ENGL 102 Mariam Pitti

Psychoanalysis and Behaviorism

Behaviorism focuses on the external
world; while psychoanalysis focuses in the
internal world.

Which one is the best theory?

Psychoanalysis or Behaviorism?

Focuses only on observable behavior

Classical Conditioning
Stimulus and response
Operant and Instrumental Conditioning
Reinforcements

Before conditioning
Salivation

Before conditioning
Bell

Food

Response
Unconditioned
stimulus

Response
Neutral
stimulus

Unconditioned
response

During conditioning
Salivation

Food

Unconditioned
response

No conditioned
response

After conditioning

Salivation

Bell

Response
Bell

No Salivation

Response
Conditioned
stimulus

Conditioned
response

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

Process

Operant

Consequence

Effect on Behavior

Increase
studying in
the future

Positive
reinforcement

Studying to make
deans list

Make deans list

Increase
studying in
the future

Negative
reinforcement

Studying to avoid
losing academic
scholarship

Avoid loss of
academic
scholarship

Only explains observable

behavior.
No way to explain
original motivational drives

Psychoanalysis studies the psykee.

Its goal is to reveal the unconscious and find answers
to the traumas and inhibitions of human beings.
The unconscious hidden information within our
mind, that we have no awareness that is present, but
that influences and determine our actions and behavior
(Freud 13).

Conscious Mind
10%

Subconscious Mind
90%

Psychoanalitic Therapy:
Free Association
Interpretation
Parapraxis Freudian slips
Interpretation of dreams

Hunger

Avoidance of
pain

Thirst

Sex

Conscious
Preconscious

Superego

Nonconscious

Unconscious

Note: Ego is freefloating in all

three levels.

Superego

The Conscious

Ideal ego

Selfactuali
zation

Esteem needs

Belongingness and
love needs
Safety needs

Physiological needs

Skinner Human thought is human behavior.

People usually do something and they do not know
why they do it.

ADD TO
ENVIRONMENT

INCREASE
BEHAVIOR

DECREASE
BEHAVIOR

REMOVE FROM
ENVIRONMENT

+R
POSITIVE
REINFORCEMENT

-R
NEGATIVE
REINFORCEMENT

+P
POSITIVE
PUNISHMENT

-P
NEGATIVE
PUNISHMENT

Behavior

Bad
reponse

Bad
response

Repeating
same
behavior

Childhood-Adulthood

Baum, William M. "Chapter 1 Behaviorism: Definition and History." Understanding

Behaviorism: Behavior, Culture, and Evolution. 2nd ed. London: Blackwell, 2005. 34. Print.
Freud, Sigmund. A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. Washington: Pocket, 1975.

PDF.
Freud, Sigmund. The Ego and the Id. New York: CreateSpace, 2010. E-Book.
Maisto, Albert A. "Chapter 14 Therapies." Psychology: An Introduction. By Charles G.
Morris. 12th ed. New York: Prentice Hall, 2004. 527-36. Print.
Perrig, Walter J. "Chapter 4 Emotion, Motivation, and Action." Control of Human
Behavior, Mental Processes, and Consciousness. E-book ed. London: Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, 2000. 14-18. Print.
Skinner, Burrhus F. The Behavior of Organisms. New York: Copley Group, 1938. E-Book.