuestiones importantes que
no se consideran idneas para su reglamentacin
mediante instrumentos convencionales oficiales.
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Asistencia tcnica
El objetivo del programa de asistencia tcnica de
la OMI es ayudar a los Estados, muchos de ellos
pases en desarrollo, a ratificar los convenios de la
Organizacin y a alcanzar los niveles dispuestos
en el Convenio SOLAS y otros instrumentos.
Como parte de este programa, la OMI contrata
a cierto nmero de asesores y consultores para
prestar asesoramiento a los Gobiernos y cada ao
interviene, como organizadora o participante, en
numerosos seminarios, cursillos y otras actividades
para asistir en la implantacin de las medidas
de la Organizacin. Algunas de esas actividades
tienen lugar en la sede de la OMI o en pases
desarrollados y otras en los propios pases en
desarrollo.
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Miembros Asociados
Hong Kong (China), Islas Feroe (Dinamarca) y Macao (China).
OMI Qu es
IMO CONVENTIONS
AND PROTOCOLS
CONVENTIONS ET
PROTOCOLES de lomi
CONVENIOS Y
PROTOCOLOS DE LA OMI
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IMOWhat it is
Protocole de 1978
Protocole de 1988
Protocole de 1997
Protocole de 1988
1978 Protocol
1997 Protocol
1988 Protocol
1988 Protocol
CONVENTION/PROTOCOLE
CONVENTION/PROTOCOL
Protocolo de 1988
Protocolo de 1997
Protocolo de 1988
Protocolo de 1978
CONVENIO/PROTOCOLO
1982
2000
1968
1967
1983
1977
2000
1981
1980
IN FORCE
EN VIGUEUR
EN VIGOR
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1975
1977
1974
1981
1996
Protocolo de 1976
Protocolo de 1992
Protocole de 1976
Protocole de 1992
1976 Protocol
1975
1992 Protocol
1983
Protocolo de 1973
Protocole de 1973
1973 Protocol
1975
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Protocole de 1976
Protocole de 1990
1976 Protocol
1990 Protocol
Protocolo de 2000
Protocole de 2000
2000 Protocol
Protocolo de 1992
Protocole de 1976
Protocole de 1992
1976 Protocol
1992 Protocol
Protocolo de 1990
Protocolo de 1976
Protocolo de 1976
CONVENIO/PROTOCOLO
CONVENTION/PROTOCOLE
CONVENTION/PROTOCOL
1979
1979
1989
1987
1977
2001
1996
1994
1978
IN FORCE
EN VIGUEUR
EN VIGOR
Protocolo de 1996
Convenio internacional de Torremolinos para la
seguridad de los buques pesqueros, 1977
Protocolo de 1993
Convenio internacional sobre normas de formacin,
titulacin y guardia para la gente de mar, 1978
Convenio internacional sobre normas de formacin,
titulacin y guardia para el personal de los buques
pesqueros, 1995
Convenio internacional sobre bsqueda y salvamento
martimos, 1979
Protocole de 1996
Protocole de 1993
1993 Protocol
1996 Protocol
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1986
IMOWhat it is
Protocole de 1988
1988 Protocol
CONVENTION/PROTOCOLE
CONVENTION/PROTOCOL
Protocolo de 1988
CONVENIO/PROTOCOLO
1975
IN FORCE
EN VIGUEUR
EN VIGOR
Protocolo de 1996
Convenio internacional sobre responsabilidad civil
nacida de daos debidos a contaminacin por los
hidrocarburos para combustible de los buques, 2001
Convenio internacional sobre el control de los sistemas
antiincrustantes perjudiciales para buques, 2001
Convenio internacional sobre el control y la gestin
del agua de lastre y de los sedimentos de los
buques, 2004
Convenio internacional de Nairobi sobre la remocin
de restos de naufragio, 2007
Convenio internacional sobre el reciclaje seguro y
ambientalmente racional de los buques, 2009
Protocole de 1996
1996 Protocol
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2008
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IMOWhat it is
4 Albert Embankment
London SE1 7SR
United Kingdom
Tel
+44 (0)20 7735 7611
Fax +44 (0)20 7587 3210
Email info@imo.org
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