PHAM, HUAN M.

Annotated Bibliography
UWRT 1102
March 9, 2015
Topic: Terrorism taking over social media
Inquiry: How social media affect the military families?
Proposed thesis: Government will increase the security of social media for its users.

Signorielli, N., & Gerbner, G. (1988). Violence and terror in the mass media: An annotated
bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press.
Although at twenty-seven years old, this article has cover todays problem like it
predicted this will happen in the future. This bibliography focuses on research and
scholarly works relating to violence and terror. Consisting primarily of articles published
in scholarly journals and books, this comprehensive work examines major topics such as
violence and mass media content, violence and mass media effects, terrorism and the
mass media, and adult rated movies. Also included are articles from popular journals,
reports published by the United States and other governments, conference papers, and
dissertations. Each entry consists of the bibliographic citation and a short abstract; many
of the sources include studies from other countries where relevant research has been
conducted. The compilers' introduction provides a clear definition of violence and

terrorism as they are dealt with in this volume and offers an interesting overview of
various aspects of the subject.

Klausen, J. "Tweeting the Jihad: Social Media Networks of Western Foreign Fighters in Syria
and Iraq." Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. 38.1 (2015): 1-22. Print.
Social media have played an essential role in the terrorists operational strategies in Syria
and Iraq, and many more places. Twitter in particular has been used to communicate over
other social media sources such as Facebook, Instagram, etc It seems to be a very
effective strategy by these terrorist organizations due to the high amount of user in our
society nowadays. It also intended to persuade young teens to join their fight by showing
only their good, made up side of the scenes. Also, they targeted journalists, scholars, and
militants because they communicate and follow each other on Twitter. Slow media such
as TV, newspapers, and radio, often see Twitter as an authoritative source of information
about the progress of the insurgency. Yet, while Twitter may give the illusion of
authenticity, as an impulsive activity of a generation so used to using cell phones for selfpublication, the online streaming of images and information is managed more tightly than
is generally recognized. This article mentioned that:
Evidence exists that the communications of the fighters are restricted and only
trusted militants maintain high volume social media activities.
A few militants compulsively update their Facebook profiles and Twitter feeds from the
battlefield but many more do not communicate at all. New recruits turn over their cell
phones upon arrival to training camps. Clearly, unmonitored communications by the

foreign fighters may inadvertently disclose information that could be exploited by law
enforcement and rivals. My thesis is that the social media was used as controlled
communications by those terrorists.

Simon, Jeffrey D. The Terrorist Trap: America's Experience with Terrorism. Bloomington:
Indiana University Press, 1994. Print.
In this article, the author, Simon, argues that terrorism occurs in escalating cycles, and
that a new wave of terrorist violence, including attacks aimed at the U.S. and its allies, is
inevitable. Simon said with the end of the Cold War and the return of American hostages
from Lebanon, many believed that terrorism was over. He scrutinizes America's response
to terrorism, from T. Jefferson's measures against Barbary pirates who took hundreds of
Americans hostage, to World Trade Center bombing by Muslim extremists in 1993.
Simon profiles a terroristic world of shifting groups and state sponsors, changing its
tactics and causes in response to religious fanaticism, ethnic or nationalist conflict,
political ideologies, criminal greed, poverty and alienation. After assessing the potential
for terrorists to use nuclear, chemical or biological weapons, he outlines steps that
governments, intelligence agencies and the news media can take to reduce terrorists'
psychological advantage and to thwart their actions. Simon calls on officials to move
away from the useless rhetoric of defeating terrorism and to focus instead on achievable
goals in combatting this global problem.

Kavoori, Anandam P, and Todd Fraley. Media, Terrorism, and Theory: A Reader. Lanham, Md:
Rowman & Littlefield, 2006. Print.
Over the past few years, terror attacks has been covered and featured widely in
numerous media outlets. It became a very popular topic for academic articles and
essays. Also, this article analyze the larger issues surrounding media's portrayal of
terrorist organization such as Al-Qaeda and ISIS. In addition, it included terrorism as
a media event, war, nationalism, public responsibility, and journalistic
accountability. Contributors from around the world explore these issues as they
connect to a global community. From the diverse fields as cultural studies, political
science, media studies and information science, each brings a distinctive
perspective. Answering a growing need to understand media discourse on terrorism,
Media, Terrorism, and Theory complements readings information to people who
wanted to know more and in detail about these media threats so they can prevent it
or at least contribute to prevent it from spreading across the globe.

Jihadist Use of Social Media: How to Prevent Terrorism and Preserve Innovation: Hearing
Before the Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence of the Committee on Homeland
Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, December 6,
2011. , 2012. Internet resource.
This article was a record of the United States Homeland Security Department. It is one of
the most recent meeting in order to find a solution to protect American in particular and
the world in general. We needed to be protected from the electronic attack by the most

growing terrorist organizations such as Islamic States of Iraq and Syria. Recently, they
have posted the video of their victories and how good their life is to persuade young
people in thinking that they live in a heaven. These strategies were use on social media
to recruit new fighters for the organizations. They focus heavily on social media because
it is free, widely known and used by almost everybody. The most important factor to
these organizations as stated in this article is because of the spontaneous activity of a
generation so used to using cell phones for self-publication. They recruit fighters from all
over the world and these youth actually believe what they saw online and flew to Middle
East to join the fight. This became such a huge problem for law enforcer and
governments. In this article, the U.S government called an official meeting as an effort to
stop this madness. Their solution, so far the best they can come up with for now, is too
monitor social media restriction more closely and to make sure that they pre-screen, take
off the picture or video that violate the laws and then deregister the user that posted or
shared it.